Gerund in English
Explanation: If the ing form of a verb is a noun, the word is called a gerund.
Edit this paragraph 1. Function of gerund
Gerund has the nature of noun, so it can be used as subject, predicative, object, attribute and so on in a sentence.
1. Gerund consists of verbs.
+
Ing composition, the negative form is not.
Doing has the nature of verbs and nouns, and plays the role of nouns in sentences. It can be used as subject, object, predicative and attributive.
1) as the subject. For example:
see
be
Believe.
place
egg
be
this
ant
Queen's
full-time
Work.
it
be
no
use
quarrel
along with
He ...
Note: both gerund and infinitive can be used as subjects. Gerund as the subject means general or abstract repetitive behavior, and infinitive as the subject often means concrete or one-off behavior. For example:
Performance, style, etc of playing; Play (music)
along with
fire
be
Danger.
(generally refers to playing with fire)
arrive
play
along with
fire
will
be
Danger.
(of a specific action)
But inside,
be
no
Use/good,
no
any
Use/good,
Gerund or infinitive are often used after being useless.
2) As a predicative. For example:
she
work
be
Teaching.
3) as an object. For example:
male
be
fond
about
Performance, style, etc of playing; Play (music)
football
I
like
Swimming.
① Admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel, like, complete, forgive and give.
Go up, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practice, put
Propose, resist, take risks, suggest, can't
Help (can't help), can't help
Verbs such as stand can be used as objects with gerunds, but not with infinitives.
(2) forget, go
Verbs or phrases such as on, mean, rev regret, remember, stop and try can drive nouns or infinitives as objects, but their meanings are different.
let us
go to
exist
study
course
6.
Let's go on with lesson six. It means that you have learned some before. )
let us
go to
exist
arrive
study
course
6.
Let's go on with lesson six. It means that you have learned Lesson 5 before. )
I
commemorate
do
this
Exercise.
I remember doing exercises. )
I
must
commemorate
arrive
do
It ...
I must remember to do it. )
I
Tried
no
arrive
go to
There.
I try not to go there. )
I
Tried
do
it
Here we go again.
I tried to do it again. )
stop
Go ahead.
Don't talk. )
male
stop
arrive
speak
(He stops to talk. )
I
mean
arrive
come
Early; In the early days; shift to an earlier time
Today.
I intend to come early today. )
miss
this
train
way
wait for
for
another
hour
Missing this train means waiting for another hour. )
③ Use the gerund form as the object directly after the verbs allow, advise, forbidden, permit, etc. If there is a noun or pronoun as the object, then use the infinitive as the object complement. For example:
we
no
allow
smoky
Here you are.
we
no
allow
student
arrive
It's smoking
(4) The verbs need, require and want are interpreted as "need", and then you must use the active form of gerund or the passive form of infinitive as the object to indicate that you need to do something. At this time, the active form of gerund indicates the passive meaning. be
After worth, you must use the active form of gerund to express the passive meaning. For example:
this
window
Need/demand/want
Clean/to
be
It's been cleaned.
she
way
be
value
Working on it.
⑤ In phrase dedication
Yes, look.
forward
Stick to
Arrive, arrive
be
second-hand
Yes, against it
Yes, thank you
you
Forgive for
I
Be (reserved for)
Busy, yes
Have difficulties/troubles/problems
a
Good/wonderful/difficult
Time (in), yes
no
Use/good/need, feel/seem
Like/get
downwards
The verb after to must also be gerund, for example:
I
look
forward
arrive
aural comprehension
from
you
Soon.
There is not much difference between using gerund or infinitive after verbs such as love, hate, prefer and like. Sometimes when gerund is used as object, it refers to general situation, and when infinitive is used as object, it refers to specific behavior.
⑦ start, begin and continue are often followed by gerund in written language and infinitive in spoken language.
But start and begin generally take infinitives as objects in the following situations: when the subject is things rather than people; When "start" or "begin" appears as "-ing", the following verbs are used as objects to express feelings, thoughts or ideas. For example:
it
depart
arrive
It's snowing.
male
be
begin
arrive
cook
Dinner.
I
begin
arrive
Understand; Understanding
what
he
It means.
⑧ On the shoulder (meeting)
Like/love must be followed by infinitive.
4) As an attribute, for example:
male
have
a
read
Room.
2. The compound structure of gerund
The compound structure of gerund consists of possessive pronoun or personal pronoun objective case, possessive case of noun or ordinary case plus gerund. You must use possessive or possessive pronouns at the beginning of a sentence. If the compound structure of gerund is used as the object and its logical subject is an inanimate noun, the ordinary case is used. For example:
his
come
make
I
very
Happy.
Mary's
great
angry
He ...
she
no
head
his
I cried.
be
over there
any
hope
about
Xiao (surname)
Wangde
Win. ? male
insist on
exist
this
plan
exist
carry
Get out.
3. The tense and voice of gerund
The tense of gerund can be divided into two types: general form and perfect form. If the gerund's action does not clearly indicate that the time and the action indicated by the predicate verb occur at the same time or before the action indicated by the predicate verb, the general form of the gerund is used. For example:
we
be
interested
exist
Performance, style, etc of playing; Play (music)
Chess.
his
come
will
be
about
great
help
arrive
We ...
If the gerund's action occurs before the action indicated by the predicate verb, the gerund's perfect tense is usually used. For example:
I am
pity
for
no
have
keep
my
Promise.
After some verbs or phrases, the general form of gerund is usually used, although its action occurs before the action indicated by the predicate. For example, excuses
I
for
come
It's late
When the subject is the object of the action indicated by the gerund, the gerund uses the passive voice. The passive voice changed from "Zheng" to "Zheng"
+
Past participle "or" having "
Past participle of be
+
Past participle ". The latter is seldom used, so as not to make the sentence appear cumbersome. For example:
male
like
exist
Helped.
male
be
worried
about
exist
left
exist
Go home.
I
no
commemorate
have
once
Past participle of be
in consideration of
a
chance
arrive
do
It ...