Su Xun’s Classical Chinese Essays
1. Translator of the classical Chinese "History of the Song Dynasty. Su Xun Biography"
Original text: Or: "Opportunities are used by entrepreneurs to help their ears. In the world of success, they Are you willing to take advantage of your husband's confidant? "Oh! Can the world of Shoucheng be as prosperous as the ancient world? No, I haven't seen the opportunity to go.
The changes in the world are always in danger. Tian Wen said that "the country is in danger when the son is young, and the ministers are not attached." At this time, it is heartbreaking to have no loyal ministers! In the past, at the end of Emperor Gaozu's reign, the world was established, and Zhou Bo left behind Xiaohui and Xiaowen; at the end of Emperor Wu, the world was already in order, and Huo Guang left behind Xiaozhao and Xiaoxuan. Although the world is covered by the power of Mount Tai, the sage always has tired eggs as his heart. Therefore, although he maintains the world of success, his loyal ministers cannot leave.
"The Biography" says: "All the officials have listened to the tomb master." The tomb master is not a trusted minister. How can the emperor entrust the affairs of the world to him and not doubt the evil in the three years? He also said: "It takes five years to go hunting."
That unfaithful minister comes out every five years and donates a thousand miles of land, but who will keep the evil? There must be elders in my husband's family, and close friends among the nobles, who can be open-minded and help with emergencies. How can the emperor not have a loyal minister? In modern times, the kings resisted the superiors, and made the prime ministers ignore the inferiors. They did not connect the superiors and the inferiors, and their ambitions were blocked. The ministers regard the king as distant as the heavens, yet unapproachable, while the king views people as the heavens, with no love at all.
This is because the country is worried about it, but he does not think it is a worry. The king is worried but will not be humiliated, and the king will not be humiliated until death. If one person praises it, he will use it; if one person destroys it, he will abandon it.
The prime minister avoids suspicion and is afraid of ridicule and has no time, so why should he devote himself to worrying about the country? After many moves and changes, the prime minister's residence is regarded as a passing residence. There are hundreds of officials below, but the emperor is alone (qióng: the same as "蕕".
No brothers, lonely) above. Once there is the worry of death, I have never seen him die without being bumpy. . A sage treats him as a close servant, respects him as his father and master, loves him as a brother, holds his hand in his bed, lives and sleeps with him, talks about everything he knows, and talks about everything he knows.
If a hundred people praise you, do not encrypt it; if a hundred people destroy it, do not neglect it; respect your nobility, generous salary, and value your power, and then you can discuss the world's opportunities with you and consider the changes in the world. Prime Minister Han Qi saw his book and was good at it. He reported it to the court and summoned him to the imperial examination. However, he failed to show up, so he dismissed his secretary, Provincial School Secretary.
Hui Taichang compiled the rites since Jianlong, and he was the chief registrar of Wen'an County in Bazhou. He also compiled the rites with Yao Pi, the magistrate of Xiangcheng in Chenzhou, and compiled them into one hundred volumes of "Taichang Yinge Li". The book was completed, but the memorial was not reported and he died.
He was given a family ring and two hundred silver. Zishi gave it to him in words and asked for an official gift. He especially gave it to the Prime Minister of Guanglu Temple, and ordered a boat to carry him back to Shu in mourning. There are twenty volumes of collected works and three volumes of "Posthumous Methods".
Translation: Some people will say: "The so-called scheming can only be used by entrepreneurial kings. As a conservative world, why do gentlemen need to make things so mysterious? Why do they need to trust their confidants? ?" This is really a sad and deplorable argument. Can our current age be compared with the ancient age? No, this means that scheming is necessary. Moreover, changes in the world often occur in the so-called peaceful and prosperous times, as Tian Wen said: "The country is in danger when the son is young and the ministers are not attached."
Isn't it chilling to see such a situation without trusted ministers? ? In the past, the world was already stable before the death of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, but Liu Bang still asked Zhou Bo to assist Emperor Xiaohui and Emperor Xiaowen. Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died, the world was already in great order, but he also ordered Huo Guang to be a confidant of Emperor Xiao Zhao and Emperor Xiao Xuan.
