The teacher asked to write an argumentative essay on the topic of a famous saying of Confucius or Mencius, with a self-made topic of about 6 words. The idea should be based on it. Please help.
In the view of Heaven, Confucius did not deny the existence of ghosts and gods, but he was skeptical about them and advocated "keeping away from ghosts and gods". Confucius and Mencius are also called "Confucius and Mencius", and their thoughts are also called the Tao of Confucius and Mencius. Confucius was honored as "the most holy" and "the king of vegetarian food", while Ceng Zi was a saint and Mencius was a "sub-saint". His words and deeds were written by his students as the Analects of Confucius, a masterpiece of creation. He is also the most famous cultural celebrity in the world. Is the founder of the Confucian school.
However, Mr. Yang Chengjun, another kind of handsome theory, "anti-Confucius elite", thinks that Confucius is useless. However, another theory, Mr. Yang Zhengzheng, thinks that Yang Chengjun is useless, and his behavior is purely grandstanding.
Confucius is well versed in Zhouyi, and is said to be the author of Ten Wings. Confucius was the first person in ancient China to break through the religious attitude towards natural landscapes. I love nature more. Nature includes disasters, earthquakes, tornadoes, the extinction of dinosaurs, etc., and natural landscapes are good feng shui that lasts forever. He put forward that "the knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan" (The Analects of Confucius is Yong Ye)
Historical Records
Political Career
Confucius was extremely intelligent and studious when he was young. By the age of twenty, he was already very knowledgeable and was praised by people at that time as a "learned gift". At the same time, little-known is that Confucius inherited the bravery of his father, Shu Liangqi, who was 9 feet 6 inches tall, more than 1.9 meters today, specifically 196.8cm. The arm strength is extraordinary, far from the image of a weak scholar that some people think in later generations. Moreover, Confucius was an extraordinary drinker and was said to have never been drunk. But Confucius never prided himself on being brave and drinking. Confucius in film and television works has wanted to take a career since he was in his twenties, so he is very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about many problems of governing the country, and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 3 years old, he was already famous. In the twentieth year of Lu Zhaogong, Qi Jinggong summoned Confucius when he visited Lu, and discussed with him the problem of Qin Mugong's hegemony, from which Confucius got to know Qi Jinggong. In the 25th year of Lu Zhaogong, there was civil strife in Lu, and Lu Zhaogong was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu and went to Qi, where he was appreciated and treated well by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nixi to Confucius, but was blocked by the doctor Yan Ying. In the 27 th year of Lu Zhaogong, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard about it, he asked Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old, and I can use it." Confucius had to flee back to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, and it was called "accompanying the minister to run the state affairs". Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave it up until Lu Dinggong was appointed as Zhongduzai in 9 years, when Confucius was 51 years old. Confucius ruled Zhongdu (now Wenshang County) for one year, with outstanding achievements, and was promoted to a small sikong, and soon he was promoted to a big sheep herder, taking photos and taking care of the state of Lu. In the 12th year of Lu Dinggong, Confucius took measures to weaken Sanhuan (Ji Sun, Shu Sun Shi and Meng Sun Shi were descendants of Lu Huangong's three sons, so it was called Sanhuan. At that time, the state power of Lu was actually in their hands, and some retainers of Sanhuan controlled Sanhuan to varying degrees) (that is, the castle built by Sanhuan was demolished). Later, the actions of the three capitals were abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and Sanhuan was also exposed. In the 13th year of Lu Dinggong, Qi sent 8 beautiful women to Lu, and Ji Sun accepted female music. The monarch and his subjects were obsessed with singing and dancing, and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon Lu held a suburban sacrifice, and after the sacrifice, he did not send the meat to Confucius as usual, which showed that Ji did not want to hire him any more. Confucius had to leave Lu to find a way out in a foreign country and began a journey around the world. This year,
Confucius took his disciples to Weiguo first, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. He was given a salary of 6, yuan according to the salary standard of Lu, but he was not given any official position and was not allowed to participate in political affairs. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 1 months. Because someone slandered him in front of Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged by people for 5 days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, arrived in Pudi, and met the noble uncle of Weiguo who launched a rebellion and was besieged again. After his escape, Confucius returned to defend the country. Wei Linggong was very happy when he heard that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Pudi, and went out to meet him personally. Since then, Confucius has left the country several times and returned to it several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong was good or bad to Confucius; on the other hand, after Confucius left the country, he had no place to go and had to return.
In the second year of Lu Aigong (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left the country and went to the State of Chen through Cao, Song and Zheng. So the laborers besieged Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in front and the shops in the back. After eating all the food they brought, they were starved for seven days. Finally, Zi Gong found the Chu people, and Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, and Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64, and was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68 with the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, but he was still respected but not used. Lu Aigong was 16 years old, and Confucius was 73 years old. He fell ill and died.
