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Pearl river scenic spot
(dragons frolicking in the water)
In front of the right mountain wall facing the water, there are several stalactite columns hanging upside down. They are rugged in appearance and have both form and spirit, as if several dragons were drinking poison to quench their thirst. Their bodies are hidden in the mountain wall, and only the faucet is pointed at the water. When the water rises in spring and summer, the faucet will spit out rain and dew. Legend has it that these dragons were sent to Lijiang by the Emperor of Heaven to collect osmanthus essence. A long time ago, these hillsides were covered with osmanthus, and the soaring fragrance went straight to the Heavenly Palace, which led Chang 'e to sneak down to the world. The Emperor of Heaven was furious and sent these dragons to suck all the fragrance of osmanthus and bring it back to the Heavenly Palace. Who knows that as soon as the dragon arrived, its prototype was fascinated by the scenery here. They didn't take away the sweet-scented osmanthus on earth, but attracted the rain and dew in the sky. They poured the rain and dew into the pool under the cliff, and this pool was called agarwood from then on. The water in Chen Xiangtan irrigates the four sides of the two cliffs of Lijiang River, and the branches and leaves of osmanthus trees grow more luxuriantly on this land. In August, osmanthus fragrance is everywhere on both sides of Lijiang River. No wonder people call this place Guilin!
Lawn scenic spot
(gongs and drums are loud, Yuanyang beach)
The winding Lijiang River has a beach in every bay. There are too many people. From Guilin to Yangshuo, the water journey is 83 kilometers and there are 360.5 beaches. The tail water of the beach is shallow, and the Lijiang River flows through the beach, making a gurgling sound, just like Yue Xian in the Heavenly Palace. It makes people feel high. Actually, this is not Yue Xian. This is the music of Lijiang River. Look, there are two big stones on the left bank, one like a drum and the other like a golden gong. Local villagers call it gongs and drums. There are two beautiful hills on the right bank, like a pair of gongs and hammers. Listen carefully, it seems that a pair of mandarin ducks are singing.
Di Yang scenic spot
(Eight Immortals Swim the River)
On the right front, the mountains here are abrupt, and the clouds here are illusory, giving people a sense of fantasy. There are mountains around here, and the momentum is magnificent. There is a group of eight hills in front, much like the Eight Immortals in the ancient myths and legends of China. Standing naked by the river, next to Cao Guojiu, He Xiangu in a hat, followed by Zhang, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe and Zhong, just eight. It is said that one day, the Eight Immortals showed their magical powers, crossed the ocean and walked hand in hand. They came to the Lijiang River and saw its beautiful scenery. The water here is clear and the mountains are beautiful, so they decided to stay. This scenic spot was named "Eight Immortals Crossing the River".
Xingping scenic spot
(Carp goes up the river)
There is a long and big mountain in front, which spans the Lijiang River. The whole mountain shape is very similar to carp, with its head facing right and its tail facing left. The fish mouth is connected with the mountain on the right. On the back of the tall fish, a group of small peaks form the fins. It's really a lively big carp, the largest carp in the world, and no one can be called heavy. The fin whale is like a little pug, which is what we usually call a poodle. Its head, eyes and limbs are clear and really cute.
Guilin's landscape has four characteristics: green hills, beautiful waters, strange caves and beautiful stones. Besides these, there are waterfalls, flowing springs, dangerous beaches and bamboo forests in the Lijiang River. Some people say that the Lijiang River is not only harmonious, but also has four characteristics: strangeness, charm, strangeness and uniqueness, namely, strangeness of ancient banyan trees, strangeness of painting mountains, strangeness of Yan Guan and strangeness of crossing the river. All these, to name a few, are really different.
Su Yang scenic spot
(Stone carving with the word "belt")
There are many stone carvings on Lianbi Peak, especially the cliff carved with cursive "belt" in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, which made Lian Bi escape. Its glyph structure is meaningful, and it is called a one-word poem. In fact, it contains the charm and pen meaning of the eight words "mountains and rivers, young people strive for strength". Starting from appreciating the word "belt", we should finally draw the conclusion that the spirit of Lijiang River is a "wonderful" word and the natural beauty of Lijiang River scenery is wonderful.
Dear friends, today's trip to Lijiang is coming to an end. Welcome you and your friends to Lijiang River next time.