Even if the world has the stability of Mount Tai, saints often worry about being exhausted. It can be seen from this that in the world of Shou Cheng, a saint must not do without his confidants.
"Zuo Zhuan" said: "Every official will listen to the prime minister." If the prime minister is not a trusted minister, how can the emperor entrust him with the management of the world's major affairs and not doubt him for three years? ? "Zuo Zhuan" also said: "There is a hunting tour every five years."
If the emperor has no confidants, how can he safely leave the capital thousands of miles away during his routine patrol every five years. Who does he want to protect the capital for him? Nowadays, there must be an elder in the family, and a poor man must have close friends, so that he can open his mind and help with his needs.
Why shouldn’t the emperor have trusted ministers? In recent times, some kings were so majestic that they made prime ministers obey orders from below. There is a clear line between monarch and ministers, and there is no communication between superiors and subordinates.
The ministers looked at the king as if he were as far away as the stars in the sky and could not get close to him, and the king looked down on his ministers as if he were in the sky, with no caress in his heart. This can easily lead to a situation: when the country is worried, the ministers do not feel worried; when the monarch is worried, the ministers do not feel humiliated; when the monarch is insulted, the ministers do not die for the monarch.
In addition, monarchs in modern times did not have their own standards for employing people. If someone said someone was good, he would appoint him immediately, while if someone said someone was not good, he would let him go immediately. In this atmosphere, as the prime minister, it was too late for him to avoid suspicion and ridicule. How could he have time to concentrate on worrying about state affairs? The external situation is unpredictable, and the trust and doubt are uncertain, which makes the prime minister regard the prime minister's house as a passing residence.
With hundreds of officials at the bottom and the emperor at the top, once there is an emergency, the monarch and his ministers will be displaced or even killed. Therefore, I believe that when a saint appoints his trusted ministers, he should respect them as his father and master, and love them as brothers. There should be no suspicion or taboo between them. They should live and sleep together, share everything they know, and talk about everything they know. Hundreds of people will praise him. I am like this. Hundreds of people I do the same thing when I slander him, but I still make him have a noble title, a generous salary, and full power, and then discuss with him the secrets of the country, and consider the affairs of the world together.
Prime Minister Han Qi admired Su Xun's article very much after seeing it, and reported the article to the court. Therefore, Su Xun was summoned to the hospital for examination, but he did not arrive because of illness. So he was appointed secretary and provincial school secretary.
At that time, Taichang was in the process of compiling the books of rites since Jianlong, so Su Xun was appointed as the chief administrator of Wen'an County in Bazhou, and he worked with Yao Pi, the magistrate of Xiangcheng in Chenzhou, to compile the books of rites and write them. One hundred volumes of "Taichang Yinge Li" were completed. Unfortunately, after the book was completed, Su Xun passed away just after it was submitted and no response was received. The emperor specially gave his family 200 pieces of silk and silver, but his son Su Shi dismissed the money and only asked for an official position. Therefore, the emperor specially gave Su Xun the title of Prime Minister of Guanglu Temple and ordered the relevant departments to ship Su Xun's family home. The body was transported back to Sichuan.
Su Xun has twenty volumes of collected works and three volumes of "Posthumous Methods". 2. Su Xun's classical Chinese essay of about 200 words
Su Xun's "On the Six Kingdoms":
The six kingdoms were destroyed because of the failure of the army and bad fighting, and the disadvantage was bribery of Qin. Bribing Qin and losing its strength is the way to destruction. Or say: The six countries lost each other and took Qin Ye to bribe him? Said: Those who don't bribe will lose with bribes. They will lose strong support and cannot finish alone. Therefore, it is said: The disadvantage lies in bribing Qin.
