Scorpion breeding
Insects should be given priority to. Such as crickets, cockroaches, locusts and so on. Occasionally, newborn mice can be fed, but not often. Feeding frequency: Young scorpions are fed once a week, and adult scorpions are fed once every two to three weeks. The leftover residue should be cleaned up as soon as possible. Their average life expectancy is 10 years.
& lt feeding equipment >
Generally, the least feeding equipment is a plastic aquarium with a solid cover, but it needs ventilation, and its basic size is about four times that of scorpions.
As for the substrate, for this kind of species living in the tropical rain forest, the predecessors who specialize in raising arthropods generally recommend using soil, especially cactus mud or gardening soil. No matter what kind of substrate is used, it is recommended to slightly compact the substrate (scorpions mainly rely on the vibration generated by insects when walking on the ground to determine the target. Although they have eight eyes, they seem to only respond to light, so the compacted substrate will easily transmit acoustic shock. After that, it should be at least 2cm, but if possible, it is best to provide a substrate above 5- 10cm, because some rainforests.
In addition, there is a small water tray in the feeding box, which is smaller than the scorpion, otherwise the scorpion may be drowned. We should also set up a place where they can hide and rest, such as tree holes or short broadleaf plants.
< temperature and humidity >;
It will be difficult to adapt to the excessive change of temperature by raising rain forest species such as Asian rain forest scorpions. Therefore, their optimum temperature is about 25-32 degrees Celsius during the day, and the temperature can be maintained above 20 degrees Celsius at night. You can use electric blanket to heat in winter, and you don't need heat preservation equipment in summer. Just put the feeding barrel in a ventilated place. If they live at low temperature (15℃) for too long, it will not only affect their growth speed, but also make them stop eating and even die. When the temperature is low in winter, the owner must provide insulation for them.
In terms of humidity, it is best to keep the humidity in the feeding box at about 75-85%, and spray the substrate with a water sprayer to keep it moist. However, it is best to provide a slightly dry and warm place for it to live in the breeding box.
Common feed for scorpions
1, artificial feed: Tenebrio molitor, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga and centipede. They are very fertile and grow quickly. But it should be raised in advance to prevent feed shortage. This feed is especially suitable for female scorpions.
2. Insect feed: there are ants, butterflies and various moths.
You can catch it in the wild or trap it with a black light. Suitable for feeding young scorpions and 2 ~ 3 cm young scorpions.
3. Meat feed: frog meat, sparrow meat, chicken, pork, etc. Can be directly fed to the unborn pregnant scorpion,
Can not be placed in the pool for too long to avoid deterioration, and the deteriorated feed should be removed in time.
4. Mineral feed: In early spring, some weathered soil and bone meal can be placed on the rocks on the surface of the scorpion pond, mixed with meat feed, and fed to scorpions for many years.
5. Compound feed: ① 30% bran (fried yellow), 40% egg liquid and 30% meat. ② Mix 30% meat sauce, 30% bran (fried yellow), 30% flour (fried yellow) and 10% green vegetable sauce into granules. ③ 200 grams of sugar and 200 grams of bran.
G, milk 150g. As long as the mixed feed does not deteriorate, scorpions of all ages can feed it.
It is advisable to feed scorpions with enough food and no leftovers.
6. Self-made feed additives: According to the experiment, adding 1% mixture and a small amount of multivitamins to the feed can make scorpions gain weight and increase the litter size. The preparation method is as follows: pulverizing 1 000g of calcium superphosphate into fine powder, and adding 3.5g of ferrous sulfate, 3g of copper sulfate, 2.5g of manganese sulfate, 1 g of zinc sulfate and1g of magnesium sulfate.
0.05g of potassium iodide, and then evenly mixed to prepare a mixture.
