Who has the explanations of Wuyuan Jiangwan, Likeng and Xiaoqi?
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Ladies and gentlemen,
We are now taking a bus from Ziyang Town, Wuyuan County to Likeng, a scenic spot with a small bridge and flowing water. It takes about ten minutes by car. Now I will give you a brief introduction to the formation of Likeng village.
Likeng is a village inhabited by Li (Muzili). In the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty, in 11, a man named Li Dong built the village, which has a history of thousands of years. The original name of the village is "Li Tian": the principle of reason, the field of field. Why is it called litian? Although the old people in the village said that their current surname was Muzili because their distant ancestors were the tribal leaders in Yaodi and Ren Dali (the official in charge of criminal law), they took the official position as their surname. At the same time, because the distant ancestor moved from the north to the south in the late Tang Dynasty, he once "occupied the sign from the field". Li Dong built the village without forgetting his ancestors, and named the village "Litian". In modern times, people gradually lived on both sides of the stream under the surname Li. In Wuyuan, the stream is also called "pit", which is commonly known as Likeng.
Ladies and gentlemen, this is the "Shuikou" in Likeng Village. Wuyuan people call the entrance of the village Shuikou because all the villages here are built by mountains and rivers, and water flows out of the village from here. In ancient times, Shuikou often became the symbol of a village. When someone in the village goes out of town, his family will send him to Shuikou, asking him to leave with tears. Wanderers who have been away for many years return to their hometown and walk. When they see Shuikou, they will be very excited and very cordial.
1. Former residence of Li Yigao: This ancient house was built in the early Qing Dynasty, and it is the residence of a timber merchant named Li Yigao. Because of his money, he deliberately decorated the house with three exquisite carvings (brick carving, stone carving and wood carving), which made people feel that stepping into the house was like entering a carved art gallery. Under the door cover of the house's upturned cornice, the brick carvings on the vertical column door eaves are very fine, and the ancient opera pictures and figures on the lower eaves are finely carved and lifelike; The lower end of the hanging style column is carved with lotus flowers, symbolizing purity and auspiciousness, while the lotus here is expected to have many children and grandchildren. Ladies and gentlemen, let's take a look at the stone piers on both sides of the main entrance. Now there is a question, that is, what are the functions of these two stone piers? -that's the master's dismounting stone. Let's look at the structure of the house again. Due to the owner's wealth, the wood carvings on the partition doors and windows of the left and right wing rooms are exquisite and perfect. It fully embodies the intelligence and skills of the ancient working people in Wuyuan. The whole house has upper and lower floors, and each floor is divided into three parts: the front room is called the front hall, which is the miss's room. Because the young lady can't leave the boudoir casually, the doors and windows are hollowed out with carved patterns, which is convenient for the young lady to look out from the room. The two rooms in the middle are called purlins, where the owner of the house lives. The back two rooms are called patios, which are sons' rooms. When the son grows up, he moves to the main hall when he marries and has children, and his parents move to the back hall, so the back hall is also called the high hall.