In addition to attacking Qin, if it is a small one, it will win a town, and if it is a large one, it will win a city. Compared with Qin's gains, those who won from victory were actually a hundred times as much as those who won from victory; the deaths of princes were actually a hundred times as much as those who lost in defeat. Then the great desires of Qin and the great troubles of the princes are not in war. Si Jue's ancestor, exposed to the frost and dew, cut down the thorns to have a sizeable land. The descendants do not cherish it and give it to others, just like discarding grass and mustard. Cut five cities today, cut ten cities tomorrow, and then have to sleep well overnight. He started to look around the surrounding areas, and the Qin soldiers arrived again. However, the land of the princes is limited, and the desire to tyrannize the Qin is insatiable, and the envoys become more numerous, and the invasion becomes more urgent. Therefore, the victory between the strong and the weak has been determined without fighting. As for subversion, that's natural. The ancients said: "The Qin is a matter of land, just like holding firewood to put out a fire. If the firewood is not exhausted, the fire will never be extinguished." This is true.
The people of Qi did not try to bribe Qin, but after the five kingdoms were finally removed and destroyed, why? It is to win but not to help the five countries. The five countries were in mourning, and Qi was also in mourning. The rulers of Yan and Zhao had long-term strategies, were able to defend their land, and would not bribe Qin with justice. Therefore, although Yan was a small country and then perished, this was due to the effectiveness of its military. Zhi Dan took Jing Qing as a plan and soon caused disaster. Zhao Chang fought against Qin five times, losing two and winning three. Later Qin attacked Zhao again, but Li Mulian resisted. Jie Mu was punished for slander, and Handan was made a county. It was a pity that he used force but did not end. Moreover, when the Qin Revolution at Yanzhao was completely destroyed, it could be said that their intelligence was lonely and they were defeated and perished. They had no choice but to do so. The Three Kingdoms each love their own land, Qi people should not be attached to Qin, assassins can not do it, but good generals are still there, then the number of winners and losers, and the principles of survival, should be compared with Qin, or it may not be easy to measure.
Woohoo! By bribing the land of Qin, making the world's advisers, serving Qin's heart, paying tribute to the world's talents, and striving to the west, I fear that the people of Qin will not be able to swallow its food. Sad husband! With such a trend, it was robbed by the Qin people's accumulated prestige. The sun and the moon cut off, and they tended to perish.
Those who serve the country without envoys will be robbed by those who accumulate prestige!
The Six Kingdoms and Qin are both vassals. Their power is weaker than that of Qin, but they still have the potential to win without bribery. Gou thinks that the world is so big, and the story of the ruin from the Six Kingdoms is that it is under the Six Kingdoms again.
"Forty Rhymes of Yan Shu":
Ren Jun came from the north and produced the "Pizhou Stele". I wrote it because it was written by Lu Gong, and I will not leave you alone. Duke Lu was a true hero, generous and loyal. Recalling that at the end of Tianbao, he became a Yuyang master. Warriors dare not take the lead, but Confucian scholars hold the banner of righteousness. Thanks to dozens of counties, they fought against the Qiang and Yi. The new momentum is still weak, but Huma's power has not weakened. It's amazing how many sighs you can't win with your troops. Brother Gao died in Changshan, and the martyr was full of tears. If Lu Gong has no mortal enemies, the world will be prosperous. Why don't you love to death and step on the whale's fin again? You are not afraid of death, but I am really sad about that time. I miss you so much, but it's a pity that I was born too late. I have come across a different theory recently, and I don’t know who the author is. It is strange that Mr. Yun is not dead. "Maybe Yun Gong's corpse will be solved." Although he is killed, he is not dead. 