Reading poetry collection with preface in classical Chinese

1. Classical Chinese reading and translation of "The Lanting Collection"

Sentence-by-sentence translation explanation of "The Preface to the Lanting Collection".

First paragraph: Original text: In the ninth year of Yonghe, when I was in Guichou, at the beginning of late spring, I met at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji, to repair the evil spirits. Translation: In the ninth year of Yonghe, that is, the year of Guichou, (on a certain day) in early March, a gathering was held at Lanting in Shanyin County, Kuaiji County to hold an event to ward off evil spirits.

Explanation: "Yonghe Ninth Year" is marked by the year number method, that is, the year name established by the emperor plus ordinal words is used to mark the year; "Guichou" is marked by the stem and branch method, that is, using the ten year number method. The heavenly stems (Jia, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wuji, Geng, Xinrengui) and the twelve earthly branches (Zichou, Yinmao, Chen, Wuwei, Youxuhai) were combined in sequence (Jiazi-Yichou-Bingyin-etc.) to record the year; this year established "Yonghe" for Emperor Mu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty "The ninth year of this year is also the year of "Guichou". The two dating methods are generally used alone. The overlap here has the effect of clear dating, but the more important one is the phonological effect.

"Late Spring" refers to the month according to Meng Zhong's twilight month method, that is: March. The adverbial "will be at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji" is placed later.

"禊" is a sacrificial ritual held by the waterside in ancient spring and autumn to eliminate ominous events. "The Preface to the Lanting Collection" is also known as "Yie".

Appreciation: One sentence tells the story of the time and place. Original text: All the virtuous people have arrived, and the young and old have gathered together.

Translation: The virtuous people come (here), the young and the old gather (here). Explanation: "Xian", "Shao" and "Chang" are adjectives used as nouns, meaning "virtuous people", "young people" and "elder people"; the prepositional phrases are omitted after "to" and "ji". "Here" is used as an adverbial.

Appreciation: The eight characters describe all the people coming, and also describe the grand event of cultivating evil spirits. Original text: Here there are high mountains, lush forests and bamboos; there are also clear streams and rapids, reflecting them to the left and right.

Translation: There are tall and precipitous mountains, lush and dense woods and bamboo bushes; there are also clear and turbulent water, which surrounds the pavilion on the left and right. Explanation: The three phrases "lofty mountains", "luxuriant forests and bamboos" and "clear currents and turbulent waters" all use intertextual rhetoric and need to be adjusted during translation.

"ying" is the verb "to shine", "dai" is the address "to surround", and the preposition "yu" is omitted afterwards. Appreciation: Twenty characters describe the beautiful environment.

Original text: It is thought that the wine is flowing in the flowing water, and the people sit next to each other. Although it is not as prosperous as silk and bamboo orchestral music, one wine glass and one chant are enough to express the secret love. Translation: (Water) is brought into a circular canal for floating wine glasses, and (people) line up and sit next to it. Although there is no grand occasion of orchestral music, (but) drinking a glass of wine and composing a poem is enough for it. Express your elegant feelings happily.

Explanation: The object "zhi" is omitted after "Yin", which is replaced by "clear current and turbulent"; "Yi" is a conjunction that connects the relationship, so it is not translated; the preposition "Yu" is omitted after "Liu Zuo" "Yizhang" and "Yiyong" are the verb phrases "drink a glass of wine" and "chant a poem"; "Yi" is the preposition "to use". Appreciation: Three crosses describe the grand occasion of drinking wine and composing poems.

Original text: It’s a sunny day, the sky is clear, the wind is gentle and gentle. Translation: On this day, the weather is sunny, the air is fresh, and the breeze is warm.

Appreciation: One piece is relaxed, this is relaxation. Original text: Looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the abundance of categories, wandering your eyes and wandering your mind is enough to provide you with great audio-visual entertainment, which is a joy to behold.

