Why was the Ming army defeated in the battle of Salhu?
If the dynasty is a big tree, Nurhachi is a sharp axe, not to mention that the former is lifeless and has long decayed under the wind erosion, while the latter has become stronger and sharper after tempering. One made a hasty response on the spur of the moment, and the other prepared for a long time. Therefore, although the battle of Salhu is thrilling, the outcome has long been conclusive.
The battle of Salhu was the first real contest between the ignorant Daming and the vibrant emerging dynasty. The significance of winning or losing is not the gain or loss of a city or a place, but the change of confidence.
Later, Jin attacked Fushun and plundered hundreds of thousands of people and livestock. When the news reached Beijing, the Ming court was very alarmed. Emperor Wanli always thought that the world was peaceful and ignored political affairs. Suddenly, he got the unfortunate report and was at a loss. He hurriedly called the ministers to discuss the matter. After a fierce debate, they finally decided to send troops for the purpose of maintaining the dignity of "China", in an attempt to annihilate it at one fell swoop and avoid future troubles forever.
So, I chose the general and recruited the army. Emperor Wanli, on the recommendation of his ministers, appointed Levin as assistant minister of the right Ministry of War, and the commander-in-chief of Liaodong (official name, commander-in-chief or temporary commander-in-chief) as commander-in-chief of the whole army. Nearly 65,438+10,000 soldiers were recruited. In the forty-seventh year of Wanli (A.D. 16 19), in February, Levin led an army to war.
The Ming army assembled in Shenyang, and Levin decided to March in four ways: the left-wing middle road, with 30,000 troops led by general commanders Du Jun, Wang Xuan and Zhao Menglin leaving Fushun Pass from Shenyang; On the left-wing North Road, the company commanders Ma Lin, Ma Yan and Ye He's Jurchen soldiers * * * 15000 troops took a fork in the road from Kaiyuan (kaiyuan city, Liaoning); Right-wing road, led by company commanders Li and He Shixian, with 25,000 troops, went out of Qinghe (Qinghe, Liaoning) to Raven Pass; Right-wing South Road, under the command of company commander Liu Ge, left Tongjiajiang from Kuandian (Kuandian, Liaoning) with North Korean soldiers and 20,000 troops.
These four armies came out from different directions in an attempt to take the route of Hetuala (Yongling Township, Xinbin County, Liaoning Province), the capital of Houjin, and achieve the goal of completely eliminating Houjin. This kind of strategy, in military terms, is called "dividing troops and fighting together." After Levin's deployment, he sat in Shenyang waiting for good news.
The large-scale attack of the Ming Dynasty was indeed a fatal threat to a weak post-Jin country. The victory or defeat of this war is related to its life and death. The talented Nurhachi did not panic in the face of strong enemies. In order to survive, he only has the power to fall in love with the country and fight to the death. After calmly analyzing the situation of the four-way attack in the Ming Dynasty, he said calmly: "Of the four-way soldiers in the Ming Dynasty, only one road is its main force, and the other three roads are not considered. All I have to do is concentrate on beating juniper all the way, and I will be a shoo-in. This is called: I will go all the way with him! " Say that finish, immediately ordered, leaving hundreds of old soldiers guarding the capital, the rest of the military forces immediately all out, all the way to fight juniper. He appointed his second son, Daishan, as a pioneer officer, leading the way first. Then, he personally led the generals to unify the Eight Banners and more than 60,000 soldiers and marched west to meet them.
Juniper left Shenyang with 30,000 troops, passed through Fushun Pass and headed for Hetuala.
This one-man horse marching route is in the middle of the other three roads and the closest to Hetuala. Juniper wanted to win the first prize and urged the army to speed up, so it quickly passed Fushun Pass and reached the west bank of Hunhe River. It's getting late, and the generals asked to camp and rest before crossing the river tomorrow morning. The juniper was furious and said, "The banner of righteousness points to the east. Who dares to disobey it?" Go ahead with victory, what time are you waiting for! "He sent someone to investigate the depth of the river and learned that the deepest part of the river could not reach the belly of the war horse. He was very happy to find that there were dozens of boats left in the river, and said, "Heaven and people really helped me succeed!" " So he ordered the whole army to cross the river quickly without delay!
