What are the indications of vitamin B 12 tablets, vitamin C and vitamin AD capsules? Can these three vitamins be eaten with vitamin E?
Minerals are inorganic compounds necessary to maintain human nutrition and body function, and some vitamins and minerals may have synergistic effects. Some minerals need considerable amounts, such as calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine and magnesium; Some trace minerals are called trace elements (which play an important role in human body but need less), such as iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, iodine and copper.
[Drug Name] Vitamin A (Retinol)
[Other names] Vitamin A and retinol
Indications: Promote growth and maintain normal functions of epithelial tissues (such as skin, conjunctiva and cornea). ), enhance the photosensitivity of retina, and participate in many oxidation processes in the body (especially the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids). When vitamin A is deficient, growth stops, bones grow poorly, reproductive function declines, skin is rough and dry, and dry eye and night blindness appear. This product is easily absorbed by oral administration. Can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating night blindness and keratomalacia.
【 Precautions 】 ① Use with caution for lactating women (part of vitamin A is secreted in milk); ② Use with caution in patients with renal insufficiency.
[Drug Interaction] Aluminum hydroxide, mineral oil, sucralfate, neomycin and coleenamine can interfere with the absorption of this product.
Formula capsule
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. The preventive dose for adults is 5000 international units each time, every day 1 time; The preventive dose for children is 1500 ~ 2500 international units per day.
[Observation on medication] ① Fat and protein in food are closely related to the absorption of vitamin A by bile salts and vitamin E in the body, and the absorption is reduced if the above substances are lacking; ② Long-term high-dose administration can cause excessive vitamin A, even acute and chronic poisoning (the incidence rate of infants aged 6 months to 3 years is the highest). Acute poisoning is often manifested as abnormal excitement, dizziness, lethargy, diplopia, vomiting, diarrhea, peeling lips and palms. Chronic poisoning is characterized by loss of appetite, itchy skin, dry hair, alopecia, chapped lips, irritability, bone pain, easy fracture and increased intracranial pressure. Generally, it can disappear after stopping the drug 1 ~ 2 weeks; ③ Adults taking 1 time more than 1 10,000 international units, or children taking 1 time more than 300,000 international units may have acute poisoning symptoms; Whether adults or children take 654.38 million+international units every day for more than 6 months, it may lead to chronic poisoning. Once poisoned, stop taking medicine immediately; ④ The daily intake of pregnant women should not exceed 6,000 international units.
[Drug Name] Vitamin AD (Vitamin AD)
[Other names] Cod liver oil
Indications: Vitamin D and Vitamin A coexist in cod liver oil in nature. Used to supplement nutrition.
[dosage form] capsules (each capsule contains vitamin A3000 international units and vitamin D300 international units) and drops (each gram contains vitamin A5000 international units and vitamin D500 international units).
[Usage and dosage] ① Drops: 2 drops each time, 65438+ 0 ~ 3 times a day; ② Capsules: each time 1 capsule, 1 ~ 3 times a day.
【 Observation of medication 】
Adverse reactions ① Excessive use can cause chronic poisoning, with early manifestations of joint pain, swelling, itchy skin, chapped lips, weakness, fever, headache, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. , and should seek medical attention immediately; ② Extensive application can cause acute poisoning and even death.
Note: The ratio of vitamin A to vitamin D in this preparation is 10: 1. Long-term and large-scale use may easily lead to chronic vitamin A poisoning. Therefore, vitamin D preparation should be used to treat rickets.
[Drug Name] Vitamin B 1 (Vitamin B 1)
[Other names] Thiamine hydrochloride
Indications: Vitamin B 1 is necessary to participate in glucose metabolism. When lacking, it will affect the energy supply of the body, mainly the nervous and cardiovascular systems, as well as polyneuritis (paresthesia, neuralgia, limb weakness, muscle soreness and atrophy, etc. ) happens. Cardiovascular symptoms include palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness, cardiac hypertrophy, liver congestion and peripheral edema. The digestive tract is characterized by decreased appetite, leading to weakness and weight loss. The product can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating beriberi and neuritis.
[Drug Interaction] Vitamin B 1 is easily decomposed in alkaline solution and easily deteriorated when it is compatible with alkaline drugs (such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate).
Formulated tablets
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. Adults each time 10 mg, three times a day; Children take 5 ~ 10 mg each time, three times a day.