〉Mostly in the world, everyone is a public thinker. With the state of immortality, I can comfort this pain and lament. I want to cry at the cemetery, so vast and unknowable. Love the traces of his life, often left behind. This word comes from Gong's hand, and when you see it, you will sigh. The official is not good at writing, and his pen and ink are full of confusion. Thinking about his life, how could he bear to abandon Lu Qi? This word is quite strange, with a majestic appearance. The horse is deep and stable, and the bones are old and broken. Dot painting is in harmony, and the relationship is not inconsistent. It is like a human body, with nose, mouth, ears, eyes and eyebrows. They have different appearances from each other, and they are interconnected. Separate from the stars in the sky, separation is like separation. The left and right sides make up for themselves, or fight with the dustpan. The bones are tight and the body is heavy, so there is no danger of placement. The seal tripod has a big belly, and the high house has no weak lintel. Ancient utensils should be in compliance with the standards, and legal objects should be in order. Think about it when he started writing, he was solemn and not inferior. Wouldn't it be nice for Yuliu to end the troubles? The brushwork is not out of vulgarity, but mediocre hands still dare to take a look. When I see this word, I have nothing to do with paper. A cart can carry hundreds of trees, and a catty ax can easily move them. The bright moon shines round and round, trying to draw the shape ends up not being the same. Who knows that loyalty and righteousness are as strong as this? Therefore, several pieces of paper made me sigh. 3. Introduction to Su Xun
Su Xun
Name: Su Xun, Laoquan, courtesy name Mingyun
Gender: Male
Year of birth and death ：1009-1066
Dynasty: Song Dynasty
Literary period: Song Dynasty literature
School: Three Su, Tang and Song Dynasties Eight Great Masters
Representative works: Theory of Power and Book Balance
Biography
Essayist of the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his sons Su Shi and Su Che, they are collectively known as the "Three Sus", and they are both included in the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". The courtesy name is Mingyun and the nickname is Laoquan. A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan).
It is said that he only started studying hard at the age of 27. After more than ten years of studying hard behind closed doors, he made great progress in his studies. In the first year of Renzong Jiayou's reign (1056), he led Su Shi and Su Che to Bianjing to pay a visit to Ouyang Xiu, a scholar of the Imperial Academy. Ouyang Xiu admired his "Book of Quan", "Lun of Heng", "Several Strategies" and other articles, and thought they were comparable to those of Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and officials rushed to recite it, and its reputation became very popular. In the third year of Jiayou's reign, Renzong summoned him to take the examination in Sherenyuan. He refused to answer the call because he was ill. In the fifth year of Jiayou's reign, he was appointed as secretary and provincial school secretary. Later, he and Yao □, the county magistrate of Chenzhou Xiangcheng (now part of Henan), studied the book of rites "Taichang Yinge Li". Shortly after the book was completed, he died and was given posthumously to the Prime Minister of Guanglu Temple.
Su Xun is a person with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition was to "express what is important in the world today" and to "give it to the present." In important treatises such as "Heng Lun" and "Letter from the Emperor", he put forward a set of propositions for political innovation. He believes that in order to govern the country well, we must "assess the situation" and "determine what we want to do." He advocated "promoting prestige", strengthening the administration of officials, breaking the spirit of sloppiness and laziness, inspiring the enterprising spirit of the people in the world, and revitalizing the Song Dynasty. Because Su Xun had a good understanding of social reality and was good at summarizing historical experiences and lessons and drawing lessons from the past, although his political essays inevitably contained far-fetched and biased views, many of his views were still relevant to the current situation.
Zeng Gong said that Su Xun was "quite fond of talking about military affairs." Su Xun's 10 "Book of Quan", the "Judgement of the Enemy" chapter in "Several Strategies", the "Royal General" and "Military System" chapters in "Heng Lun", as well as the "Book of the Privy Council of Shanghan", "Control of the Enemy" " and "Book of the Emperor" both discussed military issues. In the famous "On the Six Kingdoms", he believed that the failure of the Six Kingdoms was caused by bribing Qin.
In fact, he used the past to satirize the present and accused the Song Dynasty of its humiliating policies. "Examination of the Enemy" further reveals that the essence of this policy of bribing the enemy is to harm the people. "Military System" puts forward ideas such as reforming the military system, restoring military examinations, and trusting generals. "Book of Power" systematically studies strategic and tactical issues. In "Xiang Ji", he pointed out Xiang Ji's strategic mistake of not taking advantage of the victory to attack Xianyang. He also emphasized strategic and tactical principles such as avoiding the real and attacking the weak, attacking the weak with the strong, making good use of surprise and suspicious troops, fighting a decisive battle quickly, and winning by surprise.
