Combined with the reality, talk about the characteristics of garden art in China.
Keywords: artistic conception of plant landscape
China is one of the ancient civilizations in the world. In the process of thousands of years' sustainable development, a long-standing China garden system has been bred, which integrates architectural structure, rocks, water system and plants. Garden plant landscaping is a unique artistic wonder dedicated by China classical garden system to the world cultural treasure house. After the plant completes its function, the artistic conception created consciously makes it have a higher realm and humanistic characteristics. China has a long history, and ancient poems and folkways have left beautiful ci and fu that personifies plants, pays attention to cultural connotation and compares plants with others. Its artistic conception is beautiful and profound, full of poetry and painting, and even the realm of harmony between man and nature. Many plants have their own inherent meanings in the customs and habits of traditional national cultures in various parts of China. Plants give people all kinds of associations. When appreciating and eulogizing the beauty of plants in nature, it is full of feelings and scenes. The imagery beauty of many plants is conceptualized or personified, which endows them with rich feelings. Different plants have different connotations.
Planting design based on plant materials must pay attention to science and artistry. An important purpose of landscape design of garden plants is to meet people's aesthetic requirements, although aesthetic consciousness or aesthetics will be different in different times and under different national traditions, religious beliefs, experiences, social status and educational and cultural levels. But beauty has a certain * * *, and people will always agree with the new plant landscape. Beauty is one of the purposes pursued by plant landscaping, so a perfect plant landscape design must have a high degree of unity of science and artistry, not only to meet the unity of ecological adaptability between plants and the environment, but also to reflect the formal beauty of individual and group plants and the artistic beauty generated by people's appreciation through the principle of artistic composition.
The essence of landscape of garden plants is the stimulation of garden plants or the utilitarian relationship between their "landscapes", which causes people's emotional reactions such as happiness, pleasure, admiration and admiration. Garden plants themselves have natural ecological aesthetics; At the same time, as a practical activity, it has the factors of life beauty; Garden plant landscape is a beautiful combination produced by artistic means. Poetry is painting, and it is the embodiment of artistic beauty. In a word, the landscape design of garden plants needs to integrate natural beauty, life beauty and artistic beauty.
The traditional gardening culture in China is extensive and profound, and the gardening techniques are also rich and varied, which can be roughly summarized as artistic techniques such as "natural scenery, scene blending, spatial landscape setting, master-slave landscape setting, borrowing scenery, four seasons landscape setting, geomantic selection and color dyeing".
1. Learn from nature
The gardens in China, from the gardens of emperors in Qin and Han Dynasties to the natural landscape gardens of literati in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, as well as the mature literati's freehand landscape gardens, are all natural landscapes and create natural scenery. In terms of plant landscaping, we should directly use vegetation, or imitate the natural forest vegetation landscape in the garden and carefully design and plant it. In traditional gardening, plant landscaping always adopts natural methods, adapts to local conditions and makes gardens randomly, and there is no fixed model. It is the so-called "law is not a law without clear text" in order to achieve "although people do it, it is also." Modern plant landscaping should be "from nature, higher than nature".
Step 2 feel the scenery
Traditional garden plants use natural methods to simulate natural scenery and have more feelings for things and scenery. There are poems in the landscape, paintings in the poems and hidden in the paintings, creating a poetic humanistic natural landscape and a beautiful living environment. Traditional garden plants generally use the theory of poetry and painting to make the natural landscape contain humanistic feelings, and through couplets, plaques, inscriptions, stone carvings and other means, flowers, trees, literature and the thoughts and feelings of garden owners or viewers are linked, thus achieving the artistic realm of expressing aspirations, borrowing scenery to touch the scenery and blending scenes. For example, in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, there is a pool in the south, where lotus flowers are planted, and the residual lotus falls in the autumn rain, making a ticking sound. Such an elegant and elegant scene has something to do with the poet Li Shangyin's poem "Autumn frost flies late, leaving the residual lotus to listen to the rain", which is poetic and picturesque. 3. Space landscape
According to the position relationship of various plant landscapes in the garden space, the traditional garden plant landscaping space is skillfully arranged and rationally laid out, creating rich and colorful garden landscapes and space artistic effects. China's traditional gardening pays attention to implication, and advocates the landscape spatial characteristics of "mountains are heavy and rivers are suspicious and there is no road, and the willow flowers are bright and there is another village", so as to achieve the effect of "hiding first and then revealing, and wanting to promote first and restraining". There are many ways to set a scene in a specific space, such as scene, scene division, pitch, scene editing, leakage, reality, guidance, hierarchy, depth of field and so on. For example, the plant landscape of "four-walled lotus and three-sided willow" in the central scenic spot of Humble Administrator's Garden is quite spatial.