(in front of the meridian gate of the Forbidden City)
Ladies and gentlemen,
I feel very happy to accompany you to visit today. This is the world-famous Palace Museum, commonly referred to as the Forbidden City. Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was forced to abdicate, dating back to 1420, when Judy, the third Yongle emperor of the Ming Dynasty, moved his capital here. There were 14 in the Ming Dynasty and 10 in the Qing Dynasty. Twenty-four emperors ruled China for five centuries in this magnificent palace. The Forbidden City, with its natural scale and magnificent momentum, is not only the largest and most well-preserved ancient royal palace complex in China, but also in the world. Because this Miyagi embodies the excellent tradition and unique style of China's ancient architectural art, it has a very important position in the history of architecture, and it is a classic of architectural art, which was evaluated as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO from 65438 to 0987.
The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is a blend of astronomy and folklore. Ancient astronomers in China divided all the stars in the sky into three walls, twenty-eight nights and thirty-one days. Among them, the three walls refer to Taiwei College, Ziwei College and Tianshi College. Ziweiyuan is in the center of Sanyuan, which accords with the saying that Ziweiyuan is in the middle. Therefore, the ancients thought that the ultraviolet micro-wall was the position of the Emperor of Heaven, so it was called the Purple Palace. The emperor is the son of the Emperor of Heaven and the highest being on the earth. Therefore, they should imitate the Emperor of Heaven and crown their palaces with purple words to show their imperial spirit of being in the center and looking around the world. There is also a saying that "purple gas comes from the east." Legend has it that Lao Tzu went through the customs to Hangu Pass, and Guanling told Yin Youzi that he came from the East and knew that saints would pass by. Sure enough, I rode a green cow and asked him to write the Tao Te Ching. Therefore, later generations used "purple gas coming from the east" to express auspiciousness. Of course, the imperial residence hopes to show auspicious phenomena, so it is logical to name it after the word "purple". The meaning of the word "forbidden" is more obvious, that is, the forbidden area of the palace is heavily guarded and the people are not allowed to get close. There is not a word of empty talk. Until 1924, the last emperor was expelled from the palace, and the people could not get close to it. It is conceivable how lofty and sacred the Forbidden City was!
The Forbidden City was built in Beijing because of history and because it is a treasure trove of geomantic omen. It is a long story. The construction of the Forbidden City began in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406), and it took 14 years to be basically completed. Today, it has a history of more than 570 years. As you can see, the Forbidden City is a group of first-class buildings with red walls and yellow tiles. Why? According to the Taoist theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, the five elements include gold, wood, water, fire and earth, among which earth occupies a central position. Because the people of China have lived on the Loess Plateau for generations, they have a feeling of admiration and attachment to yellow, so since the Tang Dynasty, yellow has become the color representing the royal family, and others are not allowed to use it in clothes and buildings. On the other hand, red symbolizes happiness, auspiciousness and wealth. For these reasons, the basic colors of the Palace Museum are red and yellow.
The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters, with more than 9,900 palaces and pavilions, with a construction area of about 6,543.8+0.5 million square meters. Surrounded by a 9.9-meter-high wall called 10 meter, there is a 52-meter-wide moat outside the wall, commonly known as Tongzi River. The city is about 960 meters long from north to south and 760 meters wide from east to west. In every corner of the city, there is a strange, harmonious and beautiful turret, which is octagonal and called nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-two ridges. There are doors around the city, the main entrance to the south is the noon gate, the north gate is called Shenwumen, the east gate is called Donghuamen, and the west gate is called Xihuamen. During the construction of the Forbidden City, 230,000 famous craftsmen and 1 10,000 civilian workers were recruited. The building materials used come from all over the country. For example, white marble comes from Fangshan County, Beijing, five-color tiger skin stone comes from Panshan Mountain, Jixian County, Hebei Province, and granite comes from Quyang County, Hebei Province. The square brick on the ground in the palace was fired in Suzhou, and the brick for building the wall was fired in Linqing, Shandong. The red color used on the walls of the palace was made of Tongyan Mountain in Xuanhua (present-day gaoqing county). Wood mainly comes from Huguang, Jiangxi, Shanxi and other provinces. It can also be seen that the project was huge at that time.
The building in front of us is called the meridian gate. Wumen is the main entrance of the Forbidden City, commonly known as the Five Peaks Pagoda. In the Ming dynasty, lanterns were hung at the door at noon on the fifteenth day of the first month every year to send food to hundreds of officials. In the Qing Dynasty, this activity was cancelled. Every year, on the first day of the tenth lunar month, a ceremony will be held here to promulgate the calendar for the following year. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid the name of Li Hong, it was renamed "Promulgation Calendar". In the Qing Dynasty, emperors held ceremonies or big sacrifices, as well as New Year's Day, winter solstice, longevity, weddings and other major festivals, all of which were decorated with halogen books and ceremonial ceremonies. In addition, whenever the country has a triumph, the emperor accepts the ceremony of offering prisoners at the meridian gate, and if the emperor signs it himself, he will also leave from the meridian gate.