【 Observation of medication 】 ① Increasing the oral dose does not increase the absorption, so it is not appropriate to blindly increase the dose; ② Vitamin B 1 can generally be ingested through normal diet, but it is rare to have a single vitamin B 1 deficiency. If there are symptoms of deficiency, it is more appropriate to use vitamin B complex.
[Drug Name] Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
[Other names] Riboflavin
Indications: Vitamin B2 deficiency causes metabolic disorder, and its pathological changes are mainly manifested as inflammation of oral cavity, eyes and external genitalia (such as angular stomatitis, cheilitis, glossitis, conjunctivitis and bursitis). The product can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating oral ulcer, cheilitis and glossitis.
[Drug Interaction] ① Drinking alcohol (ethanol) affects the absorption of riboflavin in intestine; ② When using phenothiazine, tricyclic antidepressants, probenecid and other drugs, it is necessary to increase riboflavin; ③ This product should not be combined with metoclopramide.
Formulated tablets
[Usage and dosage] Oral: 0.6 ~ 10 mg each time, three times a day.
【 Observation of medication 】
Adverse reactions Urine will turn yellow when taken in large quantities.
Precautions ① The absorption effect of taking this product on an empty stomach is lower than that of taking it when eating, so it should be taken when eating or immediately after eating; ② It may interfere with the diagnosis: the fluorescence determination of catecholamine or bile in urine is false positive.
[Drug Name] Vitamin B6 (Vitamin B6).
[Other names] pyridoxine hydrochloride
Indications: Vitamin B6 participates in various metabolism in the body. The product can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating emesis, glossitis and dermatitis.
[Drug Interaction] ① Chloramphenicol, cycloserine, ethionine, hydrazine hydrochloride, immunosuppressants including adrenocortical hormone, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, isoniazid, penicillamine and other drugs can antagonize vitamin B6, or increase the excretion of vitamin B6 through the kidney, which may cause anemia or peripheral neuritis; ② The dosage of vitamin B6 should be increased when taking estrogen; ③ The combination of levodopa and low-dose vitamin B6 (5mg daily) can antagonize the anti-tremor effect of levodopa.
Sustained release tablets
[Usage and dosage] 0.6 ~ 20mg each time, 1 ~ 3 times a day.
【 Observation of medication 】
Adverse reactions It is reported that taking 200 mg of vitamin B6 every day for more than 30 days will lead to vitamin B6 dependence syndrome. Application of 2 ~ 6 grams a day for several months can cause serious nerve sensory abnormality, progressive gait instability, numbness of feet and inflexibility of hands, which can be relieved after drug withdrawal, but it is still weak.
Precautions ① Pregnant women taking a large amount of vitamin B6 will lead to vitamin B6 dependence syndrome in newborns. Normal intake by lactating women has no adverse effect on infants; ② It is not suitable to use high-dose vitamin B6 to treat some unproven diseases; ③ Vitamin B6 affects the curative effect of levodopa on Parkinson's disease, but has no effect on carbidopa; ④ It may interfere with the diagnosis (false positive urine bile test).
[Drug Name] Calcium pantothenate
[Other names] Calcium pantothenate
Indications Pantothenic acid is a vitamin B substance and a component of coenzyme A necessary for the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein. Usually its calcium salt is used to supplement nutrition together with other B vitamins. This product is used to supplement calcium pantothenate.
【 Precautions 】 Hemophilia patients should be cautious when using this product (pantothenic acid can prolong bleeding time).
[dosage form] tablets. 5 mg 10 mg 30 mg.
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 3 ~ 20mg each time, three times a day.
【 Observation on medication 】 ① When suffering from malabsorption syndrome caused by tropical stomatitis diarrhea, celiac disease or limited enteritis, the demand for pantothenic acid increases.
[Drug Name] Nicotinic acid
[Other names] Nicotinic acid
Indications: This product is used for supplementing nutrition and treating glossitis and dermatitis.
【 Precautions 】 ① Arterial bleeding; ② Diabetes (the dosage of nicotinic acid has a great influence on glucose tolerance); ③ Glaucoma; ④ gout; ⑤ Hyperuricemia; 6 liver disease; ⑦ Ulcer (large dose can cause ulcer activity).
[Drug Interaction] ① Isoniazid can prevent nicotinic acid from combining with coenzyme I, resulting in nicotinic acid deficiency; ② When nicotinic acid is combined with adrenergic receptor blocking antihypertensive drugs, such as guanethidine, its vasodilating effect is synergistically enhanced, which can produce orthostatic hypotension.
