What idioms are there, what characteristics are there?
① What are the idioms with stories
Idioms with stories are: eloquent, hearsay, gossiping, self-presentation, and indefensible.
1. Have a glib tongue
Explanation: Describe being good at talking.
From: Qing Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, the seventy-fourth time: "Because he looks more beautiful than others, and he has grown into a Qiaozui Zhang, he dresses like a beauty every day, and he can be used to saying things in front of people, and he is better at grasping the point."
Example: This man was born with two glib mouths, a glib mouth and a glib tongue. Qubo's Lin Hai Xue Yuan 28
Grammar: combined; As a predicate and attribute; It is very good to describe the population
Synonyms are quarrelsome, eloquent, hard-tongued, eloquent, glib, eloquent, eloquent
Antonyms are clumsy, clumsy, clumsy and clumsy. Words heard on the road and spread on the road. Generally refers to unfounded rumors.
from: Sister heard it from hearsay, I wonder if it is true? Instructions are still needed. Qing Li Ruzhen's "Jing Hua Yuan" fifty-third chapter
Grammar: combined; As a predicate; The derogatory synonyms
include Qi Dongye dialect, catching the wind and catching the shadows, insufficient evidence, hearsay, gossip, misinformation, three complaints, toilet news, three-man tiger, oral knowledge, overseas anecdote, catching the wind and catching the shadows, and the antonym of three-man city tiger
is credible, well-founded and true.
from: In the banquet room of these gentry and scholar-officials' houses, there must be several people from the pear garden who sit in the queue and gossip. What a scandal! The fifty-third chapter of Qing Wu Jingzi's The Scholars
Grammar: combined; As a predicate; With derogatory meanings
synonyms are short-winded, gossiping, judging, short-winded, short-winded, short-winded, short-winded, short-winded, full of comments, short-winded, short-winded, short-winded
antonyms are tight-lipped and silent
Refers to the Buddha's vast power, which can show all kinds of human faces and tell people. Now it refers to taking personal experience and experience as an example to illustrate a certain truth.
from: Yuan Bozhen's words can be said to be a personal statement. The 16th chapter of Qing Anonymous's The Reform of Officialdom
Grammar: partial formality; As predicate, attribute and object; It means to explain a certain truth by personal experience
synonyms teach by example
antonyms talk about pleasure
5. No arguments
Explanation: arguments, explanations. No one can argue and explain.
from: Yuan Wuhan Chen's "Sheng Jin Ge" is 3% off: "Why don't you just say it, and just kick me?"
Example: Baochai couldn't say anything, so she drank a cup of Xiangyun with a smile. Qing Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions
Grammar: Verb-object; Make clauses and adverbials; It means that it is not allowed to argue Chen Shuo.
Synonyms are indisputable, indisputable, and indisputable.
Antonyms speak freely.
② What are the idioms about saying?
Nothing is wrong,
A promise is as good as a promise,
Targeted,
Straight to the point,
subtle,
?
bossing around,
meticulous words,
silence,
self-evident,
casting pearls before swine,
talking with Kan Kan,
getting to the point,
incisively and vividly,
keeping my mouth shut,
keeping my mouth shut.
quoting from other sources,
being appropriate,
catching the wind and catching the shadows,
pointing fingers,
beating around the bush,
rambling,
observing words,
③ What are the characteristics of idioms?
Idioms. Idiom is a major feature of Chinese culture, which has a fixed structure and a fixed statement, indicating a certain meaning, and is applied as a whole in sentences. A large part of idioms are inherited from ancient times, and they are often different from modern Chinese in terms of words. They represent a story or an allusion. Idiom is a kind of ready-made words, similar to idioms and proverbs, but slightly different.
Idioms have the following basic characteristics:
1. Structural fixity
Idioms are fixed in composition and structural form, and generally cannot change or add or subtract morphemes at will. For example, "cold lips and teeth" cannot be changed to "cold lips and teeth", "cold lips and teeth" or "cold lips and teeth"; "No ink in the chest" cannot be added as "No ink in the chest". In addition, the word order in idioms is fixed and cannot be changed at will. For example, "context" cannot be changed to "context"; "Great achievements" cannot be changed to "Great achievements".
2, meaning integrity
Idioms have integrity in meaning. "Its meaning is often not the simple sum of its constituent meanings, but the overall meaning further summarized on the basis of its constituent meanings." For example, "the fox pretends to be a tiger" means "the fox uses the tiger's power" on the surface, but it actually means "relying on the power of others to bully people"; "When a rabbit dies, a dog cooks", which means on the surface that "when a rabbit dies, a hunting dog is cooked", but in reality it means that "the people who serve the rulers are abandoned or killed after their success"; The superficial meaning of "forgetting to eat and sleep" is "forgetting to eat regardless of sleep", but the actual meaning is "extremely concentrating on efforts" and so on.