Su Xun's lyrical prose is not many, but there are also excellent chapters. In "Sending Shi Changyan to the North as Envoy", he hoped that his friend Shi Changyan, who was on an envoy to Khitan, would not be afraid of the enemy, despise the enemy, and write with great momentum. "Portraits of Zhang Yizhou" narrates Zhang Fangping's deeds in governing Yizhou, creating an image of a feudal official who was tolerant of government and loved the people. "Wooden Rockery" uses objects to express feelings, praising a kind of self-reliance and upright spirit.
Su Xun's prose has clear arguments, powerful arguments, sharp language, unbridled and eloquent persuasion. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "eloquent and magnificent arguments", "up and down, up and down, in and out, he must create something profound and then stop" ("Epitaph of Su Jun, the Chief Secretary of Wen'an County, Bazhou"); Zeng Gong also commented that his articles "point to things" "Analysis of principles, introduction of metaphors", "Annoyance can not cause chaos, wantonness can not flow" ("Su Mingyun's Lament"), these statements are relatively pertinent. The artistic style is mainly majestic and full of changes. Some articles are known for their twists and turns. In "Shangtian Privy Book", Su Xun also commented that his writing has "the excellence and softness of a poet, the purity and profundity of a poet, the gentleness and simplicity of Meng and Han, the majesty of Qian and Gu, and the simplicity and simplicity of Sun and Wu." The language of his articles is simple and concise, concise and meaningful; but sometimes he can elaborate and compare, and he is especially good at making vivid metaphors. For example, "Brother Zhong Zi Wenfu Shuo" uses the interaction of Feng Shui to describe a natural description, that is, An example.
Su Xun’s essays also contain many insightful insights. He opposed the flashy and weird contemporary prose and advocated the study of ancient prose; he emphasized that articles should "get my heart" and write "what is in my heart"; he advocated that articles should be "written with purpose" and "words must reflect the faults of the world." He also discussed the common requirements and different writing methods of different literary styles. He is particularly good at evaluating the styles and artistic features of various prose works through comparison. For example, "The First Book of Ouyang Neihan" has very accurate comments on the articles of Mencius, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu.
Su Xun did not write many poems, but he was good at writing about the Five Ancients, which was simple and vigorous. Ye Mengde, a native of the Song Dynasty, commented that his poems are "profound and interesting, and his words are not in vain, just like his prose" ("Shilin Poetry Talk"). His "Ouyang Yongshu White Rabbit", "Yishan Farewell", "Yan Shu", "Reply to the Second Ren", "Two Poems of Farewell to Wu Daizhi Zhong Fuzhi Tanzhou", etc. are all excellent works, but their overall achievements are far behind. inferior to prose.
Su Xun's works were popular in many editions during the Song Dynasty. Most of them were originally lost. What survives today are the fragments of the "Collected Works of Lao Su, Lei Bian Zengguang" published in the Northern Song Dynasty. The popular editions include the shadow version of the Song Dynasty "Sibu Congkan" and the 15 volumes of "Jiayou Collection".
Writers of the same period
Zeng Gong, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Su Che 4. Translation of classical Chinese essays by Wang Yiming
I have recently begun to learn to read, and I have devoted myself to observing Ouyang Xiu. , a collection of essays by Su Xun, Zeng Gong, Chen Liang, and Lu You. Every time I read an article, my heart palpitates and my mouth ache, and I think I am not literate. However, my nature is intolerant of tranquility, and before I finish reading the poem, I have already tired my horse, which encourages young people to go on a trip, or to spend the whole day playing in beautiful mountains and rivers.
I should blame myself for being so stubborn and dull. What should I accomplish? I will use a maid ④ to self-prison. If you are a little tired from studying, you will be scolded, or you may lift your ears, knock your head, or rub your nose. You must wake up quickly and then stop. "If a maid fails to live up to her destiny, she will be punished. If you get used to it over time, you will gradually get used to studying hard. If the ancients understand the meaning of one or two, they will howl and jump like a thirsty deer running towards the spring! Cao Gong said: "I am old and eager to learn. , Wei Wu and Yuan Boye. ⑤"You should know that reading is also difficult.