Formulated tablets
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 40 ~ 100 mg each time, three times a day.
【 Observation of medication 】
Adverse reactions ① The general adverse reactions of nicotinic acid include: feeling warm, red skin (especially face and neck) and headache; Excessive intake of nicotinic acid can lead to diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, dry skin, itching, dry eyes, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and so on. ③ Occasionally a large amount of nicotinic acid can cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, arrhythmia and hepatotoxic reaction; ④ Generally, after taking nicotinic acid for 2 weeks, vasodilation and gastrointestinal discomfort can be gradually relieved, and the above reactions can be avoided by gradually increasing the dosage. If there is severe skin flushing, itching and gastrointestinal discomfort, the dosage should be reduced.
Precautions may interfere with the diagnosis: the fluorescence determination of catecholamine concentration in urine is false positive, and the urine glucose Bancroft reagent determination is false positive (only when high dose nicotinic acid is used).
[Drug Name] Nicotinamide
[Other names] Vitamin PP
Indications: Nicotinamide deficiency can affect the normal respiration and metabolism of cells and cause pellagra. This product is easily absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, and it is distributed in whole body tissues after absorption. Can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating glossitis and dermatitis.
【 Precautions 】 Women should not use it in early pregnancy.
[Drug Interaction] Isoniazid and nicotinamide have antagonistic effects. When taking isoniazid for a long time, nicotinamide should be supplemented appropriately.
Formulated tablets
[Usage and dosage] Oral: 40 ~ 100 mg for adults, three times a day.
【 Observation of medication 】 Common skin flushing and itching, some patients may feel dizziness, nausea, loss of appetite and other discomfort during medication, which can disappear automatically after stopping medication.
[Drug Name] Folic acid (Vitamin M)
[Other names] Vitamin M, vitamin Bc, and pteroyl glutamic acid
Indications: substances necessary for cell growth and division, involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids and amino acids in vivo.
Together with vitamin B 12, it promotes the growth and maturation of red blood cells. Clinically, it is used for various megaloblastic anemia, especially for megaloblastic anemia caused by malnutrition or increased folic acid requirement in infants and pregnant women. ② Combined with other drugs to treat tumor.
[dosage form] tablets. 15mg.
【 Usage and Dosage 】 The dosage for adults is 5 ~ 10mg/ time, 3 times/day, until the hemogram returns to normal. Children 5 mg/time, 3 times/day.
[Observation on medication] Folic acid is basically non-toxic and has few allergic reactions. Some patients may have gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, nausea and abdominal distension after taking folic acid for a long time. When taking folic acid in large quantities, it will lead to yellowing of urine.
[Drug Name] Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
[Other names] Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, Liduoshan and Vidicon
Indications Vitamin C plays an important role in biological redox process and cell respiration. Vitamin C participates in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, collagen synthesis and tissue interstitial synthesis, which can reduce capillary permeability, stimulate blood coagulation function, increase resistance to infection, and participate in detoxification, antihistamine and prevent carcinogen (nitrosamine) production. The product is used for supplementing nutrition and treating scurvy, gingival swelling and gingival bleeding, as well as for various acute and chronic infectious diseases or other diseases to enhance resistance, recover after illness and heal wounds, and also for adjuvant treatment of allergic diseases.
【 Precautions 】 ① Cysteinuria; ② gout; ③ hyperoxaluria; ④ oxalate deposition; ⑤ Uric acid kidney calculi; ⑥ Diabetes (vitamin C may interfere with blood sugar quantification); ⑦ Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (which can cause hemolytic anemia); 8 cases of hemophilia; Pet-name ruby sideroblastic anemia or thalassemia (can increase iron absorption); Attending sickle cell anemia (can cause hemolysis).
〕 Drug interaction 〕 ① Compatibility with vitamin K3 can produce redox reaction, which weakens or disappears the curative effect of both; ② It should not be compatible with alkaline drugs (such as aminophylline, sodium bicarbonate, sodium glutamate, etc.). ), riboflavin, trichlorotert-butyl alcohol and copper iron ion (trace) solution, so as not to affect the curative effect; ③ Combination with heparin or warfarin can shorten prothrombin time; ④ Salicylic acid can increase the excretion of vitamin C.
