Does the U.S. government have any relevant resettlement (or employment) policies after U.S. military officers retire from active service? If so, how to arrange it?
I. Retirement conditions for professionals
The retirement conditions of US military officers are divided into three categories: disabled retirement, voluntary retirement and compulsory retirement.
1, disability retirement
The first part shows the physical examination results of the army, which proves that this person is disabled because of disability. If this person is disabled intentionally or negligently, or during the period of absent without leave, the government will only discharge him from active service and will not pay the severance payment. Step 3: After determining that the disability is unintentional or dereliction of duty, it is necessary to determine whether the degree of disability has reached more than 30% according to the standards formulated by the Department of Veterans Affairs. For example, one eye is lost, one limb is disabled, severe chronic hypertension is 30% or more, one or two fingers or toes are missing, one ear is deaf, or defects or scars that will not seriously affect the function are not included. Persons with disabilities below 30% are generally not allowed to retire (except those who have served for a long time), but they can receive disability severance pay, that is, they receive two months' basic salary for active service every full year of service, but the total amount does not exceed two years' basic salary at most. Service for half a year or more is counted as one year. Disabled officers who have been intentionally disabled for less than eight years can only receive severance pay unless they are disabled on business.
2. Voluntary retirement
According to the U.S. military regulations, officers below Major General who have served for more than 20 years and served as officers 10 years may voluntarily apply for retirement and report to the ministers of various services for approval. Officers who have served for more than 30 years need to obtain the president's approval through personal application. Officers who have served for more than 40 years can apply for retirement without any approval. The U.S. military usually approves officers who voluntarily apply for retirement, as long as they have completed their prescribed service obligations. However, in extraordinary times, the Minister of Service may announce the restrictions on retirement approval: officers with important technical expertise or important positions may not retire or resign.
3. Compulsory retirement
The US military's compulsory retirement policy is based on the age, length of military service and rank of officers. Judging from the actual situation, most retired US military officers fall into this category. Officers who meet one of the following conditions, except for a few who can suspend their service due to special needs, are generally restricted from retiring whether they are voluntary or not.
In terms of age, Lieutenant Colonel has completed 28 years of military service, Colonel and Brigadier General have completed 30 years, and Major General has completed 35 years. If he is not promoted, he will have to retire. The promotion rate of second lieutenant officers to lieutenant is close to 100%, and a very small number of those who fail to be promoted at the expiration date will retire. Captains, captains and major officers must retire against their wishes if they are not promoted after two promotions by the Officers Promotion Review Committee. However, the Personnel Management Act of the US Department of Defense stipulates that the Minister of Service has the right to allow some captains and major officers to continue serving to meet special needs. In this way, captain officers can continue to serve in this title until their service life reaches 20 years, and major officers can continue to serve in this title until their service life reaches 24 years.
From the point of view of rank age, colonel, brigadier general and major general officers are not allowed to be promoted to rank within five years from the date of obtaining the rank, and must retire from active service within 30 days after the fifth anniversary. The rank below Lieutenant Colonel is basically the same as that of length of military service. If you are not promoted twice, you must retire within 1 year and 30 days after the expiration.
According to the Personnel Management Law of the U.S. Department of Defense, when it is necessary to reduce the number of officers as soon as possible, the Officer Management Committee can choose some officers with the rank of lieutenant colonel and colonel to retire early.
Judging from the compulsory retirement policy of the United States, age is not the absolute basis for officers to retire, but strict restrictions on ranks and ranks are the main basis for the US military to retire. Therefore, in practice, the retirement age of officers of the same rank in the US military is not the same. Some are younger and some are older. Some people may leave the army a few years early because they are promoted quickly and early, and then there will be no new promotion opportunities. Suppose a major general was born in 1940. Because of his rapid promotion, he was appointed as a major general earlier. By 1995, he had worked in this position for five years and had to retire before he was 60 years old. Another major general was born in 1939, but he was just promoted to major general in 1995, so he can retire at the age of 60.
Second, generous retirement benefits.
The us military attaches great importance to the work of retired soldiers and retired soldiers. There is a "Veterans Affairs Department" in the government cabinet, which is responsible for managing 27 million veterans and more than 74 million soldiers and their families, accounting for more than one third of the national population. The "Veterans Affairs Committee" established by the Senate is responsible for the legislation on the treatment of veterans. In addition, there are more than 20 non-governmental veterans organizations in the United States, aiming at fighting for and protecting the rights and interests of veterans and providing various services for veterans. American officers can still enjoy many welfare benefits after they retire.
1, pension
American military officers' pensions are generally higher than those of retired government officials at the same level, and will increase with the rise of prices. 1980 and 1986 made the calculation method of pension complicated, which is also the fact that the current retirement system of the army is divided into three different but interrelated calculation methods according to the time of enlistment.
