Bee culture technology
Bee breeding technology, keeping bees can be an interesting and meaningful pastime, because a large number of bees can also get some honey, so you can get some benefits from it. Let's share with you the technology of bee breeding.
Bee culture technology 1 1, hive selection and hive layout
It is best for a beekeeping farm to meet the following conditions: ① there should be nectar plants near the bee farm; ② Leeward, sunny, quiet and flat places; ③ Stay away from driveways and sidewalks; ④ There should be a good natural water source near the bee farm.
The layout of beehives is mainly related to the environment and the size of the site, but some precautions should also be considered, such as the spacious site and the distance between boxes can be slightly evacuated to make bees easy to identify; The bottom of the box is about 5- 10 cm from the ground, and it is padded with bricks, wooden frames or stones.
2. Annual management of bees
The annual management of bee colony is the main link in honey cultivation. It can be said that the quality of management directly determines the income of breeding and the success or failure of breeding.
(1) spring management
In spring, the bee colony is in the period of recovery and development. How to make the bee colony recover and develop as soon as possible is the main purpose of the bee colony management in spring. Its main work is divided into three points. One is to choose sunny and warm weather 20-30 days before the honey source blooms in early spring, and open the box cover to promote the worker bees to fly out of the nest and excrete; Secondly, during the period of bee colony excretion, it is necessary to check the bee colony quickly around noon on sunny days; The third is reward feeding.
(2) Summer management
In summer, we should pay attention to the influence of high temperature on bee colony. First of all, keeping enough feed is a prerequisite for success in summer. Then, try to put the bee colony in a ventilated and cool place, feed water and spray water regularly, empty the spleen and put water into the bee colony.
(3) Autumn management
In autumn, after 1 year of continuous spawning, the spawning ability began to decline, so we should try to cultivate a new queen bee to replace the old queen bee. In addition, it is also very important to cultivate overwintering bees of suitable age. If the bee colony has no spleen, it is also necessary to control mites and minimize the parasitism rate of bee mites, so as to lay a good foundation for the reproduction of bee colonies in early spring next year.
(4) Overwintering management
Overwintering management refers to the management measures of bee colony feeding when bees stop their activities outside the nest and form a colony. The length of the overwintering period of bees depends on the duration of low temperature in winter everywhere. For example, bees in cold areas in northern China can live through the winter for 5-6 months at the longest. In addition, there are two ways for bees to overwinter: outdoor overwintering and indoor overwintering. The main contents of management include temperature regulation, enemy prevention and ventilation.
3. Prevention and treatment of common diseases
(1) White pathogen: Add 250,000 international units of nystatin, 200,000 international units of nystatin and 4 tablets of vitamin C to 2 kg of syrup and feed 40 spleens of bees. Once every other day, 4-5 times in a row.
(2) Wasps: The wasps are controlled by artificial culling and destroying hornets' nests. In addition, it is also feasible to mix DDT or trichlorfon with minced meat and put it on a plate near the bee farm to poison the wasp.
(3) Pesticide poisoning: The bees poisoned by pesticides should be removed from the spraying area as soon as possible, and the honey contaminated by pesticides should be shaken out and supplemented with dilute sugar water. In case of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, 0.05%~0. 1% atropine sulfate or 0. 1% pralidoxime should be added to the bee colony for supplementary feeding.
Bee culture technology II. Scientific site selection
The choice of bee breeding place is very important. A place rich in honey plants, warm in winter and cool in summer, ventilated and dry, is an ideal place to raise bees scientifically. Because the growth law of bees throughout the year is spring and summer decline, autumn and winter fall, which is greatly influenced by the external environment, beekeepers must meet the following conditions in the choice of venues if they want to raise bees well.
Summer: There should be shadows in this place, and the hive should not be exposed to direct sunlight. Good ventilation conditions and convenient use of water sources.
Winter: the site should be conducive to heat preservation and have conditions to block the north wind.
Second, manage bees scientifically.
1, the habits of bees
Bees like quiet, hives like darkness, and they are afraid of strong light, high temperature, cold and great temperature changes. And China's wild bee species, bees, wild, love to fly and escape, love to divide bees, mood swings, etc. Beekeepers must know more about the habits of bees, and it is not easy to make mistakes if they know more.