Scorpion feeding-feed feeding
Scorpion feeding-feeding method: When raising scorpions artificially, feed should be put into the feeding basin, and feed should not be directly sprinkled on the ground of the feeding pond or on the perched crib, so as to avoid mildew and corruption of the remaining feed, which will lead to the occurrence and spread of fungal diseases. In addition, the use of the feeding plate is not only convenient for scorpions to eat, but also convenient for controlling the feeding amount and changing the feed. Food trays can be made into rectangular or square shallow trays with equal sides and 5 cm high, and then placed in the corners of activity venues and aquaculture ponds. Feeding principle: 1. Feed should be fed at a fixed time and place, and the time and place of feeding should not be changed at will. Generally, the food tray is put into the dropping point at 3 pm every day, and the food tray is taken out for cleaning and drying at 3 am the next day. Second, we must control the amount of feed. How much to feed depends on the size and quantity of scorpions and the low gas temperature. It is not advisable to put too much or too little. Too much feed will cause waste, and too little will often kill each other because of hunger. Third, it is forbidden to feed deteriorated mixed feed and rotten lean meat or animal carcasses to avoid food poisoning. Fourth, attention should be paid to observing the feeding activities of scorpions when feeding, so as to determine the feeding amount and allocate feeding types. Fifth, according to the specific situation of scorpions, control their food intake. For example, frail scorpions, pregnant scorpions, young scorpions and newly introduced scorpions should be fed more animal feed and less plant feed. On the contrary, strong scorpions, adult scorpions and old scorpions can appropriately increase plant feed.
Preparation of scorpion feed
1, artificial feed: Tenebrio molitor, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga and centipede. They are very fertile and grow quickly. But it should be raised in advance to prevent feed shortage. This feed is especially suitable for female scorpions. 2. Insect feed: there are ants, butterflies and various moths. You can catch it in the wild or trap it with a black light. Suitable for feeding young scorpions and 2 ~ 3 cm young scorpions. 3. Meat feed: frog meat, sparrow meat, chicken, pork, etc. Can be directly fed to the unborn pregnant scorpion, can not be placed in the pool for too long, so as to avoid deterioration, and the deteriorated feed should be removed in time. 4. Mineral feed: In early spring, some weathered soil and bone meal can be placed on the rocks on the surface of the scorpion pond, mixed with meat feed, and fed to scorpions for many years. 5. Compound feed: ① 30% bran (fried yellow), 40% egg liquid and 30% meat. ② Mix 30% meat sauce, 30% bran (fried yellow), 30% flour (fried yellow) and 10% green vegetable sauce into granules. ③ 200 grams of sugar, 200 grams of bran and 0/50 grams of milk. As long as the mixed feed does not deteriorate, scorpions of all ages can feed it. It is advisable to feed scorpions with enough food and no leftovers. 6. Self-made feed additives: According to the experiment, adding 1% mixture and a small amount of multivitamins to the feed can make scorpions gain weight and increase the litter size. The preparation method is as follows: pulverizing 1 0,000g of calcium superphosphate into fine powder, adding 3.5g of ferrous sulfate, 3g of copper sulfate, 2.5g of manganese sulfate, 1 g of zinc sulfate, 1 g of magnesium sulfate and 0.05g of potassium iodide, and stirring to make a mixture.
Internal population relationship of scorpions
Both wild scorpions in nature and domestic scorpions raised artificially live in the same habitat as a population composed of several individuals. Regardless of the population density and structure, individuals have close and complex relationships, some of which are cooperative and mutually beneficial, while others are mutually restrictive.
1. Intraspecific mutually beneficial cooperation When the population density is low or suitable, all individuals have their own suitable living space, and most individuals are friendly at this time. Among them, the behavior of the mother scorpion to protect her offspring is a typical example of this relationship. After the mother scorpion was born, the young scorpions climbed onto the back of the mother scorpion for protection. At this time, the mother scorpion is responsible for protecting the young scorpion, and she should be vigilant at any time to prevent the young scorpion from being hurt. At the same time, young scorpions live in harmony, obey the management and protection of female scorpions, and rarely break free from protection. When the density of scorpions is appropriate, all individuals in the group can maintain a harmonious relationship. In the scorpion nest, one scorpion and one room are peaceful; When they leave the nest to hunt, they also fight with each other and do not interfere with each other. Especially in early spring, late autumn and winter, the activity of scorpions is reduced, and the probability of conflict is reduced, which is more conducive to the stability of scorpions.
2. Mutual restriction within the population When the density of scorpions is too high, the food supply, activity space and living environment are tight, which will lead to self-sparseness of the population, that is, through mutual restriction within various populations, the population density will be reduced and a new balance will be achieved. For example, cannibalism is a kind of cannibalism that occurs when the density of scorpions is too high or the supply of food and water is insufficient. Killing each other is mainly manifested in the fact that big scorpions eat small scorpions, strong scorpions eat weak scorpions, and normal scorpions eat scorpions that are molting. In severe cases, it may even cause the mother scorpion to eat the newborn scorpion. In addition, when the density of scorpions is too high, on the one hand, it will cause mutual interference and crowded collision during the growth and development of scorpions, which will not only affect the normal molting growth, but also affect the feeding and weight gain, resulting in slow growth and development; On the other hand, during the breeding period of the female scorpion, it will also affect the mood of the female scorpion, interfere with the process of fertilization, embryo development and calving, cause stillbirth and stillbirth, and reduce the reproductive rate. Moreover, due to the high density of scorpions, food shortage, competition and fighting often occur in the feeding process, which is not conducive to the normal growth and development of scorpions.