3. Diversity of grammatical functions
From the perspective of Chinese grammar, Chinese idioms are equivalent to a phrase in a sentence. Because phrases can act as different components in a sentence, the grammatical functions of idioms are also diverse. There are various forms of Chinese idioms, such as four-character idioms, five-character idioms, six-character idioms, seven-character idioms and eight-character idioms, among which four-character idioms are the main form of Chinese idioms. Therefore, the analysis of the grammatical function of idioms here mainly focuses on the analysis of four-character idioms as syntactic components.
④ What are the characteristics of modern Chinese idioms
Idioms have the characteristics of neat form, harmonious rhythm, fixed structure and conciseness.
The most obvious feature of Chinese idioms is that most of them are composed of four syllables, accounting for more than 95% of idioms. Some people have made statistics on the Dictionary of Chinese Idioms (Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1987), and the result is that it has 17,934 entries. Among them, 1714 are composed of four syllables, accounting for about 95.57% of the total. " Written records are written in four Chinese characters, all of which are basically four characters. It can be said that the four-syllable form is a remarkable sign that idioms are different from other members of idioms (such as proverbs, idioms and two-part allegorical sayings). Why do Chinese idioms take the four-character case as the basic form? This probably has something to do with the aesthetic taste of taking symmetrical balance as beauty and asymmetrical imbalance as ugliness in Chinese traditional culture. This form of idioms has had a positive impact on the development of Chinese vocabulary. Many four-character fixed phrases in modern Chinese have developed from idioms and become new idioms, such as fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses, splitting into two, being poor and white, unhealthy tendencies and so on.
Chinese is a tonal language with musical beauty, and idioms prominently show this feature of Chinese. Its musical characteristics are mainly reflected in two aspects: First, most of the four syllables of idioms are opposite to each other, symmetrical and tidy, with distinct rhythm. Second, it is flat and flat, with high and low tones and melodic beauty. For example: beautiful scenery, flowing water, being suddenly enlightened and talking about Kan Kan. This feature of idioms will be understood more deeply after we study the fourth chapter of this course, "The Beauty of Language Sound".
Idioms are the result of people's long-term use of language. They have the characteristics of stereotyped structure and complete meaning, and their structural components and structural relationships cannot be changed at will. For example, idioms such as "scurrying about", "short-sighted" and "timid as a mouse" reflect the Chinese people's aversion to rats. It is not in line with the psychological habits of the Chinese people to change the rats into rabbits and turtles.
Idioms are concise in form but rich in meaning and expressive. For example, "braving the wind and waves" not only means to face difficulties and forge ahead, but also implies the meaning of "having great ambitions", which is beyond the reach of ordinary freely combined words. Try to compare the following two cases: ① China's socialist construction is advancing by leaps and bounds. ② China's socialist construction is extremely fast. It can be seen from the comparison that example ① shows high speed, but also implies a huge momentum, while example ② uses freely combined words, which is obviously not as expressive as the former. Another example is "Mr. Dong Guo", a character in Ma Zhongxi's Biography of Zhongshan Wolf in the Ming Dynasty. He was almost killed by the wolf because he rescued the chased Zhongshan Wolf, which is a metaphor for people who do not distinguish between good and evil and abuse kindness. "Mr. Nan Guo" is the figure who "fills in the blanks" in a fable in On Han Feizi's Internal Storage, which is a metaphor for a person who has no talent but occupies his position. These idioms all show people with certain characteristics.
most idioms are far-reaching, or contain profound philosophy or express a profound thought. For example, dripping water wears away the stone, the lips die, the teeth are cold, the running water does not rot, the family axis does not bite, the extremes meet, the opposites complement each other, and haste makes waste. The use of idioms is helpful to express thoroughly, subtly and profoundly, and to strengthen the expressive force of language.
⑤ What are idioms and what are their characteristics
1. Definition: Idioms are fixed phrases or sentences that express general concepts, and most of them are composed of four words.