(Excerpt from Yuan Daohong, author of "Reply to Wang Yiming")
Notes ① Mouth: Opening the mouth and unable to close it, describing being shocked. ②帙: Volume. ③Lei Ma: lead the horse, prepare the horse. ⑤Yuan Boye: Yuan Shao's elder brother, courtesy name Boye.
He started to study hard recently. I read the collected works of Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Zeng Gong, Chen Liang, Lu You and others.
Every time I read an article, my heart beat in shock, I couldn't close my mouth, and I thought I was still illiterate. But I can't stand loneliness. Before I finish reading a book, I call for people to prepare horses and urge my young friends to go out. Sometimes when I encounter beautiful mountains and rivers, I spend the whole day exploring them.
After coming back, I blame myself for being so stubborn and stupid. What achievements will I make in the future? So he asked a maid to supervise him. When I feel sleepy while studying, he will scold me, sometimes pulling my ears, sometimes knocking my head, sometimes scratching my nose, until he wakes me up. "The maid didn't do what I ordered, so I punished her. As time went by, I gradually got used to studying hard. Sometimes when I understood one or two things about the exquisite thoughts of the ancients, I would howl and jump like a thirsty deer running towards me. Spring water! Cao Cao once said: "I am still eager to learn when I am old, only Yuan Yi (named Boye) and I. "You should know that reading is also difficult. 5. Answers to the classical Chinese version of Su Shi's "Autumn Sound" "Drunkard", also known as "Liu Yi Jushi" in his later years, together with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, and Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty, are known as the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
2. Collation of classical Chinese vocabulary: (64 points) 1. Explanation of ancient and modern synonyms: (1) Its appearance is clear and bright, the sky is high and the sun is crystal clear: clear, clear and pure (2) Things that are too abundant should be killed and killed: they must decline (3) Those who are black are stars: little white hairs 2. Use phenomena in descriptive sentences and explain them: (1) Ouyang Zifang’s reading night: famous works, at night (2) Heaven is to things, spring and autumn Reality: name action, fruitfulness (3) Feeling all kinds of worries, feeling in the heart: making? feel (4) Everything is labored by its form: making? tired 3. Explain other key words: (1) Hear the sound coming from the southwest The person is frightened and horrified to hear it: the look of fear (2) is also like a soldier going to the enemy, running fast with his medal in his hand: run quickly (3) is the remaining force of his energy: the remaining power (4) If it moves in the middle, it will be shaken. In the heart: in the heart.
(5) Whoever wants to kill a thief, how can he hate the sound of autumn! I sighed but heard: I only heard that (7) its air is chestnut, and it hurts the muscles and bones of people: stinging (8) its color is pale, with smoke and clouds gathering: dense appearance (9) Ouyang Zifang's reading method at night: Positive 4. Explanation of function words: (1) Hearing a sound coming from the southwest, he was horrified and listened to modify the conjunction (2) The first pattering was accompanied by Xiao Sa, and suddenly it rushed and banged to express the coordinating conjunction, and (3) The grass was lush and green. Strive for luxuriance, the beautiful trees are lush and lush, which can be expressed as a coordinating conjunction, and (4) the color of the grass changes when brushing it, and the leaves of the trees fall off as they are touched, which expresses the following conjunction, which means (5) things are old and sad, things are too abundant and should be killed Expressing the following conjunction, 1/3 of Baidu Wenku User Prize Survey (6) Boy is not correct, hanging his head and sleeping indicates the person who modifies the conjunction (1) Ouyang Zifang was reading at night, and hearing the sound coming from the southwest indicates the postposition of attributive, particle (2) The person who is suitable for its bright red color is the haggard wood, and the person who is black and white is the pronoun of stars, which refers to the hair. (3) The reason why it destroys the scattered ones is that it expresses the tone of judgment with a strong breath. The particle is (1) the first patter of rain. With Xiao Sa, suddenly galloping and banging, the coordinating conjunction is equivalent to "er" (2) It refers to the loyalty of heaven and earth, which is often chilled and the heart is: preposition, handle (3) Nai He is not of the quality of gold and stone, and desires To compete with the grass and trees for glory: preposition, by, use it (1) to cover the autumn of the year as a form: to go alone, without translation (2) when the grass brushes it, its color changes, and when the tree touches it, its leaves fall off: pronoun, Refers to the autumn wind (3) It refers to the loyalty of heaven and earth, which is often taken as the heart: Particle, (4) In addition, I think about what my power cannot do, and worry about what my wisdom cannot do: go alone, not translated 3. Explain the following Sentence characteristics of the sentence: (5 points) 1. Ouyang Zifang was reading at night and heard a voice coming from the southwest. (Attributive postposition) 2. The reason why it destroys the scattered ones is because of the remaining power of its energy.