The inducement of scorpion intraspecific competition is mainly manifested in the following aspects: ① the serious lack of food and water. ② Serious mutual interference. (3) the deterioration of ecological factors such as temperature and humidity. (4) For space. ⑤ Fight for a spouse. As long as the above incentives are clear and handled properly, the intra-species competition of scorpions can be completely avoided.
Scorpion's feeding habits
Scorpions have one thing in common. They all like to eat soft and juicy small animals, such as Tenebrio molitor, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, crickets, earthworms, mice and dragonflies. It also likes to eat fresh meat from big animals, but not as good as live worms. In the case of insufficient food, cooked food can also be supplied as a supplement. In order to prevent limb hypertrophy caused by high fat intake, foods with high protein and low fat should be provided as much as possible.
Scorpions feed on saliva in their mouths. This is because the scorpion's saliva contains catabolic enzymes, which can hold the preyed larvae with pliers' fingers and touch their mouths, then shred the worms with retractable claws, spit on them, decompose them into slurry and suck them.
When the temperature is above 30℃, young scorpions don't prey until about 10 ~ 13 days after birth. At this time, scorpions like to eat young mealworms, earthworms and other insects. Adult scorpions usually prey once every 3-5 days, and can eat 3 larger Tenebrio molitor at a time. Scorpions in different states have different prey. The mother scorpion who has just given birth has a big appetite and eats a lot; Young scorpions who have just separated from their mother also eat a lot, and generally can eat the same weight of food at a time. In view of the fact that Tenebrio molitor is easy to raise and will not die after being put in a scorpion pond for a few days, many scorpion farmers take Tenebrio molitor larvae as their staple food, but they should throw insects of different ages according to the size of scorpions.
Scorpions usually feed in the evening, usually from dusk to around 23: 00, which is the peak time for scorpions to leave their nests for food.
In addition, the phenomenon of scorpions killing each other is often caused by lack of food, water, dryness or excessive density. Therefore, it is the key to the success of raising scorpions to pay special attention to supplying sufficient food, providing appropriate humidity and setting up countless individual nests. Scorpions should be dispersed as much as possible in the active period, which is beneficial to scorpion predation, molting, mating and calving.
Scorpion has a strong hunger tolerance, which is due to the physiological functions of cowardice, poor eyesight, inflexibility and low predation ability, so it is often hungry when it is full in nature, and thus it has evolved for a long time to form special biological characteristics. Under normal circumstances, scorpions only need to prey on 1 time within 5 ~ 7 days, and can continue to eat 10 days after satiation. According to the experimental observation under artificial feeding conditions, scorpions can survive normally for 4 ~ 5 months or even longer without food and water supply, but they can't grow and develop normally.
The law of scorpion activity
Scorpions like to live in groups, quiet and motionless, have the habit of knowing nests and groups, and mostly settle together in fixed nests. Most of them are male and female, big and small, and generally rarely kill each other. Scorpions lie down during the day and go out at night, usually falling behind at 8: 00 p.m.12 p.m. and returning to their nests at 2:00-3:00 a.m. Their activities must be warm and windless at night when the ground is dry, with little activity when there is wind. Scorpions have obvious thermotaxis within 35℃, and enter hibernation below 10℃. Scorpion's vision is slow, and it basically has no ability to search, track, chase and find targets at a long distance. When walking, the tail is flat and only the tail section is rolled up. When frightened, the tail bounces back hard, showing a stinging state.
The activity law of scorpions not only changes with seasons, but also shows obvious seasonal activity laws such as growth period, filling period, dormancy period and recovery period in their annual life history. In the season of vigorous growth and frequent activities, scorpions also show obvious characteristics of staying up during the day and coming out at night.
