Who has the dream of being emperor in 8 1 day?
1876 (the second year of Guangxu) and 1879, Yuan Shikai failed after having obtained the provincial examinations twice and decided to leave school and join the army. 188 1 May, Yuan Shikai went to Dengzhou, Shandong Province, and took refuge in Wu Changqing, Baoqing's sworn brother, as the business office of Jun Qing. Wu Changqing is the commander-in-chief of the Huai Army, commanding the sixth battalion of the Qing Army to be stationed in Dengzhou, and supervising Shandong's defense.
1August 882, a "Renwu mutiny" occurred in North Korea. At that time, North Korea and China were vassal relations, and Wu Changqing was ordered to suppress them. Yuan Shikai, who was in charge of the former enemy camp affairs office, was highly valued by the king of Korea and was awarded the title of "five experts" by the Qing government. 1884 After the Sino-French War broke out, Wu Changqing returned to China. Yuan Shikai was appointed by Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, as the "prime minister's camp" of the Qing army in Seoul, and will be in charge of North Korea's defense. In 65438+February, the Korean Hua Kai Party staged a coup with the support of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul, killing many major parties. When Yuan Shikai heard the news, he led the Qing army to intervene and brought the big party back to power. The Japanese government used this as a threat and Yuan was sent back to China. The following year, he was re-appointed as the plenipotentiary of the Qing government's "Prime Minister in North Korea to negotiate trade matters", and was promoted to Taoist priest, adding three titles. 1893 Promoted to Wenzhou Road, Zhejiang Province, and studied in Korea. On the eve of the Sino-Japanese War in July 65438, he fled Seoul in disguise and returned to Tianjin. After the war broke out, he was sent to the northeast front to help the former enemy camp Zhoufu, responsible for raising funds and contacting various armies.
1895 65438+February, Yuan Shikai was sent by Rong Lu and Li Hongzao, military affairs ministers, to expand the Dingwu Army stationed in tianjin railway station and renamed it "New Army". Hire more than 0/00 German officers/KLOC as teachers, select more than 0/00 students/KLOC from Tianjin Ordnance School as officers at all levels, and attract a group of private cronies to strengthen control over the whole army. Most of these people became military and political dignitaries in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Such as Xu Shichang, Duan, Feng, Wang Shizhen, Cao Kun and Zhang Xun. Small station training is a turning point in the development of the new army in the late Qing Dynasty, and it also laid the foundation for Yuan Shikai's lifelong career. Since then, it has become famous. 1897, governor of Zhili (now Hebei), still presiding over the training. 1June, 898, Yuan Shikai was promoted to right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. In February, 65438, acting as the governor of Shandong, he led various new armies (called "Wuwei Right Army") to Jinan. When the Boxer Rebellion broke out in Shandong, he decided that the Boxer Rebellion was a "left-wing cult" and sent troops to various counties to brutally suppress it. Become a powerful figure at home and abroad. 190 1 year 1 1 month, following Li Hongzhang as governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, he was appointed the following year, and his power became more prominent.
After the signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty", the Qing government was forced by the internal and external situation to implement the New Deal. Yuan Shikai expressed strong support and took the opportunity to expand his power. 1902 concurrently served as Minister of Government Affairs and Minister of Training, and trained Beiyang Standing Army (hereinafter referred to as Beiyang Army) in Baoding. The following year, the Qing government set up a training center in Beijing, with Qing Prince Yi Kuang as prime minister and Yuan Shikai as the head of the club, with real power in hand. Establish various military schools and hire a large number of Japanese officers to teach. By 1905, six towns in Beiyang had been trained into troops, with more than 2500 people in each town 12500. Except for the first town, which was a flag soldier commanded by Manchu aristocrat Tie Liang, the other five towns were under his control, and almost all the important generals were trusted officers during training. At the same time, Yuan Shikai is also the minister in charge of electricity, railways and conferences. During this period, he was quite effective in developing Beiyang industrial and mining enterprises, building railways, establishing governors, rectifying local political power and opening new schools. By handling the New Deal, he was able to "make friends at home and help party affairs abroad" and deliberately expanded his power, and soon formed a huge Beiyang military and political group headed by him.
The expansion of Beiyang Group's power poses a serious threat to the hereditary status of Manchu pro-Guangxi Group, which is in charge of the central government, and the power struggle between the two sides is intensifying day by day. The royal family incited some imperial officials to impeach Yuan Shikai's power and status, and even predicted that he would follow in the footsteps of Cao Cao and Emperor Wu of Song. 1906, Yuan was forced to resign from various part-time jobs and handed over Beiyang Army 1, 3, 5 and 6 towns to the direct jurisdiction of the War Department. The following year, he was transferred from Beiyang to Beijing as Minister of Military Aircraft and Minister of Foreign Affairs. 1908 1 1 In June, Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi died of illness. The young Puyi succeeded to the throne and was renamed Xuan Tong. His father Zai Feng was the Regent. At the beginning of the second year, Yuan Shikai was relieved of all his duties by Zai Feng and returned to his hometown to "support his family". However, many of his subordinates still hold important positions and hold real power, and Yuan Shikai is ready to make a comeback at any time.
