Explain the summer solstice in detail
Every year around June 22nd. The point of direct sunlight is on the tropic of cancer, and the daytime is the longest in all parts of the northern hemisphere, and the side view of direct sunlight is on the solstice of summer.
[1] The shortest night. The higher the latitude in the northern hemisphere, the longer the day and the shorter the night, and the arctic circle appears extremely daytime. The higher the latitude in the southern hemisphere, the longer the night and the shorter the day, and the polar night phenomenon appears in the Antarctic circle. The farther away from the tropic of cancer on the earth, the more inclined the sun's rays are, and the less solar heat is obtained. In contrast, the northern hemisphere gets more heat than the southern hemisphere at this time. Generally speaking, June, July and August are summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere. North of the Tropic of Cancer, the sun rises in the northeast, moves south and sets in the northwest. South of the Tropic of Cancer, the sun rises in the northeast, moves to the north and sets in the northwest. Because the whole island of Hainan is south of the Tropic of Cancer, the sun is in the northeast at sunrise, in the north at noon and in the northwest at sunset. The usual summer solstice (generally referred to as the northern hemisphere) is actually the northern solstice, that is, the northernmost moment of the direct point of the sun, which is an instant, not a day. In fact, if you look at the calendar carefully, you will find that all solar terms have an accurate time, which is why. However, we are used to calling the whole day in our time zone, including this moment, the summer solstice. During the "summer solstice" season, the sun shines almost directly on the tropic of cancer, which is the sun of the year. After this day, the direct position of the sun gradually moved south, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually shortened. "Summer Solstice" is the northernmost day of the year, the longest day of sunshine in the northern hemisphere, and the longest day of daylight exceeding the night time. However, the daylight time in various places is increasing from south to north. This is because the long day and short night effect caused by the tilt of the earth's rotation axis is more obvious as it approaches two levels. Summer solstice icon
"After eating the summer solstice, the day is shorter than the line", and the change of long days and short nights is more obvious at higher latitudes. So, how long is a day in different parts of China? According to Yan Jiarong, an astronomical expert of Jiangsu Astronomical Society, the length of a day (sunset minus sunrise) is calculated according to the sunrise and sunset times in these places from summer to morning: Mohe in the northernmost part of China is the longest place in China, and the length of a day is 16 hours and 56 minutes; Zengmu shoal in the southernmost border of China has a daily length of 12 hours and 16 minutes, which is the shortest place in China. The gap between north and south is 4 hours and 40 minutes. Other representative cities are: Harbin day length 15 hours and 43 minutes; Beijing days 15 hours 1 min; The length of Jinan day is 14 hours and 40 minutes; Shanghai days 14 hours 1 1 min; Hangzhou day length is 14 hours and 7 minutes; The length of Fuzhou day is 13 hours and 46 minutes; Guangzhou day length is 13 hours and 34 minutes; The length of daylight in Hong Kong is 13 hours and 30 minutes.
Edit the diet customs of this summer solstice.
The summer solstice solar terms are generally on June 2 1 or 22 of the Gregorian calendar. For the summer solstice, there are three meanings; First, yin and yang are extremely strong. Second, the beginning of Yang Ming is the beginning. Third, tomorrow's trip to the north. Therefore, it is the best. Twenty-four solar terms say about the solstice of summer: in mid-May, summer is fake, and everything is fake and extreme. In ancient times, the summer solstice was divided into three stages: the first stage was the dissolution of antlers; Second, wait for cicadas to start singing; Third, wait for Pinellia ternata. Although Mi and Lu belong to the same family, the ancients thought they belonged to Yin and Yang. The deer's horn faces forward, so it belongs to Yang. On the solstice of summer, Yin Qi was born, and Yang Qi began to decline, so the front antlers began to fall off. Because mi belongs to yin, it falls in the corner of winter; After the solstice of summer, the male cicada fluttered and sang because of Yin Qi's feeling; Pinellia ternata is a shade-loving herb, named after it was born in swamps or paddy fields in midsummer. During the summer solstice of the Zhou Dynasty, there was a ritual of offering sacrifices to the gods, which was thought to eliminate the plague, famine and hunger in the country. The custom of summer solstice has existed since the Han Dynasty. Wen Chang's miscellaneous laws in Song Dynasty: From the summer solstice, officials have three days off. Liao History records that this day in summer is called Chao Festival. Women enter colorful fans and give each other powder and fat capsules as gifts. Sacrificing ancestors during the summer solstice is often called "making the summer solstice". In addition to the regular offerings, a plate of silk