[Formulation] Tablets, chewable tablets, effervescent tablets and granules
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 30-500mg each time, 2-3 times a day, with a maximum of 1 g per day.
【 Observation of medication 】
Adverse reactions ① Long-term administration of 2 ~ 3 grams per day can cause scurvy after drug withdrawal; ② Long-term and large-scale application of vitamin C can cause urate, cysteine or oxalate stones; ③ Extensive application (above 1g per day) can cause diarrhea, bright skin, headache, frequent urination (above 600 mg per day), nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps and other reactions.
Precautions ① It can destroy the complexation between vitamin B 12 in food and copper and zinc ions in food, hinder absorption, and may lead to vitamin B 12 or copper and zinc deficiency; ② The preparation cannot be used after it turns yellow.
[Drug name] Vitamin D2 or D3 (calciferol)
[Other names] Calmodulin
Indications: When vitamin D is deficient, the human body's ability to absorb calcium and phosphorus decreases, the levels of calcium and phosphorus in blood are low, bone formation is hindered, and even bone salt is dissolved again-rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. This product is absorbed quickly by oral administration, reaching the peak in 3 ~ 6 hours. Is used for supplementing nutrition and preventing and treating rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis in children. Calcium should also be supplemented.
Contraindications: hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and renal rickets are prohibited.
[Drug Interaction] ① Taking barbiturates or phenytoin sodium at the same time can accelerate the metabolism of this product; ② Sphingosine can reduce the absorption of this product.
Preparation [dosage form] Tablets and capsules
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. The preventive dose for adults is 0.0 1 ~ 0.02 mg (400 ~ 800 international units) per day; The preventive dose for children is 0.0125 ~ 0.025mg (500 ~ 1000 international units) per day.
【 Observation of medication 】
Adverse reactions ① Excessive use of vitamin D by infants can lead to developmental retardation, facial deformation and even death due to renal failure; ② Daily dosage of more than 65,438+0.25 mg (50,000 international units) may cause hypercalcemia in normal people or children, cause systemic vascular calcification, renal calcium precipitation and soft tissue calcification, and lead to hypertension; ③ The early symptoms of vitamin D poisoning are weakness, loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive drinking, polyuria and mental changes. The presence of proteinuria indicates kidney damage.
Precautions ① The sensitivity of infants to vitamin D varies greatly among individuals, and some infants are very sensitive to small doses of vitamin D; ② Use with caution in patients with arteriosclerosis, cardiac insufficiency, hypercholesterolemia and hyperphosphatemia, and in pregnant women.
[Drug Name] Alfacalcidol Capsules
[Other names] Active vitamin D3
Indications: vitamins and minerals. This product is the active metabolite of vitamin D3, and has the function of regulating inorganic salts in bone. It can be used for treating various symptoms caused by chronic renal failure complicated with osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D-resistant rickets and osteomalacia, such as hypocalcemia, hand-foot convulsion, bone pain, osteopathy or osteoporosis.
【 Precautions 】 Pregnant women and women who may be pregnant should use it with caution.
[Contraindications] Hypercalcemia is prohibited.
[Drug Interaction] Patients who are taking anticoagulants, antiepileptic drugs, antacid aluminum preparations, magnesium-calcium preparations, thiazide diuretics and digitalis drugs should use them under the guidance of a doctor.
[Formulation] Capsule. Each capsule contains 0.25 μ g of alfacalcidol.
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. Chronic renal insufficiency complicated with osteoporosis, the initial dose for adults is 2 ~ 4 times.
Granules, daily 1 time, maintenance dose is daily 1 ~ 2 capsules. Hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D resistant rickets
For adults with rickets and osteomalacia, 4 ~ 16 capsules each time, once a day. Children's daily weight is 0.2 capsules/kg, per day 1.
Time. Personal dose should be increased or decreased according to age and disease. Serum calcium concentration should be monitored at the same time.
【 Observation of medication 】
Adverse reactions ① The digestive system occasionally suffers from loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea and constipation.
Rare thirst and stomachache. ② The mental and nervous system occasionally suffers from headache, heavy head, insomnia, impatience, weakness of limbs,
Burnout, rare dizziness, drowsiness, chest and back pain, senile deafness, tinnitus and memory loss. ③ circulatory system
Occasionally, blood pressure rises, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine rise (renal dysfunction), and palpitations are rare. ④ Others can.