4. Master-slave setting
Traditional gardening in China attaches great importance to the master-slave relationship, and plant landscaping is no exception. There are many kinds of garden plants. In the classical garden environment, especially in a small garden space or a scenic spot, plant landscape is divided into key and general, main and secondary. For example, in the western scenic spot of Liuyuan, maple trees are the mainstay, supplemented by other autumn leaf trees such as ginkgo and persimmon, creating a beautiful natural scenery of "frosty leaves are redder than February flowers". Another example is that all kinds of bamboos are mainly planted around Linglong Pavilion in Canglang Pavilion, supplemented by plants such as cypress and plantain, which embodies the beautiful and quiet natural scenery of "the autumn forest is dim and the sun is soft and wears bamboo". In addition, the cluster planting and group planting of the same plant are also used to highlight a certain landscape feature and form the main scene of local garden space, such as peony garden, rose garden, chrysanthemum garden, Taohuayu, Meihualing and Haitang dock.
5. Be good at borrowing money
The space of classical gardens is limited, and to create infinite natural beauty in the limited space, garden plants skillfully use the method of "borrowing scenery" to enrich the landscape. Bai Juyi's poem: "The bright moon is good for three nights, and the green willows are suitable for home in two spring" counts as "Yuanye": "The garden is far and near, and the time is uncertain ... As far as the eyes are concerned, the customs is screening and collecting, regardless of the town." "Garden and Metallurgical Industry" also contains: "Gao Shuang, Xuan Ying, with a few empty windows and a thousand hectares of Wang Yang, is brilliant at four o'clock." Classical gardens borrow red leaves in the Mid-Autumn Festival, shade in summer, flowers on walls and green (grass) in shadow trees. In Yuanye, Ji Cheng divided the methods of borrowing scenery into remote borrowing, neighboring borrowing, borrowing, borrowing, borrowing, borrowing and borrowing. In addition, there are some special techniques, namely "borrowing by mirror" and "borrowing by intention".
6. Four Seasons Landscape
Creating different landscape effects in spring, summer, autumn and winter is a major feature of traditional garden art in China. Four-season landscaping is also an important gardening design method that embodies the characteristics of plant landscape and the infinite charm of nature. Garden plants are abundant in the four seasons scenery. The Preface to the Flower Mirror in the Qing Dynasty describes "begonia red and charming" in spring, "pomegranate dry day" in summer, "maple and cypress rising" in autumn and "wax petal fragrance" in winter, which is really a courtyard scenery, and the four seasons are endless with flowers and trees. Garden flowers and trees not only reflect the scenery of the four seasons, but also are closely related to the natural astronomical landscape elements in the garden.
7. Color, fragrance and scenery
Since ancient times, gardeners have paid attention to color to create landscape. As the main elements of gardens, plants are various and colorful, and the influence of natural climate is even more colorful. Garden landscaping mainly uses it to render the environment, contrast the main scene, create the atmosphere, and also create the main scene of the local space of the garden. The green branches and leaves of plants make people feel peaceful and refreshing, and the garden environment also appears deep and quiet, while the flowers and fruits are gorgeous and colorful, which makes people feel relaxed and full of interest. There are also many scenic spots featuring plant colors in Suzhou classical gardens. For example, the winner of "Flowers and Fruits" is "Lingering in the Garden".