Translation: Looking up at the vast universe, looking down at the prosperous things, the (landscape) for looking around and stretching the mind is enough for people to enjoy the joy of sight and sound. So happy! Explanation: "Zhi" is the sign of the attributive postposition; "category" is the noun "all things in the world"; "so" is the fixed structure "the landscape used for...", and "ji" is the verb "enjoy". Appreciation: This is "touring", with scenery and travel traces.

Second paragraph: Original text: Madam’s love for you will last a lifetime. Translation: People get along with each other and their admiration lasts a lifetime.

Explanation: "Husband" is an auxiliary word and is not translated. The structural particle between the subject and predicate of "Zhi" is not translated.

"Pitch" uses two actions to express a short time. Appreciation: All life insights actually begin with the word "husband".

Original text: Either we can hold each other's arms and talk to each other in a room; Translation: Some people take out some things from their own interests and thoughts and talk face-to-face indoors (with friends); some people indulge themselves without any restraint by placing their affection on the things that their spiritual feelings are entrusted to. live.

Explanation: "Zhu" is the chorus word "Zhiyu", "Zhi" represents the content of what is said, and the introductory phrase composed of "Yu" and its object "Embrace" serves as an adverbial; "Meet Yan" " The preposition "yu" is omitted after "Wanglang", and the object preposition phrase composed of "yu" and its object serves as an adverbial; "because" is the preposition "pass", and together with the following "zhisusuo" forms the preposition phrase as an adverbial. Appreciation: When reading this sentence, one feels "joyful about things" and "sorrowful for oneself".

Mi Heng in the Wei Dynasty, Liu Ling and others in the Western Jin Dynasty are typical representatives. This is actually a distortion of the life of the literati in times of political darkness and frequent persecutions.

Original text: Although there are many things to give up, calmness and impatience are different. When you are happy with what you encounter, you are temporarily satisfied with yourself, and you are content with yourself quickly, not knowing that old age is coming; when you are tired of what you are doing, your emotions will follow you. Things have changed, and I feel sad about it. Translation: Although (people's lives) choices vary greatly, and they also like to be quiet and active, but when they are happy with the things they come into contact with, they are temporarily proud and happy and self-sufficient, and they don't know that aging is coming; When you feel tired of the place you reach, your mood changes with the current situation, and emotion will follow.

Explanation: There are two interpretations of "take", one is "interest" and the other is "take". Here we take the meaning of "take". "Xin Yu Yu Sui" is a typical inversion of the prepositional phrase used as an adverbial, and "Xu Yu Yu" is a noun suizi phrase.

Appreciation: I have this feeling in this situation, and it is the same in ancient and modern times. Original text: The admiration for what I admire has already become a trace of the past, but I still have to be excited about it; the condition is shortened and changed, and it will eventually end.

Translation: The things that used to make me happy have become obsolete in a short time, but I still can’t help but feel emotional about it. Moreover, the length of human life is determined by nature, and the end of life will eventually be the final outcome. Explanation: The structural particle "的" between the attributive "zhi" and the central phrase is translated as an adverbial in the sentence. This is actually due to the differences in ancient and modern Chinese language habits; "zhi" is a pronoun, which means "to be pleased with, to admire, and to admire." "as a trace"; "xiu" is the adjective "long"; "period" means "with... as the final outcome"; "end" means "the end of life".

Appreciation: This is where the pain of life comes from! Original text: The ancients said: "Death and life are equally important." Translation: The ancients said. 2. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete 1

1.A 2.B3.B 4.D5.C6.B7.C8. (1) However, people at that time, regardless of whether they were wise or foolish, would always turn to Mei Shengyu when talking about poetry. consult.

(2) Although I knew Mei Shengyu well, I did not recommend him in the end. (3) I cried bitterly and wrote an epitaph for him, so I asked his family for the (old manuscript).

(4) Why do the poems of people who are old and frustrated and become poor are just words of sorrow and lamentation about insects and fish? The world's disciples like their work, but they don't know how long they will be poor and will grow old, so they don't hesitate to do it! 1. Poor: trapped 2. ① However, it is a turning conjunction; ② And, a coordinating conjunction 3. It should be "Mei Shengyu" 4. ③ Write how Mei Shengyu became an official; ④ It is the characteristic of Mei Shengyu's writing style; ⑥ The author Evaluation 5. The author's writing intention is not here. 6. "Poverty" here mainly refers to the difficulties in political career, but according to the meaning of the text, no restrictions can be set. 7. It should reflect Mei Yaochen's achievements in poetry from the side, and the world is not surprised by Mei's poetic talent.

