How to raise flowers and sundew?
Growth habit of 1 Solanum lyratum Thunb.
Sunflower is a tropical plant, which likes warm, humid and semi-shaded environment. The cold tolerance is not strong, the leaves turn yellow below 20℃, and the lowest winter temperature should be above 10℃, and it will freeze to death at about 5℃. Therefore, southern China can still be cultivated in the open field, and the Yangtze River basin and its northern area should be preserved in greenhouses. Growth is slow in seedling stage and rapid in later stage. Suitable for loose, well-drained and fertile soil. Dense foliage, evergreen seasons, strong shade tolerance.
2. Method of ramet propagation of Solanum lyratum Thunb
1. Plant division: Plant division can be carried out all year round, usually around April in combination with changing pots. Choose plants with many tillers at the base, remove part of the old pot soil, and let it be divided into several clusters from the joint at the base with a knife. Plant ash or sulfur powder should be used for wound disinfection. Generally, after 1 ~ 2 years of maintenance, it can become a potted commodity.
2. Sowing: If Solanum nigrum can get seeds, you can wash the harvested fruit pulp, soak it in warm water at 35℃ for two days, and then sow. When they germinate, spray more foliar water on sunny days. Generally, the growth is slow in childhood and rapid in adulthood.
3. Cultivation method of Solanum lyratum Thunb
1. Transplanting: firstly, put a coarse-grained substrate with a thickness of 2 ~ 3 cm at the bottom of the basin as a filter layer, sprinkle a layer of fully decomposed organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer with a thickness of about 1 ~ 2 cm, then cover it with a thin-layer substrate with a thickness of about 1 ~ 2 cm, and then put it into the plant to separate the fertilizer from the root system.
2. Soil: acidic soil should be selected for indoor potted plants of Solanum lyratum Thunb, and sandy loam with high humus content should be paid attention to in the north. The culture soil can be made of humus soil, peat soil, 1/3 river sand and part of base fertilizer. The growth of tillering buds depends on rhizomes, so it is slightly deeper than the original planting when potted, so as to avoid the new buds from taking root better. May ~ 65438+ 10 is its vigorous growth period, so it is necessary to provide sufficient water and fertilizer conditions.
3. Watering: The watering of geranium should follow the principle of drying thoroughly with the seasons, with more watering in dry and hot seasons and water control in rainy days at low temperature. In the north of China, especially in places with high salt and alkali content in water, attention should be paid to regularly adjusting soil acidity with black alum. Keep the basin soil moist at ordinary times. During the high temperature period in summer and autumn, we should always keep the air humidity around the plants high, but we should avoid water accumulation in the basin soil to avoid root rot.
4. Fertilization: Generally, decomposed liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer is applied once every 65,438+0 ~ 2 weeks to promote vigorous plant growth and dark green leaves. Nitrogen-containing organic fertilizer should be properly applied in summer, and organic flower fertilizer such as sesame sauce residue can be applied in winter, while keeping the soil moist and dry.
5. Temperature: Sunflowers like warmth, and the optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 35℃. When the temperature is above 35℃ or below 10℃, the foot leaves will turn from green to yellow if the cultivation management is slightly improper. Do a good job of heat preservation and antifreeze in winter. Generally, it is safe to overwinter at about 65438 00℃. If the temperature is too low, the leaves will turn yellow, the tip will dry up and the root system will be damaged, which will affect the growth in the coming year.
6, lighting: Sunflowers should be shaded in summer, and direct sunlight is the most taboo. Even short-term exposure will lead to brown leaves and it is difficult to recover. Half shade is better, and 50% shade should be provided in spring, summer and autumn. Indoor cultivation and viewing should be placed in strong scattered light, but it can also withstand dark environment, but it is best to move to outdoor light for maintenance regularly, so as to facilitate recovery and maintain a high viewing state.
7. Pruning: After two years of continuous leaf harvesting and leaf cutting cultivation, plants should be fully rejuvenated and necessary equipment maintenance, mainly the maintenance of shading equipment, because with the continuous growth of plants, shading equipment can no longer meet the requirements of plant growth height, and it is easy to break the sunshade net in typhoon season. The second is the rejuvenation of plants.
8. Change pots: change pots every 2-3 years in early spring 1 time, and old plants change pots every 3-4 years 1 time. After changing the pot, it should be placed in a semi-shady place with high air humidity, and the yellow branches and leaves should be cut off in time.
