What is the main content of Zhuge Liang's borrowing arrows?
knowledge points
teaching material analysis:
This text is rewritten according to the plot of "borrowing an arrow from a grass boat" in the famous Chinese classical historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The story of a straw boat borrowing an arrow took place at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan were named Wei, Shu and Wu. At that time, Cao Cao had just defeated Liu Bei and sent troops to attack Sun Quan, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan joined forces to resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Sun Quan to help fight. Zhuge Liang's story of "borrowing an arrow from a straw boat" happened when Sun and Liu Lianhe resisted Cao. Zhou Yu, jealous of Zhuge Liang, asked Zhuge Liang to build 1 thousand arrows in ten days to frame him. Zhuge Liang fought wits with Zhou Yu and borrowed an arrow from Cao Cao with a clever plan, which defeated Zhou Yu's plot against him and showed Zhuge Liang's courage and wisdom.
the text is well structured. The story takes "borrowing" as the main line and is narrated in the order of things. First wrote the reason why the grass boat borrowed the arrow; Then he wrote Zhuge Liang's preparation for borrowing arrows from grass boats; Then it focuses on the process of borrowing arrows from grass boats; Finally, I wrote the result of the incident-Zhuge Liang handed in the arrow as scheduled, and Zhou Yu sighed. The cause, process and result of the story are clearly described. Many contents in the article also echo each other, for example, the end and the beginning are coordinated. Such a rigorous structure greatly enhances the integrity and rigor of the story.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a full-length historical novel written by Luo Guanzhong in the Ming Dynasty. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the pioneering work of China's ancient novels, and it is one of the ancient Four Great Classical Novels in China, which is as famous as The Journey to the West's Water Margin and A Dream of Red Mansions.
Author's introduction:
Luo Guanzhong (about 133- 14), a famous book, was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and was a novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Luo Guanzhong is the originator of Zhang Hui's novels in China. His main work is Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Other works: Biography of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Historical Romance of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty, Biography of Three Sui Demons, Biography of Water Margin.
Character introduction in the book:
Zhuge Liang (181-234) was born in Yangdu, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi, Shandong), the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician and strategist.
Introduction: (Click the link below)
Knowledge list and reading test of Romance of the Three Kingdoms!
I will write:
Jealousy: Jealousy, Jealousy, Jealousy, Jealousy, Jealousy, Jealousy, Jealousy, Jealousy, Carelessness, Unscrupulous
Cao: Cao Nan, Cao Tian, Cao Guan
Governor: Governor urged and supervised the war supervision
Committee: entrusted tactfully, made a compromise, sought perfection
Punishment: punished severely, punished severely. Private: selfish, selfless, clear distinction between public and private
Zhai: camp in Shuizhai Shanzhai village
Beat: roll drums, brag and brag
Na: shout and breathe out the suona, cheer and cheer
Insert: plant seedlings and arrange flowers, cut in line
Simile character:
Jealous (jealous) protection (protection) committee. ) na (shouting) na (accepting)
polyphonic words:
tone: diào tone tiáo adjustment
roll: léi bang the drum lèi ring
synonyms:
jealousy-jealousy deliberation-discussion
turn away-refuse to entrust-entrust < However-accept punishment-reward
completeness-lack of secrets-openly
understand the words:
Jealousy bears a grudge against those who are superior to themselves in talent, reputation, status or situation.
turn away and refuse; Decline.
entrust the applicant or institution to do it for you.
delay; Procrastinate.
feathered feathers.
doubt, doubt and confusion.
scheduling management and arrangement (work, manpower, vehicles, etc.).
virtual reality and reality generally refer to actual situation or internal situation.
support and assistance with manpower, material resources, financial resources or other practical actions.
The archer was the soldier in charge of archery in the ancient army. Crossbow: A bow that uses mechanical force to shoot arrows.
The letter of guarantee written after accepting the military order mentioned in the drama of military order and the old novels indicates that if you can't complete the task, you are willing to be punished according to military law.
Amazing wit, clever planning, predictive description, good at estimating the objective situation and deciding strategies.
Expansion of words:
Idiom from Romance of the Three Kingdoms:
A straw boat borrows an arrow to look at the thatched cottage and sit up and take notice
Going to the meeting like a duck to water, arguing with a crowd of Confucianism
Doing my best, not thinking about Shu Xia Amon
Being humble
In-class words:
Jealous of the military commission to follow the forecast.
The text comes straight to the point and explains the cause of the story. Summarize the fact that Zhuge Liang is quite talented and Zhou Yu is jealous of Zhuge Liang. "Jealousy" is the cause of the conflict between Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, which lays the groundwork for the story.
2. One day, Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to discuss military affairs and said, "We are going to fight with Cao Jun.. What is the best weapon for fighting on water? " Zhuge Liang said, "Bows and arrows are the best."
this is a trap set by Zhou Yu, who openly engages in business and military affairs, but secretly sets traps to harm people. He knowingly asked, intending to harm Zhuge Liang, showing his sinister intentions. And Zhuge Liang's concise answer shows that he has answers.