2. Dafudi: This "Dafudi" was built in the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1851-1861), and it was the official residence of Li Wenjin, a doctor with five disciplines. Li Wenjin's official title as a doctor was not obtained through the imperial examination. He was originally a wealthy businessman who managed tea in Guangdong. After the Taiping Rebellion, the regular army of the Qing government had no combat capability at all, relying entirely on Zeng Guofan's Xiang army, and the state treasury didn't have a lot of money to pay. At that time, Huizhou Tongzhi encouraged businessmen to donate money to pay, and if they donated more, they would be sealed. Li Wenjin's official title was donated at that time. Judging from the facade of this house, it follows the construction characteristics of Wuyuan ancient dwellings. The gate is a Shikumen Fang, with a water mill and blue brick facade, and a door cover is built above the gate. The door cover is covered with tiles and cornices, which can not only keep out the rain, but also beautify it. Below the cornice, the brick carving pattern on the door Fang is exquisite and exquisite, which is very decorative. The stone carving on the pillar foundation of Shikumen is a common folk pattern of "lion rolling hydrangea", which expresses the owner's expectation that life is full of joy. Let's take a closer look at this stone carving with a small traditional word "book" carved horizontally, which represents the owner's voice: everything is inferior, but reading is high. There is a patio above the house, which is an important part of Huizhou architecture. Its main function is lighting and ventilation. At the same time, it also has a meaning, which not only connects man and heaven-"the unity of man and nature", that is to say, no creature can exist independently from nature. At the same time, in the eyes of Huizhou people, water is financial resources. On rainy days, water keeps flowing from the patio to the home, and four waters return to the hall, which means "financial resources are rolling in". Look at the sewer holes on the ground, and they are also chiseled into copper coins. What methods did people use to dredge sewers in ancient times? You can guess. -is to keep a thousand-year-old turtle in the sewer. The turtle crawls around in the sewer, and the sewer will always be unimpeded. The name "Chunai Hall" of this Dafu reflects the atmosphere of family harmony and joy, and the other is full of the love of elders for future generations. The wooden components in the house are also carved with exquisite patterns. These woodcarvings include civil and military officials, eight immortals crossing the sea, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, etc. From this, we can see the owner's desire for fame, and hope that his future generations can rely on their own good wishes to gain fame by learning.
Ladies and gentlemen, this courtyard on the right side of the house is locally called "Miss Embroidery Building". Look, this pavilion-style building upstairs, which has picked out many pavilions from HeJie, is small and exquisite, simple and elegant. It was originally used for sightseeing, but legend has it that it is also the place where young ladies throw hydrangeas. There is an ancient shutter here, which can be turned up for lighting, and the lady can peep at the passing crowd at the bottom of the building when she turns down. The story of a young lady throwing a hydrangea is often recorded in novels and dramatic plots. Because some young ladies who are waiting for a word, or have many suitors, and many powerful people, how to choose a dilemma, or because the young lady's opinion on marriage is not in line with her parents' opinions, her daughter may have a lover, so this dramatic practice of throwing a hydrangea to choose a son-in-law appeared. Who will miss throw her hydrangea to? Generally speaking, there is a goal, that is, miss has chosen a suitable person instead of throwing it casually.
3. Shen Mingting: Ladies and gentlemen, let's look back at this pavilion we just passed. It is a witness to the patriarchal clan system in Likeng Village, and it was named "Shen Mingting", which was built in the late Ming Dynasty. The function history of the pavilion is recorded in great detail: if someone in the village does evil, write down his evil deeds and post them in the pavilion to achieve the effect of punishment. In ancient times, the ancestral hall was mainly responsible for the construction and management of the village. Because there were many village rules and regulations in Likeng in the past, the villagers could generally abide by them consciously. However, because of its large size and large population, it is inevitable that there will be disputes and family disputes. In this case, the ancestral hall will ring gongs to gather people in Shenming Pavilion, and everyone in the village can participate in the deliberation, arbitrate who is right and who is wrong, resolve disputes, criticize and punish those who violate the village rules and regulations and regulations.
4. Tongji Bridge: Ladies and gentlemen, let's take a look at these two streams nearby. This is one of the "Twelve Scenery" in Likeng's past, "Two Rivers Flowing Clear". There are two small stone piers in front of one of the streams, this one is the male dragon, and there are stone piers as the dragon horns. There is no stone pier here, but the female dragon, and the two dragons converge into a stream at this bridge, which constitutes the beautiful meaning of "Shuanglong playing with pearls". According to ancient times, the two-phase excitation in Fengshui village was unfavorable, but it was locked with Tongji Bridge and restrained with Shenming Pavilion, which was resolved. Tongji Bridge spans about 5 meters, and it is difficult to find out when it was built, but it was last repaired 25 years ago. It is an ancient stone arch bridge with a long history.