4. Precautions for Sanweikui
1. Humidity management: Sunflowers like humid climate, and the relative temperature of air in the growing environment is required to be 70 ~ 80%. If the relative humidity of the air is too low, the tip of the blade will be dry.
2. Temperature management: Japanese mallow is native to tropical areas and likes high temperature environment, so it has strict requirements on the temperature in winter. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, the growth is slow and it begins to enter a semi-dormant or dormant state. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, it is not safe to overwinter. In summer, when the temperature is higher than 35℃, it can be tolerated, but its growth will be temporarily hindered. The optimum growth temperature is 65438 08 ~ 30℃.
3. Lighting management: Sunflowers are not strict with lighting requirements, like sunlight and are tolerant to semi-shade, but they grow better in the case of sufficient light.
4. Fertilizer and water management: For potted plants, in addition to adding organic fertilizer into the pot, proper fertilizer and water management should also be carried out in the usual maintenance process.
5, reasonable pruning: winter pruning, in winter when plants enter dormancy or semi-dormancy, should be thin, insect pests, dead, too dense and other branches cut off.
How to raise aloe?
Aloe vera has a high penetration rate and the prices of common varieties are also cheap. But many flower lovers can't raise aloe correctly. They didn't know how to raise aloe, but they all thought it was good at first. Slowly, it's either rotten roots or rotten roots. It doesn't matter. Let's take a look at the maintenance points of aloe vera: 1. Aloe vera is extremely drought-resistant, and it will not die if it is not watered for a long time, but its growth is inhibited and its leaves wither. At this time, proper watering will soon be done. Therefore, we would rather have less water than more water when raising aloe vera.
For example, a flower friend put a basin of aloe on the windowsill, and didn't water it during the period. After half a year, aloe is still growing. If this florist watered it once a week, maybe this basin of aloe would have died long ago.
2, the choice of soil, because most of Huayou's aloe are directly purchased potted plants, so the pot soil is used by merchants, which is not conducive to the long-term growth of aloe. It is recommended to change the soil, but the sand is better, or other soil with good water permeability, do not use soil with good water retention.
3, ventilation, no matter what plants, ventilation is very important, some flower friends' aloe vera belongs to the small potted plant in the office, which seems to have good light, but it is not ventilated. In this case, be sure to ventilate as much as possible and water less.
In fact, aloe is a very strong plant. As long as you are careful not to water too much, it is still very easy to raise!
How to raise dragon blood tree
Dracaena, also known as pig's feet, is a perennial evergreen shrub or tree of Dracaena in Liliaceae. The blade is sword-shaped with dense branches. When it was young, its color was bright green. After molding, it becomes bright red or purple, milky white, bronze and pink, colorful and beautiful. The ovary of this genus is three-loculed, with one ovule in each locule and only three seeds in each fruit. Dragon's Blood Tree Dragon's Blood Tree is native to Canary Islands in Atlantic Ocean, and likes warm, humid and sunny environment. It is not difficult to cultivate Dracaena, as long as the light is sufficient and the air is moist and fresh, it can flourish. Dragon's blood tree is relatively large and can grow to 4 meters. Of course, it is also relatively small. If the family is not very big, it is not recommended to raise this one, which takes up more space. The leaves spread from the top of the stem, which is very beautiful. The dragon's blood tree has a faint fragrance and the flowers are white. It is elegant, interesting and exotic in the hall, living room and bedroom. Dragon's blood tree basically has no function, and it is good as an ornamental. Dragon's blood tree is hollow. When firewood is used, it will not catch fire but smoke. It is the best ornamental. General experience in raising Dracaena includes but is not limited to the following:
1. Fertilize 1-2 times a month after planting, and keep the soil moist, and like loose sandy loam with good drainage.
2, its shape is not so beautiful, and the leaves are in many colors, and the leaves inside are lighter. Dragon's blood tree has strong adaptability to light, and can be placed in dark and bright places. As for the maintenance of leaves, it takes a long time to sprinkle water so that the leaves will not fall or rot.
3. When transplanting, first remove a layer of skin with a knife, then fertilize the dragon's blood tree, seep water, check the hydration at any time, and sprout slowly.