cakes was added. In some places, steamed dumplings paste (an extremely thin pie made of flour and spread in a pot) was given to kitchens and ancestors. There are pancakes, baked with vegetable pods and tofu for ancestor worship. Summer solstice is one of the "four seasons" in a year, marking the arrival of summer. Just as the solstice in winter begins to count to nine, so does the solstice in summer. There are many versions of "Summer 99", and the song "Summer solstice 99" on the girder of a Wang Yu temple in laohekou city, Hubei Province can best reflect the climate characteristics of most parts of China: the summer solstice enters the ninth day, and the feather fan is in hand; In 29 18, I took off my crown and put on a scarf; On March 27, I went out to sweat; Four, nine, thirty-six, open-air rolling seats; In 5945, autumn was like a tiger; 6954, enter the temple to enjoy the cool; 7963, touching the sheets at the bedside; 8972, looking for a quilt in the middle of the night; 998 1, open the cupboard to get cotton-padded clothes. When the summer solstice comes, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have generally entered the rainy season, and rainy days are characterized by high temperature, high humidity and little sunshine, which is the high incidence season of crop diseases and insect pests. The Chronicle of Jingchu Age says that on the day of summer solstice, the ashes burned with chrysanthemum leaves are scattered on the crops, and the crops will not suffer from pests and diseases. The summer solstice is the longest day in a year. Proverbs: play, play the summer solstice; Sleepy, sleepy winter night. Mohe County is the region with the highest latitude in China, which produces extreme sunlight in summer and the Northern Lights often appear. Mohe White Night occurs from summer to 9 days before and after each year. At this time, the Mohe clear sky in Wan Li is the best season for people to travel and visit. Mohe county designated "summer solstice" as a tourism festival on 1989.
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Solstice is the earliest of the 24 solar terms. In the 7th century BC, the shadow of the sun was measured by civil soil gauge, thus the summer solstice was determined. The annual summer solstice begins on June 2nd1day (or 22nd) and ends on July 7th (or 8th). According to "Zunxian Manuscript", "The sun arrives in the north, the days are long and the shadows are short, so it is called the summer solstice. At best, it is excellent. " On the day of summer solstice, the sun directly reaches the northernmost point of the year, almost directly to the Tropic of Cancer (23 26' north latitude), and the daytime in the northern hemisphere is the longest, and the farther north it is, the longer it is. For example, the daily length of Haikou in Hainan is a little more than 13 hours, Hangzhou is 14 hours, Beijing is about 15 hours, and Mohe in Heilongjiang can reach 17 hours. From summer to the future, the position of direct sunlight on the ground gradually moves southward, and the daytime in the northern hemisphere is shortened day by day. There is a folk proverb that "eating noodles on the solstice in summer will shorten the day". At this time, the southern hemisphere is in the middle of winter. In ancient China, the summer solstice was divided into three phases: "The first phase of staghorn dissolution; Second, wait for cicadas to start singing; Third-class Pinellia ternata. " Although Mi and Lu belong to the same family, the ancients thought they belonged to Yin and Yang. The deer's horn faces forward, so it belongs to Yang. On the solstice of summer, Yin Qi was born, and Yang Qi began to decline, so the front antlers began to fall off. Because mi belongs to yin, it falls in the corner of winter; After the solstice of summer, the male cicada fluttered and sang because of Yin Qi's feeling; Pinellia ternata is a shade-loving herb, named after it was born in swamps or paddy fields in midsummer. It can be seen that in the hot summer, some yin-loving creatures began to appear, while positive creatures began to decline. China folks divide 15 days from summer to the future into three "hours", usually the first three days, the middle five days and the last seven days. During this period, the temperature in most parts of China was high, the sunshine was sufficient, the crops grew rapidly, and the physiological and ecological water demand was high. The precipitation at this time has a great influence on agricultural output, and there is a saying that "the rain from summer to the sun is worth a thousand dollars". In general, the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huanghuai area can generally meet the requirements of crop growth. The Chronicle of Jingchu's Age says: "It rained on June 3rd, and the Tian family thought it was sweet, and the whole city congratulated each other." It can be seen that as early as 1000 years ago, people had a clear understanding of the characteristics of this rainfall. From summer to around, early rice heading and flowering in the south of Huaihe River, field water management should be fully water heading, wet irrigation, dry and wet, which not only meets the water demand of rice fruiting, but also can ventilate and nourish roots, ensure maturity and improve grain weight. As the saying goes, "Summer broadcasting does not allow noon", we