8. See the translation for reference. I have heard people often say: Few poets have successful careers, while many are in trouble. Is this really the case? Probably because most of the poems circulating in the world were written by people who were in distress in ancient times.

Most of the scholars who have talents but cannot fully display them in the world like to go to the mountains and waterside to wander around, see insects, fish, plants, trees, wind, clouds, birds and beasts, and often explore their strangeness. There is a stagnation of sorrow, emotion and anger in the heart. These emotions are transformed into poems, that is, they are placed in resentment and irony, expressing the sighs of the widow who chased the ministers, and writing out the feelings that are difficult for people to express in words. Probably the more difficult you are, the more skillfully you can write.

In this way, it is not that writing poetry makes people distressed, but that good poetry can be written only after being distressed. My friend Mei Shengyu was a junior official when he was young. He was repeatedly recommended to take the Jinshi examination, but he was always suppressed by the examiner's department, and he was in trouble in the local area for more than ten years.

I am already fifty years old, and I still have to rely on others to issue letters of appointment to work as their clerks. They are hoarding their own talents and wisdom and are unable to fully express them in their career.

His hometown is Wanling, and he learned poetry when he was young. From the time he was a child, his poems have amazed his parents and elders. When he grew up, he learned the knowledge of benevolence and righteousness in the Six Classics. The articles he wrote were simple and pure, and he did not seek to please the world. Therefore, the world only knew that he could write poetry.

However, regardless of whether people were wise or foolish at that time, when talking about poetry, they would definitely ask Sheng Yu for advice. Shengyu also liked to vent his frustrations through poetry, so he usually wrote a lot of poetry.

The public knew about him, but no one recommended him to the court. Once upon a time, Duke Wenkang of Wang once saw his poems and said with emotion: "There has been no such work for two hundred years!" Although he knew him well, he still did not recommend it.

If he is lucky enough to be appointed by the imperial court, he can write works such as Ya and Song in the Book of Songs to praise the merits and virtues of the Song Dynasty and dedicate them to the ancestral temple, making him similar to Shang Song and Zhou Song. , Lu Song and other authors, aren’t they magnificent? It's a pity that he couldn't achieve his ambition even when he was old. He could only write poems about the distressed people, expressing his lamentations of poverty and melancholy on insects and fish in vain. The society only loves the craftsmanship of his poems, but does not know that he has been in trouble for a long time and will die of old age. Isn't this worth sighing? Shengyu wrote many poems, but he did not organize them.

His nephew Xie Jingchu was worried that it would be easily lost if there were too many of them, so he selected his works from Luoyang to Wuxing and compiled them into ten volumes. I used to love Sheng Yu's poems and was worried that I would not be able to get them all. I was very happy that Xie could classify and arrange them, so I wrote a preface for them and preserved them.

Fifteen years have passed since then, and Shengyu passed away in the capital due to illness. I cried bitterly and wrote an epitaph for him, so I asked his family for help and got more than a thousand of his posthumous manuscripts. Chapters, together with those previously preserved, selected 677 particularly good ones and divided them into fifteen volumes. Ah, I have already commented on Sheng Yu’s poems a lot, so I won’t repeat them.

Luling Ouyang revised the preface. 3. The original text and translation of the ancient poem "Qi Ling Cao's Self-preface Reading Answers and Translation"

Author: Zhang Huangyan's preface to "Qi Ling Cao" ① Yu Zi dances like an elephant ②, and he often writes poems.

The former officials thought about discarding classics and history, and often took warnings, so they stopped writing and stopped talking about them. However, they continued to steal them from time to time. After ascending to the throne, he had extensive friendships with virtuous people from all over the world, exchanged gifts and gifts, and accumulated a lot of money over time.