Skin reactions such as rash, itching and heat sensation, conjunctival congestion, calcification around joints, kidney calculi and sound.
Adverse reactions such as hoarseness.
Precautions ① To prevent overdose, serum calcium should be monitored regularly. ② Patients with hyperphosphatemia
, should be used in combination with aluminum hydroxide gel. ③ Avoid simultaneous application with vitamin D drugs.
[Drug Name] Vitamin E (vitamin E, tocopherol)
[Other names] Tocopherol
Indications: Vitamin E has effects on reproductive function and lipid metabolism, and maintains the normal function of reproductive system. When lacking, it may be difficult to fertilize or lead to habitual abortion. This product is used for supplementing nutrition and adjuvant treatment of habitual abortion and infertility.
Formula capsule
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 5 ~ 50 mg each time, 2 ~ 3 times a day.
【 Observation of medication 】
Long-term application of adverse reactions (more than 6 months) is likely to cause platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Long-term use of large doses can lead to nausea, headache, fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision, menorrhagia, amenorrhea and other reactions. In some cases, symptoms such as chapped skin, cheilitis, angular stomatitis, gastrointestinal dysfunction and myasthenia gravis may occur, which can gradually disappear after stopping taking the drug. Occasionally, it can cause hypoglycemia, thrombophlebitis and prothrombin reduction.
Precautions ① When selenium, vitamin A and sulfur-containing amino acids in food are insufficient or contain a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, the demand for vitamin E will increase greatly. If the product is not replenished in time, it may cause shortage; (2) Taking more than 300mg daily for a long time may cause bleeding, hypertension, reproductive dysfunction, and even lead to breast cancer; ③ The daily dose is more than 400 mg, and the course of treatment is more than 1 year, especially when combined with estrogen, the chance of inducing thrombophlebitis increases.
[Drug Name] Vitamin B Complex
[Other names] Vitamin B complex, Viagra, Viagra
Indications: Vitamin B can be supplemented for vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 deficiency, malnutrition, pellagra, anorexia, etc.
[Drug Interaction] Try not to use metoclopramide (metoclopramide).
[dosage form] tablets. Contains vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate, etc.
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 2 ~ 4 tablets each time, 3 times a day; Children take 1 tablet, 2 ~ 3 times a day.
【 Observation on medication 】 ① After a large number of applications, irritability, fatigue, loss of appetite and other reactions may occur; ② Individual patients have skin flushing, itching and dizziness; ③ Urine may be yellow; ④ It may interfere with some laboratory tests.
[Drug Name] β -carotene
Indications: It is clinically used for ① prevention and treatment of vitamin A deficiency. ② Treatment of photosensitive erythropoietic porphyria can prevent leukoplakia and albinism. ③ Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases can significantly increase high density lipoprotein, which has certain preventive and therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. ④ Prevention and treatment of various tumors. ⑤ Prevention and treatment of senile cataract and central serous chorioretinopathy. ⑥ It can be used for adjuvant treatment of peptic ulcer and chronic persistent hepatitis. ⑦ Used to weaken the damage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to the body.
[Formulation] Capsule. 15mg/capsule.
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. Generally,1.5 ~ 30mg each time, 1 ~ 3 times a day.
【 Observation of medication 】
Adverse reactions The side effects of this product have not been reported. Long-term use will lead to yellowing of the skin. If you stop using or reduce the use, the yellowing will naturally fade.
Precautions ① Long-term oral administration of a large amount of β -carotene (30 ~ 40 mg/d) can cause skin irritation.
Yellow, but not toxic. Low doses of diabetes or hyperhidrosis can also cause yellowing of the skin. You can recover after stopping using it. ②
Generally speaking, the preventive effect of β -carotene is greater than the therapeutic effect. Treatment can only be used as an adjuvant treatment.
[Drug Name] Multivitamins
[Other names] Shierkang, Xiaoerkang, Anerkang, Jinsherkang, 2 1 Jinweita, Xiancun, Xiaoerxian Village, Liuhe Weita and Baobaole
Indications: This product contains a variety of vitamins, trace elements and minerals, which can improve physical fitness, increase resistance and restore health and vitality. Used to supplement vitamins and trace elements.
[Formulation] Tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, oral liquids, granules and drops. May contain vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, nicotinamide, biotin, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, iron, magnesium, zinc, boron, manganese, potassium, zinc.
【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. Every time 1 capsule, every day 1 time.
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