should pay close attention to summer broadcasting, strengthen the management of broadcast content, and strive for full seedlings. After the seedlings emerge, they should be spaced, fixed and transplanted in time to make up for the deficiency. During the summer solstice, all kinds of weeds in farmland grow as fast as crops. They not only compete with crops for water, fertilizer and sunlight, but also parasitize various germs and pests. Therefore, the agricultural proverb says, "If you don't hoe the roots and weeds in the summer solstice, it's like raising a poisonous snake to bite you." Grasping intertillage and hoeing is one of the important measures to increase production from summer solstice. Generally, cotton has germinated, and its vegetative growth and reproductive growth are vigorous. Attention should be paid to ridging, intertillage and ridging in time, and ditch cleaning and drainage should be done in the field in rainstorm areas to prevent the harm of waterlogging and rainstorm. "However, the summer solstice is not hot." "The summer solstice is already three years old." Although the summer solstice indicates that the hot summer has arrived, it is not the hottest time. After the summer solstice, the temperature will continue to rise for some time, and about twenty or thirty days is the hottest weather. After the summer solstice, due to the vigorous growth of crops, the rapid growth and spread of weeds, pests and diseases, agricultural production in most parts of southern China entered the field management period, and the plateau pastoral areas began the golden season of flourishing grass, fertilizer and livestock. At this time, the rainfall in the western part of South China increased obviously, which gradually changed the distribution trend of rainfall in South China from the east to the east since the spring. If there is a summer drought, it is generally expected to be lifted at this time. In the past 30 years, the number of large-scale floods in western South China in late June was small, but the degree was serious. Therefore, special attention should be paid to preparing for flood control. The summer solstice solar term is the solar term with the largest annual rainfall in eastern South China, which is often controlled by subtropical high in the future, resulting in summer drought. In order to enhance drought resistance and win a bumper harvest in agriculture, it is an important measure to capture and store pre-dormant rainwater in these areas.
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Although the summer solstice has the longest day and the highest sun angle, it is not the hottest time of the year. Because, close to the surface of the heat, at this time still continue to save, did not reach the maximum time. As the saying goes, "Hot days are in dog days", and the real hot weather is calculated by summer solstice and beginning of autumn. From mid-July to mid-August, the temperature is the highest in all parts of China, and the highest temperature in some areas can reach about 40 degrees. From summer to the sun, the sun directly reaches the northernmost point of the year, almost directly to the Tropic of Cancer (23 27' north latitude), and the daytime in the northern hemisphere is the longest, and the farther north it is, the longer it is. For example, the daily length of Haikou in Hainan is a little more than 13 hours, Hangzhou is 14 hours, Beijing is about 15 hours, and Mohe in Heilongjiang can reach 17 hours. From summer to the future, the position of direct sunlight on the ground gradually moves southward, and the days in the northern hemisphere become shorter day by day. "However, the summer solstice is not hot." "The summer solstice is already three years old." Although the summer solstice indicates that the hot summer has arrived, it is not the hottest time. After the summer solstice, the temperature will continue to rise for some time, and about twenty or thirty days is the hottest weather. After the summer solstice, the ground is heated strongly and the air convection is strong, and thunderstorms are often easy to form in the afternoon to evening. This kind of hot thunderstorm comes and goes, and the rainfall range is small. People call it summer rain over the mountains. In the south, Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, skillfully used this weather and wrote a famous poem about the sunrise in the east and the rain in the west, saying that there is no sunny, only sunny. China folks divide 15 days from summer to the future into three "hours", usually the first three days, the middle five days and the last seven days. During this period, the temperature in most parts of China was high, the sunshine was sufficient, the crops grew rapidly, and the physiological and ecological water demand was high. At this time, the precipitation has a great influence on agricultural output, and there is a saying that "raindrops are worth tens of millions in summer solstice". In general, the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huanghuai area can generally meet the requirements of crop growth. The Chronicle of Jingchu's Age says: "It rained on June 3rd, and the Tian family thought it was sweet, and the whole city congratulated each other." It can be seen that as early as 1000 years ago, people had a clear understanding of the characteristics of this rainfall.