Faced with frequent difficulties in the country, I advocated great righteousness in Jiangdong. All the skills that I had in the past have almost disappeared. So he went out to organize the army, entered the canon and prepared the imperial edict, and still had time to chant his temperament.

When Hu Ma crossed the river, he wrote long and short stories, and spoke for himself with sparse grass. Everything was thrown into the fire, which is the misfortune of Cheng's writing. Yu Bingxu began to float on the sea, ten and seven years ago.

During this period, I was worried about my country and home, and felt compassion for the poverty and chaos. There was no time and nothing that could not move my heart and spleen. Some lead troops to the Northern Expedition, singing long and generous songs, or others are escaping from captives and marching south, singing short and lonely songs.

That is, when the wind and rain are swaying and the waves are shaking, the more lonely ministers fall in love with the master and wanderers cherish their relatives, how can it be called the sound of the country's subjugation and the concubine's sorrow for the world. In the spring of Dinghai, the boat capsized in the river, and Bingxu died.

In the autumn of Wuzi, Jie moved to the mountains, but what Dinghai had done died. In the summer of Gengyin, he led his brigade into the sea again, but Wuzi and Jichou died again.

When the Xinmaochang Kingdom fell, the grass in the grass was exhausted and there were still survivors. What pen and ink misfortune comes to this! The following is a compilation of the old and new chapters, which is slightly completed.

Bingshen, Changguo fell again, and three out of ten were killed. In the Wuxu period, the boat capsized on Yangshan Mountain, killing seven out of ten people. Then I realized that writing also has the disaster of Yang Jiu.

In the past few years, I have lamented that the sky has not yet been moved, and I have been thinking about the difficulty of clearing the river. I have thought of borrowing poems to represent the chronology. Then I asked my friends and friends to record them, and I copied them from what I had read, and followed them in sequence.

However, Yu Xing had a strong memory, and he remembered the ones that could be remembered. He recorded them in Chu Duan and got a few poems. It's just like a whole tripod with one ear.

Sigh! The country is ruined and the family is destroyed, and the remaining people are still wearing the festival axe. Since they can't avenge the thieves, why do they want to use rhymed words to seek knowledge for future generations? However, due to the rebellion of Tianbao in Shaoling, he wandered away from Shu Road and did not abolish the emperor. From later generations to this day, it is called the history of poetry. Tao Jingjie was in trouble during the Ding and Jin Dynasties, and when he came back after disbanding, he must write a book with the title Yi Xi③.

My husband’s aspirations can be lamented, and his sincerity can be remembered. But why is it called "Qi Ling Cao"? These are scattered and dying, and they are no longer complete. It is like a military strategist grasping a strange thing, and it is also said to be the work of the rest of the line.

It was in the sixteenth year of Yongli, five days after the Duanyang Festival in Renyin, that Zhang Huangyan came to know himself.

Note: ① Zhang Huangyan (1620-1664), a Southern Ming general, poet, and national hero. ②Dancing Elephant: Refers to adult children, who are over fifteen years old.

③Yixi: The reign name of Emperor Jin'an. 4. Regarding the interpretation of the braille words in the following sentences, the incorrect one is ( ) A. Entering the Code to make the Imperial Code: in charge B. Yu Miaoying Jie Yueying: having a big heart C. Sighing over the years that the sky has not yet been razed: Taiping D. Seeking knowledge in later generations means knowing: understand 5. The following sentences with Braille words have the same usage and meaning: ( ) A. Shang Deyu chants about sex and emotion in the state of Si Linmen, eager for sparks B. Recalls the ones that can be remembered , it is recorded that Zhu Duan is actually lost, but it is not far away C. I want to borrow the sound of the poem to record the chronology and find it still happy D. How can I please the relatives with rhyme words? 6. The following is an analysis and summary of the relevant content of the original text. The incorrect item is () A. The author encountered many bad lucks during his seventeen years of writing and compiling poems. The continuous record of "dead poems" is the misfortune of poetry, the misfortune of poets, and the misfortune of the country.