Soldiers who joined the army before September 8, 1980. The basic calculation method of pension is: 2.5%* length of service * last basic salary before retirement. For example, a person's basic salary in the last month before retirement is $4,000 (annual salary is $48,000), and after serving in the army for 20 years, the annual pension is 2.5% * 20 * 48,000 = 50% * 48,000 = 24,000. If you have served for 30 years, the maximum pension you can receive can reach 75% of the annual basic salary.
Soldiers who enlisted before September 8 1980 to August 1986. The calculation method of pension is similar to the above principle, but it is calculated according to the average value of the highest basic salary for three years. As mentioned in the previous example, if this person's monthly basic salary in the latest year is 4000 dollars, while that in the previous two years is 3600 dollars, and the average annual salary in these three years is 44800 dollars, then the annual pension is 2.5% * 20 * 44800 = 22400 dollars.
Soldiers who joined the army after August 1986. The pension is also based on the average value of the highest annual basic salary of three years *2.5%* calculate length, but the difference of years based on 30 years of service is deducted 1% every year. For example, when retiring after 20 years of service, the difference in years is 30-20= 10, and the pension is calculated as 2.5% * 20-65438. When retired soldiers reach the age of 62, the deduction will be cancelled and calculated at 50% of the three-year average of the highest annual basic salary. The Law on Retirement also states that the living allowance for soldiers who joined the army in August and after 1986 will be increased at a low rate of "consumer price index minus 1%". When they reach the age of 62, they will adjust the living allowance in a lump sum and continue to "reduce the consumer price index by 1%" for the rest of their lives.
Because early retirement pension is small, there is still a big difference between early retirement and delayed retirement. When a lieutenant colonel who has served for 20 years retires, the pension is only calculated at 50% of the basic salary. For example, after 1 August 9861,it is 40%, and after 28 years of service, it is 70%. Therefore, many US military officers rarely choose to retire voluntarily, and generally retire after completing the mandatory retirement period.
2. Political treatment
After retiring, the political treatment of American officers is higher, and retired officers are still included in the roster of officers of various services as full members of the services. Retired officers can wear military uniforms and various medals, medals or ribbons obtained during their service on specific occasions. The US military attaches great importance to the holding of the retirement ceremony and the affirmation of the hard work of retired officers in the past ten years, so that officers have a sense of honor, obligation and responsibility when they retire. Officers held corresponding ceremonies when they retired, and the list was published in the military newspaper. At the retirement ceremony, the Army presented the officers with honorary certificates signed by the Minister of the Army. The generals held a more solemn ceremony and awarded the "Medal of Outstanding Service".
3. Housing treatment
The housing problem of American officers is solved by themselves, and the army only pays moving expenses. Due to the high salary and welfare policy, most officers of the US Army have their own private houses. Therefore, there is no big problem with the housing of retired officers. If housing is difficult, the government or the army usually provides preferential loans or purchase guarantees to sell housing to retired soldiers at preferential prices.
4. Medical treatment
After retiring, US military officers continue to enjoy free medical care in military hospitals, and the expenses are borne by the state. According to the regulations of the US military, honorably retired soldiers can generally continue to enjoy medical and health insurance and life insurance. The families of retired officers can enjoy the health care and medical treatment of military personnel as well as the families of active military personnel. They receive free outpatient medical expenses when they see a doctor in military hospitals and medical units specially set up for retired soldiers, and only pay a small amount of living expenses when they are hospitalized. Ex-servicemen who fall ill during their service and require treatment shall be given priority in hospitalization. Even if the disease has nothing to do with the service period, you can enjoy free hospitalization as long as the doctor diagnosed that you must be hospitalized and proved that you can't pay the medical expenses and the bed allows.
5. Social welfare
Retired officers can still have meals in the officers' canteen, and they can shop in military service organs with certificates, watch performances and participate in community activities in military war zones, and use military sports, education and entertainment facilities free of charge. After the death of a retired officer who has not been humiliated in active service, he is eligible to be buried in the national cemetery and enjoy the tombstone, national flag and inscription provided by the government. The Department of Veterans Affairs provides funeral and memorial expenses.
Third, flexible retirement placement.
1, flexible placement
The United States does not have a household registration system similar to that of China. Generally speaking, there are no special restrictions on the placement of retired officers. Usually, officers themselves decide to choose any place in the United States as a settlement and build or buy their own houses. The place of residence of retired officers is not necessarily the recorded place of birth, but some areas such as Alaska and Hawaii have certain restrictions.
2. Self-employment and employment are preferred.
The general principle of retired U.S. military officers is to choose their own jobs. American military officers are generally only in their 40 s when they retire, and many people will go to other places to find jobs themselves. The United States stipulates by law that veterans enjoy certain employment priority. The Veterans' Priority Law and the double indemnity Law stipulate that veterans have priority in working in government departments. For example, the army gives priority to recruiting civilian personnel from retired officers; After leaving the army, soldiers can return to their jobs in government departments before serving; When the government lays off employees, veterans have the priority to keep their jobs; When participating in post assessment in the society, veterans can get appropriate points; Give more priority to veterans who participated in the war, made meritorious deeds or were disabled on the job.