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Summer solstice was also called "Summer Festival" and "Summer solstice Festival" in ancient times. In the ancient summer solstice, people prayed for disaster and prosperity by offering sacrifices to God. "Zhou Li Chun Guan" contains: "With the arrival of summer, go to local things." Sacrificing to God in the summer solstice of the Zhou Dynasty means eliminating plague, famine and starvation. Historical Records records: "On the solstice of summer, people worship the land with music and dance." As an ancient festival, the summer solstice began in the Song Dynasty, and officials have a three-day holiday. In Liao Dynasty, this day was called "summer solstice", and women entered colorful fans to give each other a legacy (Liao history). In the Qing dynasty, it was also called "summer solstice is a day's transition, and the sun, the next day and the last day were called" three hours ",so people lived cautiously. Solstice is the earliest festival in China. Before the Qing dynasty, there was a national festival on the solstice of summer. I went home to reunite with my relatives and have a drink. "Book of Rites" also recorded the obvious phenomenon of solar terms in the summer solstice in nature: "The summer solstice arrives, the antlers dissolve, the cicada begins to sing, Pinellia ternata is born, and Furong is glorious. "It shows that you can cut antlers at this time, cicadas begin to sing, and Pinellia ternata and hibiscus gradually flourish and bloom. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, summer is the season with the highest yang. Health care should conform to the characteristics of abundant yang in summer, pay attention to protecting yang, and focus on a "long" word. On this day, cold noodles are commonly eaten in all parts of Shandong, commonly known as water crossing, and there is a proverb that "the solstice in winter is in the solstice in summer in jiaozi". In Laiyang area, new wheat is recommended from summer to day, and in Huangxian (now Longkou City) area, new wheat grains can be eaten when cooked. Children weave a delicate small hedge with wheat straw and fish it into their mouths again and again in soup. It is not only a game but also a game, which is very interesting for farm life. In Pingyin area, ancestors sacrificed from summer to the sun. Folli. From summer to the future, the third Geng Day is the first day, the fourth Geng Day is the middle day, and the first Geng Day after beginning of autumn is the last day, which is collectively called Furi. Fukui people have poor appetite and are often thinner than usual, commonly known as "bitter summer". Some places in Shandong eat raw cucumbers and boiled eggs to cure "bitter summer", and eat eggs in the morning on a rainy day without eating other foods. Linyi area has the custom of improving the eating habits of cattle. Furi cooks barley soup for cows. It is said that cows are strong and can work without sweating. The folk song says: "Spring bullwhip, licking Han Niu (ox), wheat kernel soup, licking ox rice, licking ox without sweating, until June. "It is the season to plant autumn vegetables after lodging, and there is a saying that' radish can be planted first and buckwheat can be planted later'. On Furi Festival, Shandong people want to improve their diet, and people in eastern Jiaodong eat noodles. Long Island Folk Song: "beginning of autumn (Jiaozi) enters the couch. "Zhaoyuan eats jiaozi, and Emperor Wu is used to eating noodles and bean noodle soup. Zoucheng likes to drink ice water, and some people go to Yishan Cave for the summer. "Summer solstice dogs" are popular in Guangdong, and they have nowhere to hide. "There is a local saying that eating dog meat in summer solstice can ward off evil spirits, strengthen the body and resist the plague." Eating dog meat from summer to day, the west wind will detour ",which means that as long as people eat dog meat from summer to day, their bodies can resist the attack of the west wind storm, catch fewer colds and be healthy. It is based on this beautiful wish that the unique folk food culture of "dog meat from summer to the sun" came into being. Cantonese people have the habit of eating dog meat, especially in Yangjiang. According to relevant records, it is said that killing dogs and cultivating oneself in the summer of June originated from the year after Qin Degong ascended the throne in the Warring States Period, and it was very hot in June, and epidemic diseases prevailed. According to the saying that "dogs are yang animals, which can bring misfortune", Qin Degong ordered his subjects to kill dogs to ward off evil spirits, and later formed the custom of killing dogs in summer solstice. Wonton was called by the ancients as "like a chicken laying eggs, rather like a chaotic image of heaven and earth", and "Wonton" is homophonic with "chaos". When Pangu opened the sky, chaos began. It is wise to eat wonton. "Summer solstice to eat wonton, hot weather is not summer. "Eating wonton in the summer of solstice contains a good wish to pray for a safe summer. According to historical records, in the court of the Song Dynasty, every summer solstice, the royal chef would pack a kind of summer solstice wonton for the queens to eat. In fact, the court of the Song Dynasty not only ate wonton in the summer solstice season, but also ate wonton in the other 23 solar terms of the year. Therefore, there was a famous pastry named "Twenty-four solar terms wonton" in the court of the Song Dynasty, and Gaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty especially loved wonton.