2. Don't interfere too much
Bees are semi-captive insects, and beekeepers can only control the bees for a while, but not for a lifetime. Therefore, if beekeepers understand the various habits of bees, they should create a harsh environment suitable for bees to survive, make them like living conditions and scientific daily feeding management methods.
In fact, bees in breeding don't need much human intervention, and they can live well themselves. Beekeepers must be clear about the concept of beekeeping. In the process of keeping bees artificially, beekeepers only help bees to spend the critical time, and should disturb bees less at other times in order to raise bees better.
Third, scientifically increase or decrease the nest and spleen.
In artificial bee colony, it is worthwhile to increase or decrease the nest spleen. Too early to increase the nest spleen, bees do not like to build spleen, too late to increase the nest spleen, easy to cause fever in bees. Losing the nest spleen too early will easily affect the development of bees, and losing the nest spleen too late will easily lead to temperature loss and various unfavorable factors in the hive. Only by scientifically increasing or decreasing the nest spleen can we raise bees better.
1, increase the pit and spleen.
To increase the nest spleen of the bee colony, honey plants should flow from the outside, the climate conditions should be suitable, the number of bees in the bee colony should be redundant enough, and it should be in the development period of bees. There is no increase in the nest spleen of queen bee during mating, which comes from queen bee platform, continuous rain, cooling, honey plants and so on.
2. Losing the nest and spleen
To reduce the nest spleen of bee colony, it is mainly to check the number of bees in bee colony. Exposed nest spleen is a taboo for beekeeping. If the number of bees cannot protect 90% of the nest spleen, it is necessary to reduce the nest spleen in time. Of course, in the wintering period, when keeping bees and treating diseases and pests in early spring, we should flexibly use the spleen-reducing nest to achieve better results.
Raising bees well is not as difficult as imagined, but it is not easy to achieve. Old beekeepers often teach us that if we want to raise bees well, we must keep their extra spleen. If we do a good job in three aspects: scientific site selection, scientific management of bees, and scientific increase or decrease of nests and spleen, it is really just around the corner to raise bees.
Bee breeding technology 3 1, breeding farm
Farms are usually in the mountains, where there are many flowers, trees and flowering plants. In this way, there is a rich food source, which can spend more honey and produce high honey, so that bees will not starve to death. Ask for a quiet place, otherwise the bees will easily run away in fright. It is best to have plants that bloom all year round, so that you can eat and store more food every season. Usually in mountainous areas with abundant water resources.
2. Honeycomb culture
Select the bees to be cultured and raise them in double boxes. The inside of the box should be divided into two parts. While keeping a swarm of bees, the queen bee should be open separately. There is room for honey in the middle, so that they can eat at the same time. When there is no food, you can feed them at the same time. The feeding amount should be completed in about two hours, and the finished flower powder cake should be fed. Feed mainly in winter, keep warm and avoid freezing to death.
3. Summer method
It is very hot in summer, so it is difficult for bees to go out for food. At the end of summer, there are not many flowers, only a few flowers and trees that bloom naturally. High temperature and lack of food are difficult times, so we should spend them safely. Leave more honey for bees in spring. In summer, move the hive to the shade and sprinkle water to cool down. You can open the window and cover it with a net.
4. Daily management
Bees will be divided when they grow to a certain number. It is necessary to prepare a new beehive, divide it manually, and take it away from the original place to avoid some bees flying back. This can expand the bee colony, and the newly separated bee colony should provide enough food. Pay attention to the situation of bees at ordinary times, keep good reproduction, and leave enough food for bees when taking honey.
5. Preventive measures
Wear protective clothing when opening the hive, checking or doing other things, and handle it carefully to prevent being stung. Be careful that bees are not hurt by other big bees. Check the hive and clean up the bugs inside. Check the hive gently, don't disturb the queen bee, it's easy to fly away and the colony will be scattered.
Choosing a suitable place to raise bees is related to the fact that bees are food sources and living environment. Summer is a critical period and must be spent safely.