Juniper is a brave general. Every time he fights, he always takes the lead and punches. In the fierce battle, he went shirtless and was scarred. At this time, he was about to cross the river. He felt ashamed of taking the boat, so he gave it to other generals instead of sitting by himself. Not only that, he also took off his coat and rode across the river with bare arms. At that time, according to the lunar calendar, but at the turn of March and April, the weather was still relatively cold, not to mention that in the evening, the temperature began to drop, and the river was even colder. But regardless of these, he stripped off his clothes and crossed the river, which shows that his spirit is extraordinary! The generals couldn't bear it, so they brought armor and advised him to put it on. Juniper laughed and sarcastically said, "It's not a strong man's business to join the army in armor! I have been a soldier since I was a teenager, and now I am old. I don't know how heavy the armor is. Are you making fun of me with armor today? "
Juniper said, prancing horse jumped into the river. When all the soldiers saw the commander-in-chief, they were greatly encouraged and rushed across the river.
What Juniper didn't expect was that Nurhachi, his son and soldiers had been waiting for his arrival. The Hunhe River is not deep, and it was cut off by the post-nomads in the upper reaches. Halfway through the crossing of the juniper army, the nomads from the rear broke the dam, and the flood rolled down from the upstream, drowning thousands of soldiers of the Ming army who had not crossed the shore, while the soldiers who had landed were shivering with cold, and their combat effectiveness suddenly declined.
It was already dark, and the Ming army crossing the river under the command of Juniper occupied the Salhu Mountain on the Hunhe River and set up a base camp on the mountain. At that time, he found that there were late Jin soldiers on the nearby Jilin cliff and ordered an attack. In fact, the people on the cliff in Jilin are not post-nomads, but unarmed city builders. When the Ming army attacked, the main army led by the late Minister Jin Baylor swarmed in, separated from the Ming army attacking Jilin Cliff, and prepared to attack Salhu Mountain all the way. At this time, Nurhachi has arrived, adjusted the battle plan, and ordered the troops of the Second Banner to withdraw after attacking Jilin Cliff to strengthen the attack on Salhu Mountain. He said: once this army is broken, others will be broken. Nurhachi * * * concentrated six banners and stormed the Ming army in Salhushan.
Later Jin attacked from below, which was very difficult, but he still stormed at all costs. After the cavalry arrived, the Jin army immediately rushed up behind, shooting and cutting, and the Ming army was annihilated before it could draw a bow and wield a knife. Juniper Juniper, the coach of the Ming army, waved a pike and fought bloody battles. When Jin Jun found him, he was surrounded by many people. He tried many times to break through the tight encirclement, but all failed. Finally, exhausted, he was shot dead by Jin Jun, and his assistant coaches Wang Xuan and Zhao Menglin also died in the battle. Juniper was wiped out all the way. There are bodies of the Ming army everywhere, and there are rivers of blood. Weapons and bodies are drifting and spinning in the Hunhe River.
The battle of Salhu started, Fuxi, who was guarding the cliff in Jilin, and the post-nomads joined forces from top to bottom, and the Ming army was wiped out.
Sure enough, as Nurhachi had expected, after destroying the main force of the first army of juniper, the other three roads quickly collapsed. Nurhachi still adopted the principle of concentrating forces and dividing them one by one, wiped out the two armies and scared them off all the way, thus winning the battle completely. Because this is the most intense battle in Salhu, and it is a key battle, Houjin won. Therefore, in history, the whole war was called the Battle of Salhu.
The complete victory of this campaign not only kept the newly established post-Jin regime, but also made it develop rapidly until it developed to the whole country and became the king of the world. Therefore, this battle is of epoch-making significance to the late Jin Dynasty.