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After the summer solstice, due to the vigorous growth of crops, the rapid growth and spread of weeds, pests and diseases, agricultural production in most parts of southern China entered the field management period, and the plateau pastoral areas began the golden season of flourishing grass, fertilizer and livestock. At this time, the rainfall in the western part of South China increased obviously, which gradually changed the distribution trend of rainfall in South China from the east to the east since the spring. If there is a summer drought, it is generally expected to be lifted at this time. In the past 30 years, the number of large-scale floods in western South China in late June was small, but the degree was serious. Therefore, special attention should be paid to preparing for flood control. The summer solstice solar term is the solar term with the largest annual rainfall in eastern South China, which is often controlled by subtropical high in the future, resulting in summer drought. In order to enhance drought resistance and win a bumper harvest in agriculture, it is an important measure to capture and store pre-dormant rainwater in these areas. "However, the summer solstice is not hot." "The summer solstice is already three years old." Astronomy stipulates that the summer solstice begins in the northern hemisphere, but the solar radiation heat received by the surface is still more than the heat released by the ground anti-radiation, and the temperature continues to rise, so the summer solstice is not the hottest season in a year. About twenty or thirty days, usually the hottest weather. After the summer solstice, it enters the dog days. In the north, the temperature is high, the sunshine is abundant, the rain is increasing, the crops grow vigorously, and weeds and pests grow rapidly, so it is necessary to strengthen field management. From summer to around, early rice heading and flowering in the south of Huaihe River, field water management should be fully water heading, wet irrigation, dry and wet, which not only meets the water demand of rice fruiting, but also can ventilate and nourish roots, ensure maturity and improve grain weight. As the saying goes, "Summer broadcast is not allowed for noon", we should pay close attention to the completion of summer broadcast, strengthen the management of broadcast content, and strive for full seedlings. After the seedlings emerge, they should be spaced, fixed and transplanted in time to make up for the deficiency. During the summer solstice, all kinds of weeds in farmland grow as fast as crops. They not only compete with crops for water, fertilizer and sunlight, but also parasitize various germs and pests. Therefore, the agricultural proverb says, "If you don't hoe the roots and weeds in the summer solstice, it's like raising a poisonous snake to bite you." Grasping intertillage and hoeing is one of the important measures to increase production from summer solstice. Generally, cotton has germinated, and its vegetative growth and reproductive growth are vigorous. Attention should be paid to ridging, intertillage and ridging in time, and ditch cleaning and drainage should be done in the field in rainstorm areas to prevent the harm of waterlogging and rainstorm. The solstice in summer is the longest day, and farmers in the northern depression of the southern slope are busy. In summer, corn should be broadcast quickly, and soybean seedling should be delayed. Early spring crops should be carefully managed, followed by watering, weeding and pest control. Summer crops should be replanted with seedlings, and the soil should be loosened frequently between rows. When cotton enters the full bud stage, conventional measures are adopted. Once hit by hail, it is necessary to conduct on-the-spot consultation and find a good prescription. Generally, you don't need to turn over the seeds, but you need to repair the loose ones. Sorghum and corn Taneda should be strictly managed to ensure the quality. Miscellaneous plants in the field should be pulled out and the female parent corn should be peeled. We should strengthen the management of garlic, eggs and vegetables. Water the fruit trees that have been dry for a long time without rain, and you must not water them too much. What is fished in the water tank is wheat bran and grass. Animals like to eat it, and they are strong. The second crop of alfalfa is good for abdominal distension, so it is no problem to add more hay. Take good care of lotus root, reed and cattail, and feed fish regularly and quantitatively. The ancient frog has made great contributions, and everyone should protect him.