Please write an article about Hakka Weilong House, about 800 words (the more you write, the better, the more satisfied I will be!)
The traditional living habits of Meizhou people are to build houses near farmland or near mountains and live in groups. Often dozens or hundreds of families from a clan form their own village. The customs and forms of residential buildings have changed in different historical periods. The most representative Hakka residential building is the "Wailed Dragon House". This house style has been praised by Chinese and foreign architectural circles as the five major residential buildings in China (i.e., Beijing courtyard house, northern Shaanxi cave dwellings, eastern Guangdong Hakka surrounded by dragon house, Guangxi Ganlan style , Yunnan Bamboo House) one of the characteristics.
The structure of the Weirongwu house is generally "three halls, two horizontals and one outer dragon". There are dragon halls, flowerbeds, upper halls, middle halls, lower halls, sky steps (patio), north and south halls, Flower hall, porch, back porch, hand porch, main hall, horizontal room, dragon room, bathroom, kitchen, etc. There is a main door in the center of the house, and small doors (side doors) on both sides. Entering along the left and right side doors is a horizontal house, and then the two horizontal houses extend backward to form a half-moon shape. A hemispherical slope higher than the foundation of the front house should be built between the back of the back hall and the enclosed house, commonly known as a "flower tire". The flower tread is covered with pebbles or paved with turf or flowers, similar to a back garden. There is a spacious gate, and a half-moon-shaped pond is dug in front of the gate. Trees are planted behind the enclosed house, commonly known as "wind-encircled trees". House buildings in both urban and rural areas are all made of lime brick walls and tiles. Most of the dragon houses have single dragons, there are also double dragons and multiple dragons.
The Weilongwu architecture has the following characteristics: First, it pays attention to Feng Shui. Generally, buildings are built at the foothills of mountains and rivers. The homestead is preferably built with majestic mountains, flat and spacious foothills, surrounded by green water, mountains on the left and right, and peaks in the distance that look like pen tips. The construction orientation is generally chosen to face north to south or west to east. In summer, the south wind blows on the window to avoid west sunlight. In winter, the leeward direction faces the sun and there is sufficient lighting.
The second is to pay attention to symmetry. Buildings generally take the north and south meridian as the central axis, are symmetrical on the east and west sides, low in front and high in back, with clear priorities and orderly placement. Taking the longitudinal axis of the main hall as the base point, the surrounding dragon is higher than the upper hall, the upper hall is higher than the middle hall, and the middle hall is higher than the lower hall. The horizontal rooms on both sides are aligned and perpendicular to the plane of the main hall. A symmetrical courtyard house structure is adopted, which is arranged overlapping front, back, left, and right, and is centered on the front of the house. The pond and the "Weilong" behind the main hall are combined into a Tai Chi-shaped whole.
The third is to pay attention to supporting facilities. There is a half-moon-shaped pond in front, which has the functions of water storage, fish farming, fire prevention, and drought prevention. There is a main gate on the periphery, a dou square is built in front of the gate, and a wall is built along the gate. There is a spacious gate area upon entering the main gate, which is used for sunbathing, enjoying the shade, practicing martial arts, etc. The big room in the middle behind Menping is the main hall, which is divided into upper, middle and lower halls. There is a shrine and an ancestral niche in the upper hall, and swords, spears, forks, lion drums, gongs and cymbals are also arranged on both sides. The central hall is the main place for clan meetings and banquets. The lower hall is where during weddings and funerals, the invited bronze drum and eight-tone troupe set up a music stage and the bearers set up their banquets. The rooms on both sides of the upper and lower halls are called the main room, where parents and the eldest son live. The Hakka people have a saying that "the eldest son does not move here". The halls on the left and right of the upper and lower halls are called the south and north halls, which are the reception rooms. The house next to the horizontal house between the middle and lower halls is called the Flower Hall. There is a patio at the door, a flower pond and a rockery. It is a place for reading and writing. There is a house on the left and right of the main hall, called the pillow house, with complete facilities such as bedrooms, kitchen, well, utility room, etc. The open-air part between the main hall and the pillow house is called the patio, which is used for ventilation, lighting, drainage and as a fire barrier in case of fire.
The fourth is to pay attention to decoration. The walls of the hall are mostly decorated with paintings with profound meanings, such as "Farming in the Spring Suburbs", "Reading at Night", "Mulan Joins the Army", etc.; the movable screens in the hall are exquisite sculptures; the corridors connecting the halls are decorated with flowers. There are windows; flowers and evergreen trees are planted in the patio and Huatou Village; there are various carvings and paintings on the pillars, beams and brackets; most of the eaves are carved with hardwood into patterns such as beast heads; there are stone lions, archways, etc. on the outer gate.
Meizhou has certain representative Weilong houses: Nanhua Youlu, Yuanlu, Dihuaju, Chongqingdi, Guangludi, Nine Halls and Eighteen Wells, Jiudongju, etc.