5. Former residence of Li Shulin: This residence is a "eight-character gate" with a unique style, facing the wall. Zhaobi is the wall in front of the gate, also known as Xiao Qiang. It is usually built in the yard. However, in Wuyuan, Xiao Qiang was built outside the gate, because the locals took the sky as the yard and the landscape in front of the gate as the yard, so Xiao Qiang was built at the gate. The role of Xiao Qiang is generally to ward off evil spirits, wind and sound insulation. In some people's houses, the word' Fu' is written on the wall, which means "open the door and see happiness". This residential building was built in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, and the carving on the gatehouse is also very fine. After entering the interior of the house, you can find that this long table is unusual, especially long, more than 4 meters long, which is rare in the existing ancient buildings in Wuyuan. In addition, this house has 36 corners and four patios, from which you can see the wealth of the owner.
6. Yutangwu: This is an unknown study, and people in the village call it Yutangwu. In terms of style, it was built in the Ming Dynasty. First, the ground of the front hall was paved with square bricks, which was called' golden brick paving' locally, unlike the Qing Dynasty, which paved the ground with bluestone slabs. The second is to use wooden column foundation, unlike the later houses, which all use stone foundation; Third, the partition fan is very simple, and the center of the grid is made of a horizontal straight box without carving. Attached to it is the back garden of the former residence of Li Zhicheng, the champion of the Southern Song Dynasty. There is a stone fish pond in the garden, surrounded by green slate, and the path around the pond is paved with stones. The fish in the pond is the poached red carp, one of the four specialties of Wuyuan. The water in the pond is connected with the stream outside, which is flowing water. Here is the flower bed. According to legend, this crape myrtle tree in the flower bed was planted by Li Zhicheng himself. Counting the age of the tree, it has been more than 8 years. In that year, the trunk was flourishing with a diameter of .4 meters at breast height. After a lightning strike, although only half of it is left, new branches sprout every year and safflower is full of trees. The dead tree next to it is osmanthus tree, whose trunk is covered with Ganoderma lucidum, which makes people feel that it is full of aura.
7. Jiaoquan: Dear tourists, this spring in front of us is called Jiaoquan. Although the flow of this spring water is not large, it will not dry up all year round. The spring water is clear and cool, sweet and delicious. There was a drought more than twenty years ago, and the river was cut off. Jiaoquan supplied the whole village with water, so in the eyes of Likeng village people, it was their life-saving spring. This spring water flows from the crevices of the stone, and there is a deified story circulating here. Legend has it that there once lived a man named Li Qifu in Likeng Village. This man was an apprentice of Zhang Tianshi, and he was wise by nature but evil by heart. According to legend, Zhang Tianshi kept several little dragons, and Li Qifu stole one while he was not paying attention and kept it in an ink box at home. Zhang Tianshi rushed to ask for it when he heard the news. Li Qifu asked him what color the dragon was. Zhang Tianshi said it was yellow. Li Qifu said: I have a black dragon here, but I don't have your Huanglong. Zhang Tianshi was helpless and gave him the dragon. The dragon is getting bigger and bigger in the ink box, but it is not the way. Li Qifu wants to find a good place for it to live. One day, when he came here and saw water oozing from the stone wall, he drew his sword and plunged into it. Suddenly, clear spring water flowed out of the crack. When he was excited, he hit the water with one punch, and a hole was recessed in the stone wall. He took the opportunity to sit on the ground and sat out a big pit. Water kept flowing into the pit, forming this pool. Li Qifu kept the dragon in the pool, and when he grew up, he kept making waves. When his tail swept away, he leveled all the horse-headed walls of these houses nearby. You see, there are no horse-headed walls in the houses around here. Li Qifu heard the villagers complain repeatedly, so he took the dragon away, and finally put it into a river in Kaihua, Zhejiang Province. Up to now, this river is still called Wulong River, and Jiaoquan, because it once raised dragons, became a place that people must worship in ancient times for rain.
The interior decoration of this house is very exquisite in Wuyuan House. We see a tall horse-head clock in the middle, with a vase and a mirror on the left and right sides, which has a deep meaning, that is, "peace on the left and peace on the right, peace for life."