B. The author only obtained a part of all the poems through "retrieval" and "memory", but he still wanted to compile a collection of poems. This is because the author loved writing poems when he was a teenager, but many of his poem manuscripts were in the flames of war. Lost. C. The historical figures such as Du Fu and Tao Qian described by the author have all experienced turbulent times and been hit by bad luck. Their ambitions and sentiments deeply moved the author.

D. The reason why the collection of poems is named "Qi Ling Cao" is because the poems are scattered and no longer complete; and because the collected poems were all written by the author during the war years. 7. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese.

(10 points)? (1) The country was often in trouble, and I advocated great righteousness in Jiangdong. (5 points) (2) However, due to the rebellion of Tianbao in Shaoling, he wandered away from Shu Road and did not abolish the Taoist order. From later generations to this day, it is called the history of poetry.

(5 points). 4. The original text and translation of the ancient poem "Returning to the Village to See Peony Poems from the Preface and Reading Answers and Translation"

Author: Read the following classical Chinese text and complete questions 6 to 9.

Anyone who concentrates his mind on something, exhausts his plans, and spends all day and night doing it, is said to spare no effort, and is said to be short of time, just like looking for flowers for the remaining time. I recall that in the year of Xinchou, I traveled from Kunshan to Taicang, Jiading, and Nanxiang, and visited thirty-five peony houses, which I have recorded in writing.

Yisi, looking for peonies in Jiangyin, returned without a guide. I have long heard that there are many famous species of peonies in Dongting Mountain. In March this year, I traveled a hundred and sixty miles, waded through the waves of Taihu Lake, and arrived at the mountain in two days.

When looking for flowers together, with a carriage or a stick, they come to all the remote places; there are those who cannot enter when they first arrive, and they often go there again and again, only to be able to see them. Most of the famous flowers in the mountains are there for the eyes to see, and many of them have never been seen before.

During the day, he would sit and lie in front of the flowers, and at night, he would indulge himself under the flowers, and so on for several days. When the excitement is over, I hang up my sail and cross the lake, go to Huqiu to watch the flower market, and then return; I then visit the places with flowers inside and outside Kunshan City.

During the period of time, I saw more than 50 flowers in more than 50 houses, almost sparing no effort, but those who were short of time could be described as crazy and addicted! The guest said: "Zhou Lianxi is called 'Peony, the flower that brings wealth and honor'. It is inappropriate for my son to be poor and lowly!" Yu said: "I am poor, so I don't have a stone to stand on, but I am generous in nature, like to be bold and unrestrained, and have no spirit of poverty; He is a humble Wei Bu, but he has no ambitions for the world and does not want to be a prince.

Isn't it suitable for flowers? "The guest said again: "Ouyang Gong, a Confucian, uses peonies as flowers. Monster. What's so good about me?" Yu said, "Anything with beauty can be a monster, so why should I be obsessed with its beauty?" The world is just for entertaining the eyes and the will, what a monster!" But all the poems are casually written to suit the whim of the moment, with no intention of seeking work and making the author laugh. I have no words.

(Based on Guizhuang's "Preface to the Poems about Peony") Note: ① Panchen: the twelfth day. 6.

Among the following sentences, the incorrect interpretation of the dotted word is A. You must observe it before you finish it: Stop B.

Sparing no effort at all possible points: Probably C. Indulge in its beauty and move in it. Move: Move D.

To suit the whim of the moment: to satisfy 7. Among the following sets of sentences, the one with the same meaning and usage of the dotted words is A.

If I am looking for flowers, that is B. Wasted and returned, the earthworm has no claws and teeth, but strong muscles and bones. Five or six miles above the mountain, there is a cave.

He is crazy and obsessed. But all the poems are written without hesitation. Who can ridicule them? If they reach the rivers, they are in the boat8.

Among the following understandings of the sentences in the text, the one that does not conform to the meaning of the text is A. We look for flowers together, either with a horse or a stick, and we always go to remote places. (My friends and I) look for peonies together, sometimes by car, sometimes on foot with a stick. There are no places in remote places that we can’t reach.