About "beheading at the meridian gate", it may be due to the perfunctory stage and unofficial history's novels. In fact, the crimes were committed by court officials of the Ming Dynasty, some of them beat staff at the noon gate, and of course some of them were killed on the spot.
(After entering the meridian gate, before Jinshui Bridge)
Now that we are in the Forbidden City, before the official tour, let me introduce the layout and tour route of the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters. In such a large area, combined with various building technologies, such a large-scale building complex has been built. It is not complicated, but gives people a sense of rigorous structure, gorgeous colors and regular layout. The most important means is to highlight an extremely obvious red central axis in the building. This central axis is organically integrated with the whole of Beijing, starting from the bell tower in the north and reaching Yongdingmen in the south, with a total length of about 8 kilometers, and the royal restricted area is about 8 kilometers. The important buildings in the palace are all on this central axis, and other buildings are symmetrically distributed on the east and west sides. The design and layout of the whole palace showed the "dignity" of the feudal monarch and the strictness of the feudal hierarchy.
The Forbidden City faces the Palace. Now we are at the southernmost tip of the outer court, in front of us is Taihe Gate. There are a pair of bronze lions in front of the door, which are majestic and fierce. They have become the guardians of the front bridge, symbolizing power and dignity. The emperor is the son of heaven, and the lion in front of the door is naturally the most exquisite, tallest and biggest. The lion stands in the east, and there is a young lion under its front paws, which symbolizes the eternal imperial power from generation to generation. The river in front of us is called Jinshui River, which is used for decoration and waterproofing. The five bridges on the river symbolize the five virtues advocated by Confucius: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. The whole river looks like a bow, and the central axis is an arrow, which shows that the emperor ruled the country on behalf of heaven.
(in front of Taihe Gate)
The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The part from the Wumen Gate to the Gan Qing Gate is divided into "Outer Courtyard", with the three halls of Ethereum, Zhonghe and Baohe as the center, and the two groups of palaces of Wenhua and Wuying on the east and west sides, which are symmetrical left and right, forming a magnificent "Outer Courtyard" pattern. The three halls are arranged in front of each other on the same huge I-shaped white marble foundation, which is 8 meters high and divided into three layers. Each layer is surrounded by white marble railings, and three sets have three layers of stone carvings. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Golden Throne Hall, is the tallest building in the Forbidden City and the largest and most magnificent ancient wooden structure in China. Inside the Gan Qing Gate is the "Palace", and the architectural layout is also symmetrical. The central part is Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, where feudal emperors lived and handled their daily affairs. On both sides, the Sixth East-West Palace is the residence of concubines, and the First East-West Palace is the residence of the Prince. There are also three royal gardens-Royal Garden, Cining Garden and Qianlong Garden. Neijinshui River winds around Wuying Hall, Taihe Gate and Wenhua Hall along the west side of the "inner courtyard" and flows out of the palace. There are white jade stone bridges on the river, and there are winding white jade carved railings on both sides of the river, which are shaped like jade belts. Most of the buildings in the Forbidden City are topped with yellow glazed tiles, which are resplendent and solemn in the sun.
The architecture of the Forbidden City not only highlights the central axis, but also uses various techniques to make each group of buildings in Miyagi unique. For example, the treatment of the temple foundation, the form of the temple roof, the number of kissing animals and hanging animals, the rules of painted patterns and so on. This not only makes the main buildings more tall and spectacular, but also shows the grade difference of the palace buildings. According to folklore, there are 9,999 rooms and a half in the Forbidden City. It is said that there are 10000 rooms in the imperial palace in the sky, and the emperor on the ground calls himself "the son of heaven", so he dare not agree, so half of them are missing. Where is this half room? It refers to the small room at the west end of Wen Yuan Pavilion. In fact, there are more than 9,000 rooms in the Forbidden City, and the so-called half room does not exist at all. The first room in the west of Wen Yuan Pavilion, though small in size, can only accommodate one staircase, is still a complete room. Downstairs of Wen Yuan Pavilion is the collection place of the first Si Ku Quan Shu in China. In order to take care of the beautiful layout, the first one in the west was built very small.
