Can blueberries and cherries be grown in Shanghai’s climate?
1. The climate in Shanghai can grow blueberries, /new_view.asp?id=846
Introduction and cultivation of blueberries in my country Our country has a large area of soil that can grow blueberries. Only for Its PH value can be planted with slight adjustments, especially in the red and yellow soil acidic soil areas south of the Yangtze River, which is extremely suitable for planting. my country's research and cultivation of blueberries has been launched. Relevant units have introduced many foreign blueberry varieties and conducted extensive research on them.
Blueberry In recent years, the United States, Canada, Japan and many countries in Europe have regarded blueberries as health and functional foods, and they are very popular among people. At present, blueberry has been widely recognized as a commercial crop that is being recognized by people in our country. Governments in many regions, numerous companies, and individuals with economic foresight have already taken steps in the practice of blueberry cultivation and blueberry product development.
In the Chinese market, there are few fresh blueberries for sale so far, and deep-processed blueberry products have huge market demand and excellent market prospects. Select suitable crops that can make full use of existing soil conditions, have high economic value and have development prospects, and rationally develop my country's soil resources to form a virtuous cycle and sustainable development, whether it is for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich, or for agriculture and the cultivation of areas. The sustained and stable development of the rural economy is of great significance.
Distribution of wild blueberry resources in my country my country's wild blueberry resources are mainly distributed in the Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling areas. Since wild blueberries grow in a pure natural environment, they are purely natural foods. During the local picking season every year, they are manually picked and processed into quick-frozen fruits for sale, processed into original juice, concentrated juice, and anthocyanins are extracted. Due to predatory picking, domestic wild blueberry resources are decreasing year by year. The annual total supply of blueberries is also subject to annual production constraints (there is a saying that the production volume is small in big years), resulting in the purchase price of wild fruits rising year by year. At present, the source of blueberries used as raw materials for the domestic production of blueberry extracts basically comes from domestic wild blueberries (my country is concentrated in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains as the main production areas). However, the local purchase price of wild blueberries has increased year by year in recent years, especially due to people's predatory picking. Wild blueberry resources have been reduced year by year. People have to consider large-scale artificial cultivation such as the blueberry planting model in the United States or Canada to increase the yield of blueberries.
Basic introduction to blueberries. Blueberries belong to the Vaccinium family, a shrub and small berry of the Vaccinium family. The fruit is blue and nearly round. The weight of a single fruit is 0.5-2.5 grams. The pulp is fine and the seeds are extremely small. It is moderately sweet and sour, and has a refreshing aroma. It can be eaten fresh or processed into juice drinks, fruit wine, candies, snacks, etc. Blueberry, whose scientific name is Vaccinium, belongs to the genus Vaccinium of the Ericaceae family. The fruit is blue in color and covered with a layer of white fruit powder. The pulp is delicate, the fruit tastes sweet and sour, has a unique flavor and is rich in nutrients. The VC content is dozens of times that of apples, and it is known as the "King of Berries". It is a top-quality health food, popular in European and American countries, and highly praised and loved by people. At present, a blueberry industry has been formed in the United States that integrates cultivation, fruit storage and transportation, processing and marketing. Its products are not only supplied to the country, but also exported to Canada, Japan, Taiwan and other places. Blueberries are mainly consumed by high-income earners, and enjoying blueberries and their products is a status symbol.
Suitable for development in red and yellow soil areas - blue berry (Vaccinium angustifolia)
In my country's red and yellow soil areas, the soil is highly acidic, has low organic matter content and low fertility levels, which results in low productivity levels and crop failure. The varieties are single and the level of agricultural economic development is low. However, my country's red and yellow soil accounts for a high proportion of the total cultivated land area in the country. Therefore, the development of red and yellow soil areas has always been a big problem. In recent years, some improvement work on red and yellow soil has achieved great results. However, the formation of red and yellow soil is determined by its unique geographical environment and climatic conditions, so its improvement is difficult and the effect is difficult to last. However, if we can choose some suitable crops and make full use of the existing soil conditions, it will be another effective way to comprehensively develop red and yellow soil. In addition, low economic benefits in red and yellow soil areas often lead to over-exploitation, exacerbating further soil degradation and creating a vicious cycle. Therefore, the economic value of the selected crops is the key to the success or failure of development. Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are a valuable economic plant suitable for growing in red and yellow soils.
Ecological adaptability of blue berries
(1) Requirements for environmental conditions
①Soil conditions. Strict soil acidic conditions are the key to successful blueberry cultivation. There are also certain requirements for soil texture, soil organic matter content and soil mineral elements, but their importance is far less than soil acidity.
In terms of soil acidity, the requirements of highbush blueberries (highbush blueberries, Vcorymbosum, Vaustrarae and hybrids with other species) and rabbiteye blueberries (V, ashei) are different. The adaptability range of eye blue berries is wider, and the pH value can be slightly higher, while high bush blue berries require strong soil acidity. The most suitable soil acidity for high bush blue berries is generally around pH 4 to 5, and some varieties have the highest adaptability limit. No more than 4.6, some varieties can reach 5.2.