Most of the famous peonies in the mountains can be seen, many of which I have never seen before. Most of the famous peonies in the mountains have been seen, and many of them I have never seen before. Because of your poverty and lowliness, it is not suitable for you (but you love rich flowers), I am afraid it is not suitable.

I am not allowed to be in the world, I just use it to entertain my eyes and indulge my will. How can I be a monster? I am not in harmony with the world. I just use (flower viewing) to please my eyes and indulge my mind. How can you say that I am a monster? 9 . Among the following understandings and analyses, the one that does not conform to the meaning of the text is A.

The author traveled across mountains and rivers in search of peonies, working tirelessly, but always felt that there was not enough time. B.

The author is obsessed with peonies. When he sees the famous flower, he will accompany it day and night, and he will be intoxicated. C.

The author said that peony is the flower of wealth, and his generous temperament is suitable for peony. D.

The author believes that all beautiful things will harm yourself as long as you indulge in them. Reference answer: 6.

C (action: shaken) 7. B (particle, adjective ending, looks like...

A takes the sole; particle, the sign of attributive postposition. C pronoun, that; could it be.

D These; are equivalent to "of") 8.

D (I am not in harmony with the world. I just use (flower viewing) to please my eyes and indulge my mind. How can I think it is a monster?) 9. C ("The author said that peony is the flower of wealth" is wrong) Attachment: Classical Chinese reference translation: Anyone who concentrates on doing something, puts all his heart into it, and works day and night is called "spending no effort" and "feeling that there is not enough time."

This seems to be the case when I look for famous flowers. Looking back on the year of Xinchou, I traveled from Kunshan to Taicang, Jiading, and Nanxiang. I saw thirty-five peonies and wrote an article to record the situation at that time.

In the Yisi year, I went to Jiangyin to look for peonies, but because there was no one to guide me, I returned without any harvest. I have long heard that there are many varieties of peonies in Dongting Mountain. In March this year, I took the 160-mile journey across the waves of Taihu Lake and walked for two days to reach Dongting Mountain.

(Friends and I) went together to look for peonies, sometimes by car, sometimes on foot with a stick. There were no remote places we could not visit; some places we couldn’t enter the first time, we went there two or three times. We must see them. It's only when the peonies bloom. I have seen most of the famous peonies in the mountains, many of which I have never seen in my life.

During the day, I would sit and lie in front of the flowers, and at night, I would get drunk under the flowers. I spent several days like this. When I ran out of interest, I took a boat across Taihu Lake and went to Huqiu to see the flower market before returning; I then visited all the places with flowers inside and outside Kunshan.

Within twelve days, I went to see flowers in more than fifty places, which probably reached the point of "spending no effort" and "simplying enough". That can really be said to be crazy and fascinating! A guest said: "Zhou Lianxi said, 'Peony is the flower of wealth among flowers.'

Given your poor status (yet you like rich flowers), I’m afraid it’s inappropriate, right? "I said: "It is true that I am poor and don't have a few stones of rice, but I am generous in temperament and like to be heroic. I am not as shabby as the poor. It is true that I am humble and a commoner, but I despise society and indulge my individuality. I do not serve the princes and have no * ** The cartilage of the head. Why is it not suitable for peonies? The guest added: "Ouyang Xiu is a Confucian scholar (in the Song Dynasty). He believes that peonies are the demon among flowers."

Why do you like it so much? I said: "All beautiful things can become monsters, not just flowers?" Indulging in its beauty and shaking your heart can kill you. I am not in harmony with the world, and I only use (flower viewing) to please my eyes and indulge my mind. How can I think it is a demon? "It's just that these poems are just spoken out of the blue to satisfy my momentary interest. I didn't specifically pursue craftsmanship. If the author is ridiculed, then I have nothing to say. 5. Read the following classical Chinese essay and complete the short story Preface to the Collection of Poems by Master Zhaoxuan (1) So the Prison of Slander

1.

D4. Cases began to appear, and since then, the "elegant" aesthetic tradition of poetry creation has been wiped out.

(Score points: prison: case; Xing, emergence; Tao, fashion, tradition) ( 2) The answer is: The country that does not bribe Qin will perish because it loses the strong assistance of other countries.