(After crossing the Taihe Gate)
Ladies and gentlemen, the hall in front is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Golden Throne, which is the largest palace in the Forbidden City. With a building area of 2,377 square meters and a double-eaved roof, it is the highest floor in the main hall and the largest of the three external halls. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is built on three overlapping I-shaped sumeru seats, carved from white marble, more than 8 meters above the ground, with 2/kloc-0 steps in the lower floor and 9 steps in the upper and middle floors.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony was built in A.D. 1406. It experienced three fires and a soldier's urn was destroyed. What you see now is the architecture of the Qing Dynasty. There is a row of animals on each of the four eaves. It used to nail tiles, but later it was replaced by animals in myths and legends. It is said that it can ward off evil spirits. The more numbers, the more important the building is. There are nine halls of supreme harmony, and 9 is the positive number, followed by 7, 5, 3, 1. This kind of decoration is not allowed in ordinary families.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, 24 emperors ascended the throne here and announced their accession to the throne. New year's day, winter solstice, emperor's birthday, conferring the title of queen, issuing decrees, sending generals to war, spreading the golden palace and giving peace, etc. The emperor will hold a ceremony here to receive congratulations from civil and military officials.
This square is the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, covering an area of 30,000 square meters. The whole square is empty and quiet, giving people a solemn feeling. In the middle of the Imperial Road, the bricks on the left and right floors are scattered with *** 15 floors in case someone digs a tunnel into the palace. There are some vats around. What are they for? There are 308 vats in the Forbidden City for storing water and diminishing inflammation. Charcoal can be burned under barrels to prevent water from freezing in winter. Why build such a big square? It makes people feel the grandeur of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Stand below and look ahead: under the blue sky, yellow tiles are shining. Layers of stone platforms, like white clouds and cigarettes, make the Hall of Supreme Harmony like a fairyland in the sky. When the ceremony was held, candles were lit on the enamel crane tray in the hall, sandalwood was burned in the incense burner in the fragrant pavilion, pine and cypress branches were burned in the copper furnace, turtle cranes were placed on the terrace, cigarettes were wrapped around the front of the hall, and the audience was silent. When the emperor ascended the throne, drums and music rang, and the ministers of civil and military affairs knelt down in the square according to the rank of Lu, looked up at the castle in the clouds and shouted long live the mountain to show the emperor's supreme authority and dignity.
Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was only three years old when he ascended the throne at the end of 1908. His father, Regent Zai Feng, helped him to the throne. At the beginning of the ceremony, the drums and music suddenly sounded, scaring the little emperor to cry and clamor to go home. Zai Feng was so anxious that he was sweating profusely that he had to coax the little emperor into saying, "Don't cry, don't cry, it's almost over, it's almost over!" Ministers thought it was unlucky, but coincidentally, three years later, the Qing Dynasty really perished, thus ending the feudal rule of China for more than two thousand years.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Hello, welcome to Zhao Zhouqiao, Zhao County, Hebei Province. I'm your tour guide Xiao Zhang.
The world-famous Zhao Zhouqiao is located on the Weihe River, 2.5 kilometers south of Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province, and only 45 kilometers southeast of Shijiazhuang City. Zhao Zhouqiao is the first stone arch bridge with open shoulders in the history of bridges in the world. It was built during the reign of the Sui Emperor (58 1-60 1) and has a history of 1400 years.
Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, has a total length of 64.40 meters, a vault width of 9 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, a span of 37.38 meters and an arch height of 7.23 meters. The bridge is beautifully built and beautifully shaped. The whole body is composed of huge granite stones, and 28 independent stone arches are laid side by side vertically, forming a single-hole isolated bridge across the river bank. There are two small arches on the shoulders at both ends of the bridge arch. These arches reduce the weight of the bridge, and at the same time play a role in reducing the impulse of running water and accelerating the flow of flood. The design is very scientific and reasonable. At that time, the use of this open-shouldered arch was the first time in the history of bridge construction in the world, which was a pioneering work.
Because Zhao Zhouqiao is a masterpiece, people have said that this bridge was built by the immortal Lu Ban for thousands of years. In fact, Zhao Zhouqiao was built collectively by Li Chun, an outstanding craftsman of the Sui Dynasty in China, which has been recorded by many masons in history. Zhao Zhouqiao has become a rare and beautiful scenery in the history of bridge architecture, and has been listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the state.
All right, tourists, Zhao Zhouqiao is over. Thank you for your support!