When he was 62 years old, Confucius once described himself like this: "He is a human being, he forgets to eat in anger, he is happy to forget his worries, and he doesn't know that he is getting old." At that time, Confucius had led his disciples to travel around the world for nine years, and went through hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of governors, but he almost died. However, Confucius did not give up because of difficulties, and he was still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it.
Be content with poverty
Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich and expensive is like a cloud to me". In Confucius' mind, doing righteousness is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between the rich and the poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. However, his peace and happiness can not be regarded as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain the Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; If you don't take the road, you won't get it anywhere. Poverty and meanness are what people hate; If you don't take the road, you won't go. " "Rich and available, although the whip, I also do it. If you can't ask for it, do what I want. "
Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching others
Confucius is famous for his eagerness to learn and his keen interest in all kinds of knowledge. Therefore, he was versatile and knowledgeable, and he was famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint. But Confucius himself did not think so. Confucius said, "If you are holy and benevolent, how dare I?" Never tire of it, never tire of teaching people. " Confucius learned that there is no regular teacher. Whoever has knowledge and what he doesn't know will worship him as a teacher. Therefore, he said, "In a threesome, there must be my teacher. Choose the good one and follow it, and change the bad one."
Go straight
Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "If I am to others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you have a reputation, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. " "Historical Records" recorded that Confucius had asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Lao Tzu gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to the dead, and good at discussing people. Debate the vast number of people who are in danger, and those who are evil are also. Those who are sons should not have their own, and those who are ministers should not have their own. " This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some faults of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people in position and bringing great danger to himself. With the idea of being kind to others, Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a very kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "The beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of an adult, but the villain is." Bow from the thick and thin blame others ",etc., are his life criteria.
political thoughts
Confucius belongs to China and Confucianism belongs to the world. Confucius is the founder of Confucianism in China. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been regarded as an orthodox discipline by the rulers of past dynasties, and even as the standard of Ren Xian's energy use, its influence has lasted for thousands of years.
zi Linchuan said, "the deceased is like a husband, and he doesn't give up day and night."
Confucius' family
According to Historical Records-Confucius' Family, Confucius' ancestors were descendants of Shang Dynasty. After the destruction of Shang Dynasty in Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Chengwang named Kong Decheng, the 77th descendant of Confucius, Shang Zhouwang's ordinary brother, loyal to Shang Dynasty, in Song Dynasty. Its capital is Shangqiu (now Shangqiu, Henan). After the death of Wei Ziqi, his younger brother Weizhong ascended the throne, and Weizhong was the ancestor of Confucius. Confucius' sixth ancestor was Kong Fujia, a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He was a fu and was killed in the civil strife in the court. Since Kong Fujia, his descendants began to take Kong as their surname. His great-grandfather, Uncle Kong Fangshu, fled from Song to Lu in order to escape the civil strife in Song. From then on, Kong settled in Qiaoyi and became a Lu native.
Confucius' father is Shu Liang Ge (Shu Liang is the word, Ge is the name, and his mother is Yan Zhizai). Shu Liangge was a famous warrior in the state of Lu at that time. He had outstanding personality, and he had made two military exploits. He was famous for holding the hanging door with one arm to let the troops who rushed into the city withdraw. He used to be a doctor in Qiaoyi. Shu Liangge married Shi first, and gave birth to 9 daughters and no children. He took another concubine and gave birth to a son, named Bernie, also known as Meng Pi. There was something wrong with Meng Pi's feet, so it was not appropriate to inherit according to the etiquette at that time, so he gave birth to Confucius with a young woman, Yan Zhizai. In 551 BC (the twenty-second year of Duke Xiang of Lu), Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child in Niqiu Mountain, it was named Qiu and the word Zhong Ni. When Confucius was three years old, Shu Liangge died, and Confucius' mother and son were not accepted by Shi (the wife of Shu Liangge). Confucius' mother Yan Zhizai had to move to Qufu Que with Confucius and Meng Pi, and life was difficult. When Confucius was 17 years old, his mother Yan Zhizai died, and he served three years of mourning.
when Confucius was 19 years old, he married an official from the Song Dynasty. One year later, the official gave birth to a son. Lu Zhaogong sent someone to congratulate him. Confucius felt very honored, so he named his son carp, the word Bo Fish. In the tenth year of Lu Aigong (485 BC), Mrs. Confucius died.
chronology of life
1 year old: Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) on September 28th in 551 BC (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu). There are two kinds of records about the date of Confucius' birth, with a difference of one year. Today, from Historical Records of Confucius' Family.
2 years old: In 55 BC (the 23rd year of Duke Xiang of Lu), Confucius was in Lu.
3 years old: In 549 BC (the 24th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), his father Shu Liang died and was buried in Fangshan (25 miles east of Qufu today). Yan Zhizai, Confucius' mother, moved to Qufu Queli with her son and had a hard life.
4 years old: In 548 BC (the 25th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), Confucius was in Lu.
