Linguistic analysis reading notes

When we were young, parents and teachers told us to ask questions if we didn't understand them, but the fact is that parents and teachers are incapable of answering any questions of their children. Especially in China, on the one hand, parents' education level is limited, on the other hand, the level of teachers in lower grades is not very high, so when they encounter many problems of their children, teachers and parents often feel at a loss, and then in order to safeguard their dignity as elders, parents and teachers often choose to shirk or scold. For example, when a child sees other children being praised, he asks his teacher or father,

What are they doing?

they are being praised.

what is praise?

It means giving you candy after you do something good.

what is a good thing?

If children keep asking what "good" is and what "things" are, parents or teachers will be forced into a particularly difficult position. On the one hand, they don't want to make their children feel ignorant, on the other hand, they don't have enough knowledge to explain this abstract concept-"good". Therefore, parents will put on an angry attitude and say, "Why do children ask so many questions? A good thing is a good thing, and there are not so many reasons." This kind of language completely forgets what they taught their children and asks the rules if they don't understand. And things like "sex" and "death" are not to mention answers. Of course, the concept of "good" or "goodness" is always controversial in ethics. This is just to show that over time, children's curiosity can't be satisfied, and naturally they lose the ability to ask questions. Children will gradually get used to facing a concept and just accept it without considering the pursuit. It may be that on the one hand, children may feel that they will not get a clear answer. In fact, some things can be found outside teachers and parents. On the other hand, asking such an "obvious" and actually profound question will arouse the ridicule of peers. The above is just my experience. It is inevitable that the subject of narration with children tends to judge others by themselves, but in my opinion, many people's experiences seem to be the same.

Simple linguistic analysis, in a child's view, is to keep asking questions until the person being asked can give a clear explanation. My ability to ask questions was improved when I was in philosophy in senior high school. At that time, my thinking could never accept difficult philosophical propositions. I began to ask my teacher what is consciousness, what is objective, what is subjective, what is society, what is existence, what is thinking, and truth, materialistic views, idealism, metaphysics, dialectics and so on. It is really difficult to explain these things that seem to be on my lips all the time in language, until the teacher explained them to me repeatedly from abstract to concrete and then from concrete to abstract, and my philosophical understanding reached a higher level. At least I read familiar or unfamiliar philosophical propositions again, and I will use my understanding of individual concepts to help me understand the whole proposition. First understand the words, and then understand the subject, predicate and object of a sentence. This is a good method. In the following time, every time I encounter a difficult concept, whether it is psychology, sociology or philosophy, I will first understand the meaning of every word in this concept, such as Murphy's theorem in psychology, subconscious, motivation and social order, organization, functionalism and stratification in sociology, and then I will quickly understand their views. Of course, in this process, I also found that many things do not have a relatively clear definition, and many things are definitions to explain definitions, especially when I read articles like Jing M.Guo's Seven Viola Years, and after careful thinking, I found that the articles were empty and useless. It's not stereotyped literary writing, but it's enough to be a leader of the empty school. Linguistic analysis of the works of Xiao Dai is nothing more than describing the loneliness, inferiority, melancholy, cowardice, love, times, system and so on in the eyes of teenagers with all kinds of difficult sentences. However, judging from the sales of such books, it is obvious that they make the best use of teenagers' hearts. If everyone knows how to analyze the meaning of language, then this is certainly not the case. Reading, analyzing language and judging the quality of written works are one aspect of linguistic analysis in life.

Of course, linguistic analysis is not so simple. Since it is a science, a learning experience will never be its theory, and its power is not only reflected in simple learning. More importantly, it is applied to philosophy, life, and all aspects of academics. Read to understand, read to know righteousness, and read to gain strength.