(3) The troubles in life are often accumulated in very small things. A wise and courageous person is often troubled by the things he loves. Is it only the case with (loving) actors? 1. End, the beginning of things. This refers to the beginning of the collection of poems.

Test point: Understand the meaning of common classical words in the text.

Test question analysis: B is a preposition, use; Item A conjunction indicates transition/conjunction and indicates connection; item C preposition indicates preposition/ratio; item D conjunction indicates connection/connection and indicates assumption.

Test point: Understand common classical Chinese function words. The meaning and usage in the text. The ability level is Comprehension B.

3. Question analysis: This type of sentence segmentation must follow a principle and the meaning of the sentence must not be broken.

Therefore, you must think about sentence fragmentation in conjunction with the context, the specific context and the meaning of the sentence, especially the key words (prepositions, modal particles, conjunctions, etc.). Test point: understand sentence patterns that are different from modern Chinese. and usage.

The ability level is Comprehension B.

Test question analysis: When translating this type of questions, you must first find the keywords or sentence patterns, usually literal translation. Except some figurative words, then translate them as a whole, and follow the standards of modern Chinese to achieve the order of words and sentences.

The ability level is understanding B. Reference translation I. When I first came to Hangzhou, I asked Mr. Zheng Xidao in Hangzhou for a (real) scholar in Hangzhou. Mr. Zheng told me that Master Zhaoxuan wrote poems, and that no one in modern times was famous for his poetry writing. No one could surpass him. .

I have always known that Mr. Zheng is good at appreciating people and does not talk too much. (So) I often thought of Master Zhaoxuan. When I asked the people in Hangzhou about Master Zhaoxuan's deeds, I did not tell him. Master Xuan is good at writing poems. I thought it was strange in private.

When I moved to Baixialing, Master Zhaoxuan was in charge of Shouning Temple in Wansongling. Abbot, from then on I began to fully appreciate his poems. His poems are majestic, like rushing waves, strict in structure, like an arsenal, and steep in style, like pine trees perched on a cliff. They are awe-inspiring and unclimbable, and when they feel worried about the world, His feelings often appear beyond his words. oops! This is the reason why Master Zhaoxuan cannot become famous in Hangzhou for his poems.

Why are poems written? Emotions surge from the heart and must be expressed in words. "Guofeng" and "Ya" are listed in the "Six Classics". Praise, satire and advice are all beneficial to the enlightenment of the world. Therefore, the previous kings used it to examine changes in customs, to understand the gains and losses of governance, and to understand the emotions of people who had no aspirations and lived in the lower classes of society.

(From the perspective of the social function of poetry) Are they just called "Ci Zhang"? In later generations, the official position of Taishi was abolished, so those who flattered and flattered people all used poetry to encourage the trend of flattery. Therefore, there were more beautiful poems and fewer satirical poems. This trend spread to the Song Dynasty, and defamation cases began to appear. Since then, the elegant and beautiful tradition of poetry creation has been wiped out, leaving nothing behind.

Today, the world has not heard of any laws prohibiting speech, but the bad habits that people have seen and heard have not changed, so poets often regard writing poems about singing about the wind and moon, and about playing with flowers and birds as poetry. They imitate the nobles but do not learn from the ancients. They judge the quality of poems by the standards of others without distinguishing whether they are jade or stone. They are confused, noisy, singing one and the other, and relying on each other. They formed cliques with each other, and then slandered and criticized each other, but no one can know the beautiful satirical and remonstrative tradition of poetry.

In this case, wouldn't it be appropriate for Master Zhaoxuan not to be praised by today's people for his poetry? well! Only when there is Bole can one recognize a thousand-mile horse, and only when there is craftsman stone can one recognize good wood such as sycamore trees and stink bug trees. But how many craftsman stones can there be from ancient times to the present? Many of those characters who had unique abilities but were not reused have disappeared.

I not only admire Master Zhaoxuan’s poems, but also lament that people don’t know that Mr. Zheng is today’s bole and craftsman, so I wrote this preface and put it at the beginning of the collection of poems.