Solar term wine vernal equinox Guiyang

Northern Guizhou has excellent water quality and pleasant climate, and local people are good at making wine. Some people have long called this area a "wine town", and among the "wine towns", the wine brewed by Maotai Village in Renhuai County is the sweetest, and it is called "Maotai Burning" or "Maotai Spring". So Moutai is named after its place of origin.

When did Maotai Village open a regular restaurant? At present, there is no complete and accurate textual research material. According to the topographic map of Wu's address drawn on the title page of the earliest existing Ming family tree in Maotai Village, there is a brewing workshop nearby. According to genealogical records, the Wu family entered Guizhou in the 27th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1599), and settled in Maotai after the turmoil of Bozhou Tusi. This shows that Maotai had a brewing workshop as early as 1599.

According to the survey, the earliest name of Maotai's winery was Dahe Burning House. This information was obtained from the name of Yamato Brewery in the donor list cast on a Chinese character stove built in Ting Anne, Yangliuwan, Maotai (1803). According to the recent research, there is a liquor store called "Shusheng Liquor Store", which was earlier than Yamato's burning house. This was found on the road monument of Yuanronghe Burning House in 1980 Maotai Town. The tablet is engraved with the wine number of Maotai in the second year of Ming Shenzong (1458).

Maotai liquor flourished in the Qing Dynasty, which was closely related to the construction of Chishui River and Maotai Town during the Qianlong period to become the distribution center of Sichuan, salt and Guizhou. By the time we reached Daoguang in Jiaqing, there were more than 20 burning houses for making Moutai. According to the article "From Toughness to Decline in Li Youtang", the salt name Xie Xinglong established by Li Siyoutang, a big salt merchant in Fushun and Rongxian County, and Tian and Liu Er, a businessman in Shaanxi Province, has more than 70 sub-names, distributed in Renhuai to Guiyang counties. Due to the prosperity of salt industry, merchants gathered in Maotai area, and migrant workers kept increasing, the demand for wine increased day by day, which stimulated the development of wine industry and the improvement of wine-making technology. As the great poet Zheng Zhen in Qing Dynasty said, "There are thousands of wine crowns, and salt is above the Red River." At that time, the unique technology of Moutai was basically formed, and the production scale was not small. (Qing Daoguang) The Records of Zunyi Prefecture and the Records of Existing Rooms in Tian Ju said: Maotai liquor is produced in Maotai Village in the west of renhuai city, which is called the first in Guizhou, with pure sorghum as the material, followed by miscellaneous grains. The preparation method is: the cooking materials and distiller's yeast are put into the cellar and baked in the cellar the next month. Its koji is made of wheat and is called white water koji. The land is barren and the people are poor. Maotai burned more than 20 houses, and the cost of mountain food was no less than 20,000 stone. "

During the Qing Dynasty, Moutai was exported to Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Sichuan. Zhang Guohua's "Maotai Village" in the Qing Dynasty wrote: "An old Maotai village has countless bad mountains as its neighbors. Let you stop complaining and get drunk, which is even more intoxicating. Moutai is good today, and guests from Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan are coming. If you sell in a thousand miles market, no one will be surprised to fight! " In the Qing Dynasty, Lu Youshi praised the cloud: "Maotai smells like wine, three or five friends buy boats, the green waves are drunk, and the old fisherman wakes up on the hook." In the early years of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, Zhen Wu wrote in Qian Yu: "Jiu Nan has a long way to go, and the price is high. It is common to sell it and burn it in spring. Maotai Village is in Renhuai County, which is made by the natives by the river. It is called Maotai Spring, which is very clear ... "

During Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, an army led by Yang Longxi revolted in northern Guizhou. In the fourth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1854), he sent troops to suppress it and fought an army in Maotai. The village was reduced to a bustling market, and dozens of pubs in Maotai were destroyed by soldiers and wine bottles. After the war, in 1862, Hualiao Club opened "Chengyu Brewery" in Maotai (the predecessor of Cheng Yi Brewery), and Moutai gradually resumed its development.

During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, the dredging of Chishui River greatly increased the freight volume of Sichuan salt entering Guizhou. In addition, the reform of transportation and marketing system and the implementation of official transportation and commercial marketing have further prospered the salt transportation industry of Maotai and promoted its recovery and development. Famous wines such as "Maochun", "Maotai Shaochun" and "Huisha Maojiu" with special features this summer are also exported to other places. The unique technology of Moutai is also generally formed in this summer. According to "The Continuation of Zunyi House", it is recorded that: "Moutai liquor, the first record: it comes out of Ximaotai Village, Renhuai County, Guizhou Province, and the method of" Near Spring Residence Record ",with sorghum as sand, steamed with wheat flour, filled in pits, steamed and roasted, that is, roasted and brewed, must be made several times. At first, it was said to be sand production, three or four times it was said to be baking sand, and six or seven times it was said to be returning sand. In this way, the wine can finally be drunk, and the mellow taste of the product is made with various classics, not fake songs and spices. It is not easy to make, and it is difficult to imitate elsewhere, so it is called Maotai alone. "