The most adaptable range of rabbit eye blue berries is pH 4.5 ~ 5.5, and some varieties can slightly exceed this range. For example, in the test of two varieties, Tifbluett and Delite, there was little difference between pH 5.6 and pH 5.1. When the pH reaches 5.9, the yield and growth are greatly reduced, and the symptoms of nutrient deficiency are obvious. Grafting highbush blueberry with rabbiteye blueberry as rootstock can improve the adaptability of highbush blueberry to soil pH. Whether it is highbush blueberries or rabbiteye blueberries, when the soil pH does not meet their needs, a series of nutritional problems will occur, resulting in reduced growth and yield.
For the blue berries that were introduced and planted in Zaoshui County, Nanjing, apart from the relatively suitable soil acidity, other conditions were not superior. The land was newly reclaimed slope land with low organic matter content and no algae discharge conditions. , except for a slight reduction in production in 1994 due to extreme drought, its growth and fruiting conditions have been very good, which fully proves that rabbit-eye blue berries do have strong adaptability in addition to soil pH.
②Climate conditions. Blue berries, especially highbush blue berries, require a 160-day growing season and a period of low temperature in a year. The requirements for the low temperature period are different. Highbush blue berries require 650-850 hours of low temperature time below 7°C to successfully pass dormancy. Some new southern varieties such as O'Neal only need 400 hours. Sharpblue is also a variety that requires a very short cold period. Rabbit-eye blue berries require about 500 hours at temperatures below 7.2°C, which is generally shorter than high bush blue berries. Suitable for cultivation in the south. Recently, some varieties requiring shorter cold periods have been bred, such as Aliceblue and Beckyblue. If the cold period cannot be met, it will affect the germination of buds and prolong the germination period. However, the fruit setting rate will not be affected in the case of artificial pollination, indicating that fruit setting is not related to low temperature. If the cold period of rabbit eye blue berries cannot be met, the flower buds will germinate less than the leaf buds, resulting in an imbalance in the leaf-to-fruit ratio. The cold period can be continuous or intermittent.
Although blue berries have a certain period of cold need, they will be frozen if the temperature is too low. High-bush blue berries will be frozen when the temperature during the dormant period is lower than -29°C. All varieties of rabbit-eye blue berries suffer from freezing damage at -27°C. The exact temperature at which rabbit-eye blue berries are frozen has not been reported, but it is certain that freezing damage will not occur at the winter low temperature of -15°C. The ability to endure is greatly weakened. For example, in Michigan, USA, high-bush blue berries in full bloom can only tolerate a low temperature of -5°C, and will suffer damage at -6°C. The degree of damage varies depending on the variety. The lightest one loses 12% of its yield, and the most severe one loses up to 12% of its yield. Reaching 50%. Although there are reports of rabbit-eye blue berries being damaged at -1°C, the low temperature of -7.8°C (18°F) in Texas, USA, on March 1 and 2, 1982 Although all varieties were affected by the freeze, the degree of damage was not as serious as that of highbush blue berries. The varieties with the greatest yield losses lost less than 10%, and the least severe ones only had a 5% loss. Therefore, for rabbit-eye blue berries, an occasional frost damage may not cause huge losses.
2. The climate in Shanghai can also grow cherries, but good varieties must be selected.
Cherry belongs to the deciduous tree fruit tree of the Rosaceae family. When ripe, cherries are bright red in color, exquisite and delicate in taste, rich in nutrients, and have high medical and health care value. They are also known as "Peach". The cherries cultivated as fruit trees in our country include Chinese cherries, sweet cherries, sour cherries and hairy cherries. Cherries mature early and are known as the first fruits in early spring. my country's cherry production is 35 million kg, with per capita only 29g, which is equivalent to 3 large cherries per person or 15-17 Chinese cherries. It can be seen that cherries have broad market prospects. The sweet cherry varieties cultivated in my country are mainly European and American varieties, which perform well in northern my country. European sweet cherries generally require 900 to 1400 hours of low temperature below 7.2°C to complete winter dormancy, which limits large-scale cultivation in southern my country. Therefore, Chinese cherries are still the main cultivated varieties in the southern provinces and regions of my country. At the same time, there are very few excellent varieties of Chinese cherries. The cultivated varieties generally show many shortcomings such as small fruit, sour taste, pre-harvest fruit cracking, and fruit drop. The breeding of China's fine cherry variety, Black Pearl, has successfully made up for these shortcomings.
There are two large varieties of wild cherries in Asia and Europe, which have no connection with each other. Other cherries later were cultivated. It is mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere in the world, and is mainly produced in Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Sichuan in China. It grows in sunny places on hillsides or beside ditches, and is often cultivated at an altitude of 300 to 600 meters.