4. Long-term rearing of Dracaena on balcony or indoor windowsill is easy to grow red spiders; Starscream often hides on the back of branches and leaves or in dense places, and it is easier to catch it by artificial dragnet. If chemical treatment is adopted, 20% triclosan emulsion can be added with 800- 1000 times of water to make a solution for spraying. This medicine has a good killing effect on adults, nymphs and eggs. You can also add 1000- 1500 times of water into 50% dichlorvos emulsion to make a solution for spraying, and pay attention to spraying on the back of the leaves when spraying, so that the killing effect is better.
5. Dracaena loves the light but is afraid of the sun exposure. Dragon's blood tree likes warm, humid and sunny environment, and is resistant to semi-shade and dryness. There is plenty of light and the leaves are brightly colored.
6. The application of chemical fertilizer should be thin, less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. The golden stripes of leaves are not obvious, and fertilization should be stopped during winter dormancy.
7. The lowest temperature in winter is 5~ 10C. When the temperature is too low, brown patches will appear at the tip and edge of the leaves.
How to raise cyclamen?
1 growth habit of cyclamen persicum.
Cyclamen likes warmth and is afraid of heat. It grows best in cool environment and fertile sandy loam rich in humus. Cold-resistant, can withstand the low temperature of 0℃ without freezing.
Its growing season is from autumn to the following spring, and it is semi-dormant in summer. The suitable growth temperature in winter is between 12- 16℃, and it should not exceed 18-22℃ when promoting flowers. Plants above 0℃ will go into dormancy, plants above 35℃ will rot and die easily, and they can tolerate low temperature in winter, but below 5℃.
Supplementing carbon dioxide gas in winter can promote growth and flowering. The growing period needs an environment with moist air and plenty of sunshine.
2 Cyclamen reproduction method
The propagation methods of cyclamen persicum mainly include sowing propagation, tuber propagation and tissue culture propagation. Let's take a look at the propagation method of cyclamen!
1, sowing and breeding
The seeds of cyclamen persicum can only be obtained by artificial pollination. Seeds usually mature in May and should be harvested in time. Cyclamen seeds are large, with a 1000-grain weight of about 10g, and the germination rate is generally 85%-95%. In order to promote the germination of seeds, the seeds can be soaked in cold water for 24 hours or in warm water at 30℃ for 2-3 hours before sowing, and then the adhesions on the surface of the seeds are cleaned and wrapped with wet cloth to accelerate the germination. The temperature of 1-2 days is kept at 25℃, and the seeds can be taken out for sowing when they germinate slightly. The sowing time is usually from September to June, 10, and you can sow in a common flowerpot.
Sowing soil is preferably sandy loam rich in humus, which can only be used after fine screening. When the leaves of the seedlings are fully unfolded, the 1 transplant can be carried out. When transplanting seedlings, ordinary flowerpots can still be used, and the pot soil is the same as the sowing soil. Seedling spacing is about 3cm, and watering can should be used immediately after transplanting. Always keep the seedling pots moist in the future.
When the seedlings grow to three leaves and the bulbs grow to 5-6 mm in diameter, the pots should be planted in time. It can be directly transplanted into a small pot with a diameter of 9cm.
The screened pot soil is prepared by mixing 20% humus soil, 20% garden soil, 50% yellow sand and 1% decomposed manure powder. When transplanting, try to bring small soil balls to make them flush with the soil surface. After transplanting, sprinkle them with water and put them in the indoor sun. After the seedlings resume growth, they should be watered and fertilized in time. It usually blooms in the second winter.
2. Split tuber propagation
Cyclamen tuber can't split into bulbs naturally, so it can't split into bulbs like common bulbs and needs artificial cutting propagation. Generally, when the tuber is about to germinate in late August, the tuber is vertically cut into several pieces from the top, each piece should have a bud eye, and the cut is coated with plant ash. After a little air drying, it can be planted in a flowerpot, carefully managed, and soon the leaves will bloom.
3. Tissue culture and propagation
In tissue culture and propagation of cyclamen persicum, stamens, tubers, leaves and young stems can be used as explants, which are usually collected from annual or biennial young plants, among which tubers are the easiest to induce seedlings. Tubers can be used as explants on MS medium, MS+3mg/L 6-BA+ 1mg/L NAA as induction medium, 1/2MS+0.3mg/L NAA as rooting medium and MS+3mg/L 6-BA+0.4mg/L NAA as subculture medium.
