Analyze the old Beijing city wall, Nezha city with eight arms, and understand the history of old Beijing in the Zhongshan suit.
In fact, Beijing, like Tianjinwei and Shanghai Beach, has become synonymous with Beijing. In the past, there was a legend that two tigers were fighting for each other in old Beijing. It is said that in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, was eager to build a Beijing city in Beijing, and two engineers participated in the design bidding, that is, Yao Guangxiao and Liu Bowen.
Ten days after the bidding began, Yao Guangxiao and Liu Bowen drew identical drawings back to back. Just when it was close, Liu Bowen put forward the concept of eight-armed Nezha City, so Yao Guangxiao, who could speak or not, was directly lost to pk by Liu Bowen, who could speak and be competent. Yao Guangxiao once asked Liu Bowen, "Where are Nezha's internal organs?"
Liu Bowen replied that the imperial city is Nezha's five internal organs. In fact, according to historical records, Liu Bowen has never been to Beijing at all. This legend is just an excuse for people to say "the city of Nezha with eight arms". Secondly, he used a fresh saying
that the tunic suit is just like Beijing, and the once popular tunic suit is no stranger to old Beijingers. The iconic collar is still decent, and the five buttons represent Sun Yat-sen's five-power constitutional theory, namely, administrative power. Judicial power, examination power, and supervision power, four pockets represent thinking, which is what we often say: courtesy, justice, honesty and shame
There are six buttons on the two sleeves, which respectively represent nationality, civil rights, democracy, equality, freedom and fraternity. There is obviously the shadow of Beijing. If the head is the Forbidden City, then the first button on the collar of the Chinese tunic suit is the meridian gate. The fourth button is Zhengyangmen, and the fifth button is Yongdingmen.
There are two big pockets after Yongdingmen came in. Here is a Temple of Heaven, on the other side is Xiannongtan, and on the other side is Ditan, which is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, Imperial City, Wumen, Duanmen, Tiananmen, Qianmen, Yongdingmen, Ancestral Temple, Social Altar, and so on. What is presented is a tunic suit.
Although there is no figure of old Beijing in the history of tunic suit, there is a historical inevitability that tunic suit is similar to Beijing. This is the aesthetic concept of' clear central axis and symmetrical wings' in the traditional concept. When we re-examine the pattern of Beijing with this interpretation, we find another secret of Beijing.
In the exhibition hall of "Ancient Capital Beijing History and Culture" of the Capital Museum, There are agate chess pieces and white porcelain pottery pots.
These seemingly unrelated cultural relics all have the same identity, and they were all unearthed in the ruins of the Yuan Dynasty. Old Beijingers should know that in the 197s, a Yuan Dynasty site was found in Houyingfang Hutong, Xinjiekou, and it was later determined that this was the earliest form of quadrangles.
In 1972, two Yuan Dynasty residential sites were excavated and cleared in Xitaehutong and Houtaoyuan. These Yuan Dynasty ruins were rediscovered with the vigorous demolition movement around the 197s, among which Houyingfang Hutong is located in the northwest corner of Beijing, which tells us that there is still such an irregular wall in this perfect big city of Beijing
More importantly, the reason is not to bypass the jishuitan as people understate, but to hide something. Some people blame an old-fashioned topic' geomantic omen', while others reveal the truth. If the city wall was built according to the rules of four squares at that time, the northwest corner of Beijing happened to be in Taiping Lake
, but the silt in the river was so soft that it was impossible for the city wall to take root here at all. There was nothing to do but bypass this area and make the city wall look like a missing corner, and Zhu Di pursued perfection like a Virgo. I couldn't accept such a regret at all, so I found Mr. Feng Shui and began to justify myself, convincing everyone that such defects were intentional, and it wasn't
there were more than 2 million city bricks in the Ming Dynasty, one fifth of which were original old city bricks in the Ming Dynasty, and more than 1.6 million of them were new city bricks. The section of the Ming City Wall connected to the Dongbianmen turret outside Chongwenmen once faced the problem of repair. There is a secret hidden in it.
Perhaps few people know that there is a museum on the corner of Dongbianmen, which is integrated with the ruins of the Ming City Wall. In fact, there are not many museums with cultural relics exhibition halls in Beijing, such as Dabaotai Western Han Tomb Museum, Zhengyangmen Museum, Qianmen Railway Station Museum, etc. These museums are themselves the most representative huge exhibits.
At the same time, they are used as exhibition halls to display related cultural relics. There was an old city brick burned in the Ming Dynasty on the corner of Dongbianmen. In 1419, in the seventeenth year when Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, Emperor Zhu Di, who moved the capital to Beijing, was eager to build a strong big city. The earthen city left over by the Yuan Dynasty could not stand the rain and the invasion of foreign enemies, so a large-scale city-building movement began.
Because the pattern of the Yuan Dynasty was basically followed and in order to save costs, the Ming city wall was only built with city bricks on the basis of the earthen city of the Yuan Dynasty. Instead of rebuilding, another 17 years later, in order to resist the invasion of foreign enemies, the outer city of Beijing began to build in the same way.
The site of the Ming city wall that stands outside Chongwenmen today and is connected with the Dongbianmen turret is a part of the outer city of Beijing. The core of the Ming city wall follows the' rammed earth structure' of the Yuan Dynasty. In order to restore the original appearance of the Ming city wall as much as possible, all the parts of the city wall that are close to rammed earth are repaired with new city bricks. However, only 4, old cities have been converted to the outermost layer of the city wall
In other words, the Ming city wall is over 6 years old, and its heart is over 7 years old, which also contains transplanted organs of teenagers
Perhaps the movement of the North City Wall of Yuan Dadu is too big and eye-catching, so that Beijingers ignore the next detail change of Beijing, that is, the south gate where the main entrance of Yuan Dadu Li is located also moved one mile to the south in the seventeenth year of Yongle. In fact, it is very simple to say
In order to expand the space between the main entrance of the Imperial City, the Daming Gate and the main entrance of the inner city, there is such an exhibit in Zhengyangmen Museum, which is called the Emperor's Capital Accumulates Victory Map. Although the Beijing in the painting was already in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the pattern of the inner city has never changed since the seventeenth year of Yongle
So this painting can help us crack the south wall and the real reason for moving. What is the vacant space between the south gate of the inner city of Beijing and the south gate of the imperial city? The tower on the painting is Zhengyangmen, and the front gate is on the right. The lively scene is almost the same as it is now.
On the left side of the tower, that is, Zhengyangmen, shops are also crowded, and all kinds of people in the world take temporary residence permits to join in the fun on the chessboard street between Daming Gate and Zhengyangmen, indicating that the economy was prosperous at that time. In fact, it was not until the Qing Dynasty that the truth was revealed. After the Manchu-Han separation system was implemented, the market in the inner city was moved to the front door, and the real role of Chessboard Street was finally revealed to the world.
In the past, government agencies were all working together, and Zhu Di moved the south wall in order to make room for the cadres of the Ming Dynasty. Speaking of this, we can learn a lot from the history of Beijing. The coincidence of the capital pattern and the Chinese tunic suit proves that Beijing Faner has no aesthetic feeling.