2. Characteristics of idioms. Idioms have two main features. The first feature is that they have a long history.
(1) has a long history. It refers to the historical use of idioms. For example, the idiom "having confidence without fear" first appeared in Turn Left Twenty-six Years of Xi Gong, and it has been used for more than 2, years. "Surprise the snake" comes from a story written by Duan Chengshi in the Tang Dynasty, which has been at least a thousand years since "Although you mow the grass, I have surprised the snake". "Catch the wind and catch the shadows" first appeared in Zhu Xi's Zhuzi Quanshu Xueyi in the Song Dynasty, "Two Sides and Three Knives" first appeared in Yuan Qu Hui Lan Ji, and "Southern accent and Northern tune" first appeared in Fu Cha Dunchong's Yanjing Sui Ji in the Qing Dynasty. These idioms have a history of one hundred and twenty years or even eight or nine hundred years.
(2) flow length. Refers to the sociality of idiom use. Idioms are accepted by the people and widely used in writing or orally. Like some idioms from ancient poetry, they are the original texts intercepted from poems of different times, because they are either profound in meaning or vivid in image, and they are epigrams and famous sentences of the whole poem, which are loved by the people, widely used and recited, and can be circulated. For example, "the spring breeze is proud", "it's equally divided", "the wind is full of rain", "the wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road is frozen to death", "wildfire never quite consumes them, they are tall once more in the spring wind" and so on.
the second feature is that stereotypes remain unchanged. Idiom is a stereotyped and fixed phrase, most of which consists of four words. Of course, there are three words, five words or even more words. For example, "set off", "by going up one flight of stairs", "Qian Fan on the side of the sinking boat, Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree" and "don't do to others what you don't want", but this is a minority after all. Why are idioms mostly four characters? This has something to do with the characteristics of Chinese. Most Chinese people speak in pairs on syllables. Chinese pays attention to four tones, which can produce aesthetic feeling in sound when reading, and the structure of four characters can adapt to various changes of this tone. The Book of Songs, the earliest collection of 35 poems in the history of Chinese literature, is basically a four-word sentence. This four-word sentence is short and pithy in structure, lively and lively, and it is cadenced in reading. In a long historical stage, it influenced poets and writers, and their works influenced the language of the people. Idioms are basically derived from ancient books and the spoken language of the people, so idioms are mostly four words.
Besides, idioms should not only express profound and complex ideas, but also be extremely concise. They should not be too long or too short, and four words are the most appropriate.
The so-called idiom is a fixed phrases formed by long-term use and tempering in language. It is a language unit that is larger than a word and its grammatical function is equivalent to a word.
⑥ What are the characteristics of idioms
Idioms are a series of partially stereotyped phrases or short sentences in the vocabulary of Chinese characters copied from China. Idiom is a major feature of Chinese culture, which has a fixed structure and a fixed statement, indicating a certain meaning, and is applied as a whole in sentences. A large part of idioms are inherited from ancient times, and they are often different from modern Chinese in terms of words. They represent a story or an allusion. Idiom is a kind of ready-made words, similar to idioms and proverbs, but slightly different.
Idioms, which everyone says, become words, so they are idioms.
⑦ What are the characteristics of idioms
Idioms are fixed phrases or phrases with concise form and incisive meaning that have been formed for a long time.
Idioms are mostly composed of four words, but there are also three or more words.
The sources of idioms are as follows: myths and fables, historical stories, poetic sentences and oral sayings.
⑧ What are the idioms that express what they say?
They are eloquent, idiomatic, articulate and eloquent.
First, a flow of words
Vernacular interpretation: the form is eloquent, and the right to talk is endless
Dynasty: Southern Dynasties Song
Author: Liu Yiqing
Source: Appreciation of the World's New Words: "Guo Zixuan's talk is like a flowing river, which is inexhaustible."
translation: Guo Zixuan's argument is like a waterfall pouring water, which is inexhaustible.
Second, he can be used to saying Tao
Vernacular interpretation: it is good to describe the population and is good at talking.
Dynasty: Ming
Author: Anonymous
Source: The third fold of "Gossip about Yuqiao": "But the ripe melon is soft, and the wax spear can talk."
Translation: However, the soft part of the ripe melon is pinched, and the wax spear can explain it.
Third, it is articulate.
Vernacular interpretation: articulate: speaking, talking; Clever: smart and flexible. Speak quickly and handle it with ease. Describe eloquence well.
Dynasty: Qing Dynasty
Author: Cao Xueqin
Source: The thirty-third chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions: "Although Baoyu used to have a clever quarrel, he was full of sadness for Jin Chuaner at this time, and he wanted to die."
translation: Baoyu has always been a genius, but his mouth is clever. At this moment, his heart is sad for Jin Chuaner, and he wishes he could flee to death.
Fourth, he is eloquent.
Vernacular interpretation: he is good at talking.