Huayuankou hydrological station

There is also an important "cultural landscape" on the Yellow River levee-Huayuankou Hydrological Station. It is said to be a cultural landscape because it is too prominent compared with the surrounding buildings. The appearance is white and the shape is modern. The locals call this three-story building "Little White House". In front of the "little white house" is a wide green garden. It is no exaggeration to say that this green space is not inferior to any square in Zhengzhou city.

The comrades of the Yellow River Hydrological Bureau said that Huayuankou Hydrological Station is not only beautiful in appearance, but also advanced in internal facilities. This is the first digital hydrological station on the Yellow River.

Huayuankou Hydrological Station is the most important hydrological station on the Yellow River because of its special geographical location. The hydrological station was established in 1938. For many years, the data of Huayuankou Hydrological Station has been an important basis for flood control, water resources dispatching and development of the Yellow River. To some extent, Huayuankou is a barometer of the Yellow River.

What is special about the geographical location of Huayuankou? A worker from the Yellow River replied: "In a nutshell, Huayuankou is the starting point for the Yellow River to become a suspended river on the ground."

Interview the Yellow River Committee systematically, and any worker of the Yellow River will tell you a well-known thing: a large amount of sediment brought by the Yellow River from the Loess Plateau is deposited in the lower reaches of the river, raising the riverbed and forming a world-famous suspended river. Only when the Yellow River is confined by dikes can it flow eastward into the sea. Suspended above the ground, the Yellow River is easy to burst and change its course. According to records, the Yellow River flooded 1590 times and changed its course 26 times during the 2500 years from the pre-Qin period to the Republic of China. The Yellow River, which burst twice in three years and changed its course once in a hundred years, has brought great disasters to the people along the coast.

According to the scientific division, the dividing point of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is Taohuayu in Zhengzhou Yellow River Scenic Area, but within a short distance from Taohuayu to Huayuankou, the Yellow River has been under the restriction of Mangshan Mountain. Therefore, the danger of the Yellow River starts from this small garden mouth. According to experts, the discharge and water level of Huayuankou are flood control standards in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

From July 1958 to June 18, the Yellow River between Shanxi and Shaanxi, and between Sanmenxia and Huayuankou suffered from continuous heavy rain, and the rivers in its main branches and tributaries soared. On July 17, a flood with a peak flow of 22,300 cubic meters per second occurred at Huayuankou Hydrological Station, and Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge was destroyed. This is the largest measured flood since 19 19 has hydrological observation records. According to the regulations, this flow of flood is the boundary between flood detention and non-flood. At that time, the Yellow River Committee was faced with a dilemma: if the flood was diverted, the safe evacuation of Beijindi flood storage and detention area 1 10,000 people could not be guaranteed; If the flood is not diverted, the loss will be incalculable once the dam breaks.

At 5: 00 am on July 17, Wang Huayun, director of the Yellow River Committee, held a meeting to study whether to divert the flood. At 24: 00 on 17, the water level at Huayuankou reached 94.42 meters. In the morning of 18, the water level in Huayuankou began to fall, and the rain in the upper reaches began to weaken. According to these hydrological data, Wang Huayun put forward the idea of not diverting flood, strengthening defense and overcoming flood.

After receiving the report, Premier Zhou Enlai flew to the Yellow River by special plane to inspect and listen to the report. Finally, Premier Zhou approved the proposal of no flood diversion. After 10 days and nights of fighting, 2 million soldiers and civilians mobilized urgently along the river and finally won the flood control.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Huayuankou Hydrological Station has successively defeated the catastrophic floods such as "58.7", "82.8" and "96.8". It is precisely because of the important position of Huayuankou hydrological station in flood control and flood fighting in the lower reaches of the Yellow River that the most advanced equipment is always equipped here first. Huayuankou Hydrological Station has become the first digital hydrological station on the Yellow River, where it can not only quickly collect, process and transmit real-time hydrological information, but also quickly retrieve historical hydrological data and quickly query data information such as rain, weather and meteorological information of the whole river. Because of the important position of Huayuankou and the advanced equipment of Huayuankou Hydrological Station, today, the Yellow River Flood Control Frontline Command of the Yellow River Committee is located in Huayuankou.