5 years old: Qin Shangsheng, a disciple of Confucius in 547 BC (the 26th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), was born in Lu.
6 years old: Ceng Dian, a disciple in 546 BC (the 27th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), was born in Braille, the father of Zeng Shen.
7 years old: In 545 BC (the 28th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), his disciple Yan Yao was born, also known as Wu Yao, and he was the father of Yan Yuan.
8 years old: In 544 BC (the 29th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), his disciple Ran Gengsheng was born in the state of Lu.
9 years old: In 543 BC (the 3th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), Confucius was in Lu. In this year, Zheng Guozi came to power, "making everyone have a chapter, a suit from top to bottom, a seal in the field, and a well in the well." ("Thirty Years of Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong") Zheng Guozhi. Later, Confucius spoke highly of Zi Chan's achievements.
1 years old: In 542 BC (the 31st year of Duke Xiang of Lu), disciple Zhong Yousheng was born in Zizilu, a native of Bian. When Duke Xiang of Lu died, his son Zhou succeeded to the throne for Zhao Gong's sake.
11 years old: Confucius was in Lu in 541 BC (the first year of Lu Zhaogong).
12-year-old: disciple Qidiao Kai was born in 54 BC (the second year of Lu Zhaogong), whose name was Zi Ruo, and he was born in Cai.
13 years old: Confucius was in Lu in 539 BC (the third year of Lu Zhaogong).
15-year-old: In 537 BC (the fifth year of Lu Zhaogong), Confucius became more and more mature, and he realized that he should study hard the skills of being a man and living, so he said, "Five out of ten I am determined to learn". ("The Analects? Governance ")
at the age of p>16, Zheng Zhu was sentenced to death in 536 BC (the sixth year of Lu Zhaogong). Disciple Min Shousheng was born in Lu.
17 years old: Yan Zhizai, Confucius, died in 535 BC (the seventh year of Lu Zhaogong). It's the year. Ji's family gave a banquet to the first-class nobles, and Confucius went to the banquet, but Yang Hu, the family minister of Ji's family, turned him away.
19 years old: In 533 BC (the ninth year of Lu Zhaogong), Confucius married the daughter of a Song Dynasty official.
2 years old: In 532 BC (the tenth year of Emperor Zhao of Lu), an official gave birth. It is said that this time coincided with Lu Zhaogong's gift of carp to Confucius, so he named his son carp, the word Bo fish. It was in that year that Confucius began to be a Commissioner and manage the warehouse.
21-year-old: In 531 BC (the 11th year of Lu Zhaogong), Confucius changed to farming to manage animal husbandry. Confucius said, "I am cheap because I am few, so I can be contemptuous."
27-year-old, in 525 BC (the 17th year of Emperor Zhao of Lu), Tan Zi faced Lu, and Confucius asked Tan Zi about the ancient official system of the country. Confucius started private schools before and after.
3 years old: It has been more than 15 years since I was 15 years old in 522 BC (the twentieth year of Lu Zhaogong). Confucius has stood firm in the society through hard work, so the cloud "stands at 3". The Analects of Confucius was a visit to Lu by Qi Jinggong and Yan Ying in. Qi Jinggong met with Confucius and discussed with him why Qin Mugong dominated. Disciples Yan Hui, ran yong, Ran Qiu, Shang Qu and Liang? Health. Hui Zi Yuan, Yong Zi Zhong Gong, Qiu Zi You, Qu Zi Mu, all Lu people; ? The word uncle fish, Qi people.
31 years old: disciples Mashi Wu, Gao Chai and Mi Qi were born in 521 BC (the 21st year of Lu Zhaogong). In the sub-period of Shizi, Chen Guoren; Chai Zizi is tall and Qi is a native; Uneven word base, Lu people.
32 years old: Duanmu Ci, a disciple in 52 BC (twenty-two years of Lu Zhaogong), was born and endowed with Zi Gong, a patriotic man.
34 years old: In 518 BC (twenty-four years of Lu Zhaogong), Meng Yizi and Nangong Jingshu learned from Confucius. According to legend, Confucius and Uncle Jingnan of Nangong paid tribute to their old employees and asked them to be happy with Changhong.
35 years old: In 517 BC (twenty-five years of Lu Zhaogong), there was civil strife in Lu. "Historical Records of Confucius' Family" says: "Zhao Gong led the division to attack (season) Ping Zi, Ping Zi and Meng Sun Shi and Uncle Sun Shi attacked Zhao Gong, and Zhao Gong was defeated and ran together." Confucius also went to Qi in this year.
36 years old, in 516 BC (the 26th year of Lu Zhaogong), Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father, son". Confucius was appreciated by Qi Jinggong, and Jing Gong wanted to seal Confucius with the field of Nixi, but Yan Zi stopped him. Confucius was so intoxicated when he heard Shao in Qi that he didn't know the taste of meat in March.
37 years old: 515 BC (twenty-seven years of Lu Zhaogong)