3. Zhou Yu said, "Yes, sir, I was thinking the same thing. At present, the army is short of arrows, and I want to ask Mr. Wang to be responsible for building 1 thousand. This is official business. I hope Mr. Wang will not turn it away. "
4. On the first day, there was no movement from Zhuge Liang. The next day, there was still no movement from Zhuge Liang; It was not until the fourth watch of the third day that Zhuge Liang secretly invited Lu Su to the boat.
The parallelism sentence is used here, with strong tone, which makes the story tense. The situation is so urgent, Zhuge Liang showed extraordinary composure, which set off Zhuge Liang's ingenious calculation and wisdom.
5. At this time, it is foggy all over the sky, and people on the river can't even see face to face.
This environmental description highlights the fog on the river, and its function is to promote the development of the story. Zhuge Liang's choice of such weather shows that he is proficient in astronomy and meteorology and his prediction is accurate. Only in this weather will the suspicious Cao Cao not see clearly the actual situation, dare not send troops easily, and only let the crossbowman shoot arrows, which is one of the conditions for the success of borrowing arrows.
6. At 5 o'clock, the ship has approached Cao Jun's water village. Zhuge Liang ordered the bow to face west and the stern to face east, and told the sergeant on board to drum and shout.
The word "spread out" is not only convenient for action, but also leaves no space, which increases the area of receiving arrows. The purpose of the sergeant's "beating drums and shouting" is not only to bluff, create the illusion of attack, attract the attention of Cao Cao's army, draw Cao Jun out to shoot arrows, but also to make Cao Jun clear the goal and direction of archery. All these show Zhuge Liang's meticulous thinking and ingenious arrangement.
7. Lu Su said in surprise, "What if Cao Bing comes out?" Zhuge Liang smiled and said, "The fog is so heavy that Cao Cao must not send troops out. We just drink for fun and go back when the fog clears. "
Language description shows the different characteristics of different characters. Lu Su was surprised and afraid that Cao Jun would attack, while Zhuge Liang was as cool as a cucumber.
Zhuge Liang's laughter and composure are in sharp contrast with Lu Su's surprise. Because he knew all about Cao Cao's suspicious and cautious character. In the case of "can't see the actual situation clearly", it will not be "easily dispatched". Zhuge Liang's smile,
laughed at Cao Cao's daring to send troops (triumphant smile), laughed at Zhou Yu's overreaching (triumphant smile) and laughed at Lu Su's honesty (humorous and generous smile). From Zhuge Liang's smile, we can appreciate his calm, self-confidence and tolerance. This smile, laugh out of his answers, laugh out of his strategy, laugh out of his ingenuity, laugh out of his heroic nature.
8. Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to fall over again, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west, still beating drums and shouting, and approaching Cao Jun's water village to get an arrow.
Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned over, in order to be hit by arrows on both sides, and to keep the balance of the hull, so as to facilitate the smooth return after the arrows are full and save the time of turning around. Zhuge Liang's intelligence is fully displayed.
Zhuge Liang dared to approach Cao Jun's water village, not acting rashly or going his own way. But because he completely mastered Cao Cao's suspicious and cautious personality, and also used foggy weather to make Cao Cao dare not send troops easily. "Borrowing arrows" on this trip was not because of his loose talk, but because of his careful consideration and clever arrangement, so it was effortless to borrow 1, arrows. This not only shows Zhuge Liang's rich astronomical knowledge, but also shows his superb military wisdom.
Problem summary:
1. What is the real reason why Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to make an arrow?
Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent, so he set an arrow trap to harm Zhuge Liang on the grounds of official business.
2. Why did Zhuge Liang agree to make an arrow?
Zhuge Liang is concerned about the overall situation of uniting Wu and resisting Cao, regardless of personal gains and losses.
3. Why was Zhou Yu so happy when he heard that Zhuge Liang could make an arrow in three days and issued a written order?
Zhou Yu knew that at that time, 1, arrows could not be made in three days. Now that a military order had been issued, it would be decapitated. Zhou Yu thought his plan would succeed, so he was very happy.
4. Since Zhou Yu wanted to harm Zhuge Liang, why did he ask Zhuge Liang for advice?
Zhou Yu seems to be asking for Zhuge Liang's advice and showing his respect for Zhuge Liang. In fact, his words are full of murder and sinister intentions.
5. What preparations did Zhuge Liang make for borrowing arrows?
The boat and sergeant are the basic conditions for Zhuge Liang to borrow arrows. It is camouflage to cover the boat with a blue cloth curtain, and grass handles are placed on both sides of the boat to receive arrows. It's really thoughtful and ingenious.
6. Lu Su is Zhou Yu's subordinate. Why did Zhuge Liang dare to ask him for help?
Zhuge Liang knew that Lu Su was honest and considerate.
7. In the process of borrowing arrows, what places reflect Zhuge Liang's "ingenious calculation"?
① Good weather: There will be heavy fog on the third day.
② the method of calculating the feeling of an arrow: put the boat in a straight line and get an arrow on both sides (knowing geography).
③ count Lu Su: faithful and trustworthy. (knowing people's hearts)
④ Calculate Zhou Yu: jealous of virtuous and capable, insidious and cunning.
