What is a predicative clause in English?

Some transitive verbs in English have not only objects, but also complements (indicating actions or identities, characteristics, etc. ) complete the meaning of the sentence. These verbs mainly include: make, consider, believe, cause, feel, hear, listen, see, find, have, let, call and so on.

Second, the composition details

Components used as object complements usually include nouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, infinitives, participles (including present participles and past participles) and so on.

1. Nouns as object complements. Usually used after verbs such as make, call and name. For example:

We made Wang Qiang our captain.

2. Adjectives as object complements. Usually used after verbs such as keep, paint, get, think, find and make. Don't get your clothes dirty

3. Adverbs are used as object complements. Usually used after sensory verbs or causative verbs. For example:

I saw him go out with his father.

4. Preposition phrases are used as object complements. Usually used after verbs such as keep and find. For example:

We found everything in the laboratory in good order.

5. infinitive as object complement. There are infinitives with and without to. For example: (1) They asked me to try again. Let me introduce you to Miss Li. The difference between infinitive and present participle as object complement is that the former indicates the whole process or one-off action; The latter indicates that the object complement is an ongoing or occurring action, which is descriptive to some extent.

6. Present participle and past participle are used as object complements. Used after sensory verbs such as look, listen, feel, look and causative verbs such as have and keep. For example:

(1) Look! Can you see a boy running towards us?

When we got there, we saw that the work had been finished.

The difference between the present participle as an object complement and the past participle as an object complement lies in: using the present participle as an object complement indicates that the object is the sender of the action, forming a logical subject-predicate relationship; Using the past participle as the object complement indicates that the object is the recipient of the action, which constitutes a logical verb-object relationship.

object complement

brief introduction

In English, when some transitive verbs are connected with objects, their meanings are still incomplete, and another sentence component is needed to supplement the meaning and state of the objects. This component is called object complement, or object complement for short.

for instance

For example:

I heard Joan singing this morning.

Jean in the sentence is obviously the object. I didn't hear Joan, but she was singing. Singing is an object complement in a sentence. There is a logical subject-predicate relationship between it and the object, that is, logically speaking, Jean sang.

Singing in the sentence is the present participle as the object complement.

There are also object complements that can be used as object complements: infinitive, present participle, past participle, adjective, adverb, object-object phrase and so on. Generally speaking, an object is usually followed by an object.

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Knowledge of object complement

First, the form of object+object complement

The first category:

1. Noun (pronoun)+verb infinitive

She wants me to give her some money. She wants me to give her some money.

Tom asked Bill to stay for tea. Tom kept Bill for tea.

2. Noun (pronoun)+present participle

I found the old man dead on the road. I found the old man dead on the road.

When he woke up, he found himself taken care of by a kind old woman. When he woke up, he found a kind old woman taking care of him.

3. Noun (pronoun)+past participle

We saw the road covered with snow. We saw the road covered with snow.

Because there is no electricity, the water supply in many towns and villages has been cut off. Because there is no electricity, many towns and villages are without water.

The second category:

1. Noun (pronoun)+adjective

I find the boy very clever. I find the boy very clever.

He pushed open the door. He pushed open the door.

2. Noun (pronoun)+noun

We call it Mimi. We call it Mimi.

They named the baby Beibei. They named the baby Beibei.

3. Nouns (pronouns)+prepositional phrases

She always keeps everything in order. She always keeps everything in order.

This left them without a glimmer of hope. This deprived them of all hope.

4. Nouns (pronouns)+adverbs

When he visited the teacher, he found that he was not at home. When he visited his teacher, he found that the teacher was not at home.

I won't let you in.

Second, the logical relationship between object complement and object

1. From the point of view that infinitives and participles in the first kind of sentences are object complements, logically they have a subject-predicate relationship with the previous object, in which the present participle indicates the progressive state of the action; The past participle indicates the passive or complete state of the action; The infinitive contains future behavior.

2. From the point of view that nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositional phrases in the second kind of sentences are used as object complements, logically they form a subject-table relationship with the previous object to express the identity, characteristics and state of the object.

Third, the position of object complement and others

1. English has a heavy-tailed principle. According to this principle, long and complex sentence components should be placed at the end of the sentence, while shorter components should be placed before the sentence. So we often see that the object complement is placed in front of the direct object. For example:

The two thieves forced open the room 102, cut the chain and pushed the table aside. The two thieves broke down the door of room 102, broke the chain and pushed the table aside.

Facts have proved that the predictions made by the economic experts who lend money in this country are wrong. He has proved that the prediction of the country's main economy is wrong.

2. Are adjectives used as object complements or adverbials?

The third volume of junior high school English textbook has the following two sentences:

Don't fill her pot too full!

② Hold it straight!

Some teachers and classmates asked whether full and straight in the above sentence are object complements or adverbials. Others said, "Quanzhi should be changed to the adverb Quanzhi."

The author thinks that full and straight are both used as object complements in sentences, not adverbials, so they can't be completely adverbs. Because the difference between object complement and adverbial is that the former is the last state of the object (sentence ① is full, sentence ② is straight); And the latter said: "How to put the pot? How to hold it straight? " Another example is:

I saw the window open. I saw the window open.

② Hold the ladder steady! Hold the ladder steady!

Attached:

1, verbs that often follow adjectives as object complements are: keep, make, find, etc. We must keep the classroom clean.

2. Verbs that are often used as object complements with nouns are: call, name, make, think, etc. We call it moon cakes.

3. Verbs that often complement the verb -ing are: see, watch, hear, find, keep, etc. In the countryside, we can hear birds singing.

4. Verbs that often complement prepositional phrases are: keep, find, leave, etc. I left my pen on the table at home.

5. Verbs that often complement infinitives are: ask, tell, want, teach, wish, etc. Verbs without to as object complement after infinitive are: see, watch, hear, make, let, etc. I often see him playing football.

She often asks me to help her.

Note: the infinitive used as the object complement after help can be with or without to. For example:

I often help my mother with housework.

Usage of object complement

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Just look online for it yourself. Lots and lots of such introductions.