3 cultivation methods of cyclamen persicum
The dormant bulbs of cyclamen generally begin to sprout new buds from the end of August to the middle of September, so the pot soil should be replaced in time. The proportion of cultivated soil is humus soil 30%, yellow sand 40%, garden soil 20%, and decomposed dry manure 1%. When changing pots, bulbs only occupy part of the soil and should not be planted too deep. Generally, it is appropriate that the top of bulb is exposed to the soil surface 1/3. After initial planting, the pot soil should not be too wet. If there is a little water, you can water it gradually according to the germination of plants and give plenty of sunshine. After the leaves grow out, the soil in the basin should always be moist. At the same time, topdressing 1 time per week until fertilization is stopped before flowering. When fertilizing and watering, avoid flooding the dome, otherwise the terminal buds will rot easily. Rinse with water after each fertilization 1 time.
Cyclamen adult bulbs generally bloom in early February of 65438+ and reach full bloom in February and March of the following year. In order to prolong the flowering period, it can be placed in a lower temperature place after flowering. Since then, with the increase of outside temperature, the flowering will gradually decrease in May, but the varieties with late flowering can still bloom in June. Because it is cooler in summer in the north, some varieties can bloom in summer as long as they are ventilated and shaded. However, most of them begin to shed their leaves after June. At this time, watering should be gradually reduced to keep the basin soil slightly dry.
Will enter the dormant period in July. During hibernation, the room must be well ventilated, keep a cool environment, the highest temperature should not exceed 30℃, water less, and especially avoid rain.
The flowering of cyclamen bulbs will be delayed year by year, but the number of flowers is more, up to more than 50 at a time. After four years of flowering, the old bulbs will gradually age, the number of flowers will be greatly reduced, and the cultivation value will be lost. The bulbs will rot easily and should be updated in time.
4 management and maintenance of cyclamen persicum
The soil should be loose during cultivation, and 2 parts of humus soil, 1 part of garden soil and a small amount of calcium superphosphate can be added. It can also be used as dry crushed river mud or as culture soil mixed with 2 parts of peat and 1 part of perlite. Culture soil needs fumigation and disinfection. When changing pots, we should gradually increase flowerpots according to the plant size, and it is not appropriate to use large pots to raise seedlings directly. Planting should be shallow. When big seedlings are put into pots for changing pots, 2/3- 1/2 of the balls should live on the soil surface to avoid the balls from being damp and rotting in the soil. Avoid applying thick fertilizer, which is easy to damage the root system. Top dressing can be about 3 times a month. Before fertilization, it is advisable to loosen the soil first, and topdressing should be selected in sunny days. Fertilizer should not be applied from the top of the plant, but from the side. Water should be sprayed after fertilization. The maintenance and management of cyclamen can be roughly divided into five stages:
1, seedling stage: the first leaf is long, and it should be transplanted when the true leaves first appear. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, they can be planted in flowerpots with a diameter of 10cm. In the future, with the growth of plants, you can change a larger flowerpot, and the time for changing flowerpots should not exceed June at the latest. If the seedlings are small, let them spend the summer in a small flowerpot. The seedlings should be covered. When the weather is hot, you should always loosen the soil, weed, water and fertilize.
2. Seedling protection stage in summer: high temperature in summer is extremely unfavorable to the growth of Cyclamen persicum, and the application of cooling equipment to reduce the ambient temperature can make it spend the summer safely. In order to avoid high temperature, you can use two layers of shading nets to shade the sun, control watering and stop fertilization.
3. Flowering in the first year: resume growth after autumn, gradually increase watering amount and apply thin fertilizer. 65438+ put it in a sunny place in mid-October. The air in the greenhouse should be humid. Fertilize 2-3 times a month. 65438+From mid-February to early February, fertilization is generally not needed, but if it is in a high temperature environment, fertilization may not stop. Generally, flowers begin to bloom in June 165438+ 10.
4. Bulb closing stage in summer: After May, leaves gradually turn yellow, so watering should be stopped gradually to make them dormant. After the leaves are completely withered, they should be placed in a low-temperature and ventilated environment to make the bulbs spend the summer safely. Generally put the basin in a cool and dark place.
5. Flowering in the second year: After the hot summer, water the bulbs slightly to revive and germinate. After germination, change the pot with new culture soil and remove the corrupt roots. If it is maintained in the greenhouse, it will bloom in about 65438+February. After flowering, it enters the dormant period of summer bulbs. Newly propagated seedlings generally begin to bloom in June 165438+ 10. If the temperature is kept at 15℃-20℃ at the budding stage, spraying gibberellin at 100mg/L on the buds and pedicels can promote the elongation of pedicels and accelerate flowering.