⑤ calculate Cao Cao: be cautious and suspicious.
⑥ the layout is careful and accurate.
General idea of the paragraph:
Part I (1~2): Cause: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and embarrassed him with the task of making 1, arrows in a short period of time. Zhuge Liang issued a military order to ensure that 1, arrows were made in three days.
Part II (3~ 9): What happened: Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from Cao Cao with a straw boat.
Part III (1): Result: Zhuge Liang handed in the arrow as scheduled, but Zhou Yu was worse than himself.
Summarize the personality characteristics of the characters in the story
Zhou Yu: narrow-minded, insidious and cunning, jealous of talents, regardless of the overall situation.
Zhuge Liang: ingenious, with the overall situation in mind, open-minded, resourceful, intelligent, courageous and knowledgeable, knowing people and making good use of them.
Lu su: honest and trustworthy, with the overall situation in mind.
Cao Cao: Suspicious and cautious by nature.
Theme of the text:
This article recounts that Zhou Yu, jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent, asked Zhuge Liang to build 1, arrows in ten days in an attempt to frame him. Zhuge Liang skillfully used his clever tricks to "borrow" arrows from Cao Cao, which frustrated Zhou Yu's plot and showed Zhuge Liang's courage, insight, ingenuity and resourcefulness.
answers to exercises after class:
1. Read the text silently. Tell the main content of the story in the order of cause, process and result.
a: the reason: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and embarrassed Zhuge Liang with the task of making 1, arrows in ten days.
What happened: Zhuge Liang "borrowed" an arrow from Cao Cao by using a straw boat
Results: Zhuge Liang handed in the arrow as scheduled, and Zhou Yu had to admire Zhuge Liang's ingenious calculation, so he felt worse than himself.
main content: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent, and asked Zhuge Liang to build 1, arrows in ten days on the grounds of official business, with the intention of harming him. Zhuge Liang, fighting with Zhou Yu, made a written military order and made good preparations. He successfully "borrowed" more than 1, arrows from Cao Cao by using a straw boat, and the arrows were delivered to Zhou Yu as scheduled, thus defeating Zhou Yu's plot. After Zhou Yu learned what had happened, he was not as good as sighing.
2. Read the following sentences and answer the questions in brackets. There are also some sentences that reflect the characteristics of the characters, which are drawn and communicated with classmates.
Zhuge Liang said, "How dare you joke with the viceroy? I am willing to make a military order. If it can't be done in three days, I will be severely punished. " Zhou Yu was very happy, told Zhuge Liang to make a written pledge to fulfill a military order in person, and hosted a banquet for him.
(It's so difficult to make 1, arrows in three days. Why did Zhuge Liang take the initiative to make a military order? Why was Zhou Yu happy after he made a written pledge to fulfill a military order? )
Zhuge Liang promised to build 1, arrows in three days, and took the initiative to issue a written pledge to fulfill a military order, because he had seen through Zhou Yu's machinations and had a mature idea on how to obtain 1, arrows, which can be said to be confident. By doing so, Zhuge Liang can blow Zhou Yu's spirit and convince him. From reading the above, we can know that Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang, so he carefully planned and arranged this conversation, and under the guise of official business, he tried to push Zhuge Liang to a position of "no retreat." This "happiness" is Zhou Yu's self-righteous and complacent state. He was glad that Zhuge Liang didn't see through his scheme and that he succeeded in it.
3. What do you know about the characters in the text before reading it? After reading the text, what characters do you know better? What other stories do you want to know about them?
Before reading the text, I learned about the characters in the text through TV dramas and stories about the Three Kingdoms told by my grandfather. I know that Zhuge Liang is ingenious, eloquent, and Zhang Fei is brave and rude. After learning the text, I got a better understanding of Zhuge Liang. In the face of Zhou Yu's frame-up, he didn't haggle over every ounce, but took care of the overall situation and "borrowed" 1 thousand arrows with his wisdom.
I also want to know Zhuge Liang's stories such as "Empty City Plan", "Seven Capture Meng Huo", "Three Qi Zhou Yu" and "Burning Red Cliff".
4. Read the "Reading Links" section after class, find out the corresponding paragraphs of the text, and talk about the characteristics of the language compared with the original text.
a: "reading links" correspond to paragraphs 8 and 9 of the article.
I found that the language characteristics of classical Chinese are concise, mostly written; Modern writing is simple, popular and expressive.
Extracurricular development:
An ancient poem related to Zhuge Liang:
"Feeling"
All my life, I have been worried, and the wind and rain have made me a prisoner.
The old lovesickness is empty in Wan Li, but the wife and children are not full in Sanqiu.
I have no pity on Zhuge Long's liking, and I'll get the son to grow up in the lower reaches of the sky.
When Jiao Ran dies, there is no revenge, and the loyal soul is somewhat dark.
related two-part allegorical saying:
Cao Cao went down to the south of the Yangtze River-he came fiercely and suffered a terrible defeat
Cao Cao ate chicken ribs-it was tasteless to eat, but it was a pity to abandon them
Zhuge Liang levied Meng Huo-collected and released
Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow-borrowed it or not
Zhuge Liang used it.