"If we follow the general habit of thinking every day to deal with a problem, our approach is often to directly seek the answer to the problem, but rarely to reflect on its meaning. But when we adopt the method of linguistic analysis to deal with this problem, we will first find out the meaning of the problem. If the analysis results show that the problem under consideration is meaningful, we will further explore its meaning. If the analysis results show that the problem itself is meaningless, our approach is not to solve it, but to resolve it. This is the first knowledge point I learned. I remember when I was a child, I often asked my mother some questions, which are difficult for many people to answer when they think about it. For example, why do I call XXX my uncle? Mom will answer that because he is my brother, I will continue to ask why I should call your brother uncle. Mom was speechless. After I went to college, my first thing was to solve the problems from childhood to adulthood. Many of them really brought me fun, but there were also many problems that brought me to the abyss of chaos, such as why are people alive? Why is heaven called heaven and not something else? Will the dead people reach another place? Do ghosts really exist? Why are you afraid of snakes instead of lions or wolves? Now, it seems that these problems are meaningless in themselves. I still don't understand why I live but I still have to live. I still don't understand whether I will reach another time and space after death but I still have to face the old backs. I still don't understand why I am afraid of snakes but still tremble when I see them. There is no need to waste energy thinking about the original problems in life, because they have no reason to exist. Enough is enough. Maybe it's a relief.

the word trick is that the expressor of the word uses some characteristics of the word and some limitations of the receiver to add subjective meaning to the word or to be mysterious when expressing the language. Of course, the word tricks here mainly refer to philosophical language and debate, but there are many such tricks in life. Many idioms in Chinese are misused by people, and some even appear in official documents. For example, one of the daily reading contents provided by Baidu browser is "commercial value". On March 1, 213, the commercial value column provided a commercial information report, mainly about the development of Starbucks in China, including a sentence that said ". . . . . . . And plans to reach 15 branches in 215. To achieve this goal, strengthening the management of Starbucks coffee supply chain has become the first problem. " This is a kind of writing out of nothing. The phenomenon of "Empty School" is common in China's politics and law. For example, the Yangzi Evening News published on March 9, 213, "The General Secretary earnestly warned leading cadres at all levels to improve their self-realm, strengthen their ideals and beliefs, and maintain noble sentiments. He said that there are too many temptations and traps around power in today's society. In the face of numerous material interests, the friendship between gentlemen should be as light as water, and the communication between "officials" and "businessmen" should be proper and respectful, instead of overlapping and ignoring each other, and a clear line should be drawn between public and private. Civil servants and leading cadres should keep the bottom line. Just like a monk chanting Amitabha every day, remember that we are the servants of the people, and the power in your hand comes from the people, and you will be caught if you reach out. "There must be awe in your heart, know what a high-voltage line is, don't even think about it, and jump at the touch to keep the bottom line." "Ask carefully what are the ideals, beliefs and noble sentiments of leading cadres? What does it mean that there is a proper way for officials and businessmen to communicate? How to define the boundary between government and business? What is the bottom line for civil servants? 213-3-9 9:29 Source: Xinhuanet Wang Qingxi said that in recent days, some provinces and cities in China have experienced large-scale heavy smog weather for many times. . . . . . . . . . He said that environmental protection should be legislated first, relevant laws and regulations should be established and improved, and law enforcement must be strict, and those who violate the law must be prosecuted to increase the cost of illegal activities. By the way, how do you mean sound? What are the relevant laws? How can it be considered that law enforcement must be strict and violators must be prosecuted? What do you mean by raising illegal costs? How should our national leaders answer these questions? It seems that pragmatic analysis is not only suitable for academic research, but also for political communication and enlightening people's wisdom. If people like Zhang Muzhi in Let the Bullets Fly repeatedly ask Ma Bangde to translate what Huang Shiro's surprise means, then the policy should be implemented faster.

as for the lack of meaning, ambiguity, ambiguity, coloring, materialization and addiction mentioned in the second article. I think that apart from analyzing language propositions of philosophy or other disciplines, others, such as language communication and lyric writing, can also be used, especially the petty bourgeoisie. After all, life does not need to be very rational. I think the composition of modern people should be five points of sensibility and five points of rationality. Perception is used for life and rationality is used for survival.