(Judgment sentence) 3. Shang means injury. (Judgement sentence) 4. Huqiu is also a criminal officer.
(Judgment sentence) 5. Why are you here? (Prepositional sentence of introduction) 4. Translated sentences: (13 points) 1. Those who hear the sound coming from the southwest are horrified and listen to it. (2 points) - Hearing a sound coming from the southwest, he couldn't help but listen in horror. 2. All worries are felt in his heart, and everything takes its shape. If something moves in it, it will shake its essence.
(3 points) ——All kinds of sad things make his mind feel. Endless things make his body tired and tired. If something touches his heart, it will inevitably deplete his energy. . 3. Moreover, if you think about what your strength cannot do, and worry about what your wisdom cannot do, it is better to call the bright and elixir-colored wood a gaunt tree, and the black and white one to be a star.
(3 points) ——Not to mention thinking about things that cannot be done by strength and worrying about problems that cannot be solved by wisdom. This will, of course, make his rosy and youthful face become as old as dead wood, and stars of white hair will appear in his shiny black hair.
4. The grass is lush and green, and the beautiful trees are lush and pleasant. The color of grass changes when brushed against it, and the leaves of trees fall off when touched.
(3 points) ——(Summer) The lush green grass competes with each other and thrives; the tall trees are green and lush, which is pleasant. The grass changes color when the autumn wind blows, and the leaves of the trees fall off when the autumn wind blows.
5. The reason why it destroys the scattered ones is because of the remaining strength of its energy. (2 points) 2/3 - The reason why they decline and fall is because of the lingering power of autumn.
5. Read the text and answer the questions (key points): (12 points) 1. What scenery is depicted in the first natural paragraph? How is it depicted? What are the benefits of writing this way? (3 points) Answer: Autumn sound. From an auditory perspective, using metaphors, the sound of autumn is overwhelming and fierce.
Visual metaphors use the tangible to describe the intangible, turning the imaginary into reality, writing the shape of the sound of autumn, and eliciting the author's sad autumn feelings. 2. In addition to describing the sound of autumn, what else is written in the second natural paragraph? How does this relate to writing about autumn sounds? (3 points) Answer: The autumn colors are bleak, the autumn appearance is clear and bright, the autumn mood is depressed, the mountains and rivers are lonely, the cold autumn air destroys the vegetation, the autumn heart is chilly, and the autumn music is sad.
It highlights the sadness of the autumn sound and brings out the sadness in Ouyang Zi's heart. 3. In the third paragraph, what kind of life insights does the author express from listening to the sounds of autumn? (3 points) Answer: From the sound of autumn and the vegetation, life comes from the vegetation, the sadness of autumn.
"Why do you want to compete with plants and trees for glory if they are not made of gold and stone? How can you hate the sound of autumn even if you think about who will kill thieves for it!" Worry about human affairs is more harmful to people than the autumn air is to it. Destruction of vegetation. People should always be content with what they have and not compete with others for glory.
The author has a thorough understanding of life, longs for transcendence, and has an indifferent mood. 4. What’s the point of writing “boy” twice in the article and “insect sound” at the end? (3 points) Answer: The use of the child's youthful carelessness and incomprehensible style contrasts with Ouyang Zi's vicissitudes of life and his many emotions; the use of the chirping of autumn insects contrasts with Ouyang Zi's sadness and loneliness.