19 1 1 In June, Wuchang Uprising broke out, and Hanyang and Hankou were successively captured by revolutionary forces. Zai Feng was forced to reactivate Yuan Shikai, and was appointed as an imperial envoy in 654381October 27th to control Lu Haijun, the front line of Hubei. 1 65438+1October1was appointed Prime Minister of the Cabinet. After commanding Beiyang Army to capture Hankou, he went to Beijing to form a cabinet, forcing Regent Zai Feng to return to his official residence and take over the military and political power of the Qing government. He also ordered Beiyang Army to capture Hanyang, forcing revolutionaries to accept the proposal of truce and peace. In February 65438, the Tang school went south to negotiate with the revolutionaries. The revolutionary faction headed by Sun Yat-sen insisted on the abdication of the Qing emperor and Yuan Shikai's oath of allegiance to * * * as the prerequisite for electing him as president. Therefore, Yuan Shikai used the momentum of revolutionaries to force Emperor Xuan Tong to abdicate on 19 12 February 12 (December 25th, Xuantong three years). The next day, I promised the Nanjing Provisional Government: "Never let the imperial system go to China again." /kloc-in 0/5, Sun Yat-sen, the interim president of the Republic of China, resigned, and the Senate unanimously elected Yuan Shikai as his successor and decided to invite him to take office in Nanjing. However, he refused to go south on the grounds of Beijing's "mutiny". The Senate had to allow him to take office in Beijing.
19 12, the League led by Sun Yat-sen was reorganized into the Kuomintang, and tried to organize the party cabinet to restrict Yuan's power. Therefore, Yuan regarded the Kuomintang as the biggest obstacle to centralization, instigated the Beiyang military police to intervene in politics, forced the Kuomintang to quit the cabinet, cut down the revolutionary troops in southern provinces, and sent people to assassinate the Kuomintang leader Song (the assassination is still controversial among Song historians). At the same time, the constitutionalists headed by Liang Qichao were wooed and funded to form a progressive party against the Kuomintang. On the diplomatic front, he received strong support from Britain and got a loan of 25 million pounds from the five-nation bank group. After a series of preparations, Yuan Shikai sent the Beiyang Army to the south in July 19 13 to suppress the second revolution initiated by Sun Yat-sen and expand the Beiyang forces to the provinces in the Yangtze River basin. In June+10 of the same year, Yuan Shikai sent military and police to coerce the National Assembly to elect him as the official president, which was officially recognized by the great powers. Then, the Kuomintang and the National Assembly were dissolved, and political meetings and legislative meetings were held respectively as tools of dictatorship. 1965438+in may 2004, the provisional contract law was abolished; The State Council was cancelled, and the government hall and Marshal Lu Haijun's office were established. Through this reorganization, the progressives who supported him were forced to quit the government, while Duan and others were deprived of the military power of integrating military and political affairs. He can not only be re-elected for life, but also appoint an heir.
19 15 12 Yuan Shikai announced the restoration of the imperial system, the establishment of the Chinese Empire and the change of Hongxian. However, Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor did not receive wide support. Not only Sun Yat-sen, Liang Qichao and others resolutely opposed the Mikado system, but also the Beiyang generals Duan and Feng were deeply dissatisfied. The imperialist powers also warned him constantly. On February 25th, 65438, Cai E and Tang announced an uprising in Yunnan, launched a war to defend the country and crusaded against Yuan Shikai. Guizhou and Guangxi responded one after another. The internal crisis of Beiyang school is full of danger. Yuan Shikai was forced to announce the abolition of the imperial system on March 22, 19 16, restore the title of "Republic of China", and use Duan as Secretary of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Army, in an attempt to rely on Duan to unite the Beiyang forces and support him to continue to serve as President. However, the rebel provinces did not recognize his qualification to be president again. Duan also forced him to hand over military and political power. Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Hunan and Sichuan have electrified to declare independence or cut off relations with Yuan Shikai personally. 1965438+On June 6, 2006, Yuan Shikai died of uremia in Beijing at the age of 57. On August 24th of the same year, he was officially buried in Anyang, Henan.
Yuan Shikai has 10 wives and 32 children. 17 years, the eldest son Yuan, the second son Yuan and the sixth son Yuan Keheng are well known. Yuan's wife is her son. She knows English, French, German and Japanese. He married the daughter of Wu Dacheng, the governor of Hunan Province, and donated candidates. He has served as Right Member of the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, Right Cheng, Ministry of Postal Services, Kailuan Mining Supervision and Chairman. 1955 died in Beijing at the age of 77. Yuan is the third concubine. Korean Kim was born in Seoul. Won the foreign minister of the Ministry of Justice with Yin Sheng. He is the editor of Qing History Museum and the chairman of China Literature and Art Association. He edited the talk for half a month. He died in Tianjin in the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1) at the age of 42. He is the author of Leng Yun's Poems and Meta-Tales.