Logical empiricism, also known as logical positivism, holds that philosophy is an activity, that is, logical analysis of concepts and propositions, with the purpose of clarifying their meanings and clarifying meaningless concepts and propositions. They divide propositions into formal propositions and empirical propositions. Logical positivism is based on experience, using logic as a tool, reasoning, and correcting conclusions with probability theory. It can be seen that logical empiricism is the analysis of concepts and propositions, and its basic methodological distinction is the distinction between analysis and meaning. Analysis statement is: a statement with enough meaning to determine whether it is true or not. A comprehensive sentence is a sentence whose meaning is not enough to decide whether it is true or not. Analysis sentences can be divided into two types: true sentences judged by analysis and false sentences judged by analysis. And I think the distinction of cognitive meaning is to see whether a sentence is necessary to study, just like why I call my mother's brother uncle, which is not necessary to study, but has no cognitive meaning. As for the series of examples he cited, I always look at them in a fog. The simple sentence was so complicated that it reminded me of the contention of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period. Various schools gave examples to each other and talked about their views. However, Li Tianming's example is very difficult to say whether it is good or not. One minute it is P, the other is Q and the other is S, which is a challenge to patience. I can't help complaining that Li Tianming is ridiculous.

Metaphysics is the information I found on the Internet. Metaphysics refers to a philosophical trend of thought in Wei and Jin Dynasties, which took Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts as the skeleton and blended Confucian classics to replace the tedious Confucian classics. The central issue of its discussion is whether there is the origin or not, that is, the basis of the ultimate existence of the universe, that is, the ontology. "Metaphysics" refers to the invisible and nameless "Tao". Since metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties regards Laozi, Zhuangzi and Zhouyi as classics and pays attention to the metaphysical distinction between existence and non-existence, later generations have called this school "Metaphysics" since the Southern Dynasties. In my opinion, metaphysics is empty learning. Historically, the gentry under the gentry's door valve system began to study empty learning when they were full and supported. These topics studied by Gao Fushuai were simply more absurd than those studied by Sakyamuni when I was a child, but they were more mysterious than those studied by Sakyamuni, and the final decline was a historical necessity.

Xin Qiji's "He Xinlang" listening to blackbirds in the green trees. What's more, the partridge stops and the cuckoo cuts. When you cry until spring returns, you can't find a place, and you will rest when you hate wheatgrass. It' s not arrived, and the world is leaving. Immediately, the pipa was closed and the black was blocked, and even more Nagato and Cui Che resigned to the Golden Que. See Yanyan, send it to my concubine. The general's reputation cracked to Heliang and turned back to Wan Li, so his old friend died. Xiao Xiao is rustling and the west wind is cold, and the house is full of clothes like snow. The bird that sings knows how much it hates, but it is not expected that it will shed tears and cry blood. Who * * * me, drunken moon.

Li Bai's Chivalrous Man feels like the predecessor of Hero.

Zhao Kemao Hu Ying, Wu Gou Shuang Xueming. The silver saddle and the white horse reflected each other, and galloped like a rustling.

it takes ten steps to kill one person, but a thousand miles doesn't leave a line. After the finish, whisk away the clothes, do not show a little sound, deep hiding place.

Have a leisurely drink in Xinling, and take off your sword and knees. Eat meat with hai, and drink with Hou ying in a large bowl.

three cups of turano, five mountains are light. After dizziness and ear fever, they are born together.

Handan was shocked to save Zhao with a golden mallet. Hai and Hou ying truly Chiaki two warriors, the fame of the city of Xuan.

Even if you die a chivalrous man, you will not be ashamed of the world. Who can write your Excellency, Bai Shou Tai Xuan Jing?

every word and poem is beautiful.