During the day, although sometimes scorpions may move vertically with the change of temperature in the nest, they often don't climb out of the ground to feed, but hide in the scorpion nest. But in the evening, the activities of scorpions gradually become active, especially on clear and windless nights, scorpions are more active in hunting, drinking and mating on the ground. The activity of small scorpions at night peaks at 20 ~ 30. During this period, creatures are not very active, so it is easier to hunt. Scorpions themselves spend the winter, and it is easier to escape the attacks and interference of various natural enemies. However, nighttime activities usually stop before midnight, and a few can last until around 3 am, and then return to the nest, mainly because the temperature drops at this time.
Scorpion feeding density
In order to reduce the mutual interference between scorpions, the feeding density of scorpions must be appropriate. Its reasonable density depends on the age of the scorpion, the structure of the nest and the way of reproduction. In general, the density per square meter is about 8,000 scorpions aged 2-3, 4,500 scorpions aged 4-5, 3,000 scorpions aged 6 and 2,000 adult scorpions.
When the density of artificially raised scorpions is too high, scorpions are prone to cluster and crush injuries, which will intensify intraspecific competition and cause scorpions to kill each other. Therefore, to reduce the breeding density as much as possible, we can do it from two aspects: first, expand the breeding area and increase the number of scorpion ponds; Second, increase the stack appropriately to improve the space utilization.
Scorpion ventilation management
The greenhouse is semi-closed for a long time, and the air circulation is not smooth. In order to ensure that there is enough fresh air for scorpions to breathe, attention should be paid to strengthening indoor air circulation.
The air and temperature in the greenhouse are also a pair of contradictions: high temperature, vigorous metabolism of scorpions, and accelerated gas exchange frequency. If the air circulation is not smooth, it will inevitably produce a sense of tension; If the air flows smoothly, the indoor temperature will inevitably drop. Setting ventilation holes on both sides of the skylight and the main flue can solve this problem well, which not only strengthens the air circulation and ensures enough fresh air, but also will not reduce the room temperature because of the air circulation.
Xiezi lighting management
Due to the influence of wall and central injection, reflection and absorption of plastic film and other factors, the indoor lighting time and intensity are obviously less than outdoor lighting. In order to make full use of sunlight, the following measures can be taken to improve the lighting conditions of solar greenhouses:
(1) The construction of the sun room should choose favorable terrain and the greenhouse structure should be reasonable, so that all parts of the room can get the longest illumination time.
(2) Use anti-aging and non-dripping plastic film. The choice of plastic film must be strict. If it is covered with ordinary plastic film, a thin layer of small water droplets will be formed on the inner surface of the plastic film under the sealing condition. Water droplets are condensed water, which will scatter and absorb sunlight, reduce the indoor light transmittance by about 30%, and seriously affect the improvement of room temperature. In addition, when water drops condense to a certain extent, they will drip, which has a negative impact on scorpions. You can choose PVC film, which has strong temperature adaptability, high temperature resistance and sun resistance, strong ability to block geothermal radiation, good thermal insulation performance at night, good elasticity and long service life.
③ Wipe the surface of plastic film frequently to keep it smooth.
(4) Uncover the straw cover in time for a longer illumination time.
Scorpion humidity management
Scorpions have different requirements for environmental humidity at different developmental stages. For example, pregnant scorpions need less humidity, while born scorpions and offspring need more humidity. The environmental humidity in the greenhouse can be adjusted manually according to the needs. If the humidity is low, you can drip water into the pile, seep water, sprinkle water on the ground or put a basin for evaporation and humidification. When the humidity is too high, indoor moisture can be dissipated by heating evaporation or strengthening air circulation. The relationship between indoor humidity and temperature is very close. Under the same conditions, the humidity changes with the change of temperature. Generally speaking, when the temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly and the humidity lining is small; When the temperature is low, water loss is slow and humidity is high. Specifically, the contradiction between humidity and temperature will occur in four situations:
① Low temperature and high humidity. At low temperature, scorpions have less activity and poor metabolic ability, so they don't need so much water. Scorpions will climb from cribs to the ground one by one because they like humidity. If you do this for a long time, it will easily lead to the death of scorpions, especially scorpions of 2 and 3 years old. At the same time, long-term low temperature environment is also easy to cause indigestion of scorpions.
② Low temperature and humidity. The ambient temperature and humidity are very low and in equilibrium. In this case, although the scorpion will not die in large numbers, its growth and development will be inhibited, and the scorpion will not shed its skin and grow into a little old scorpion.
③ High temperature and low humidity. At high temperature, scorpions have large activity, strong metabolic ability and large evaporation of water on the body surface. However, the water in the outside world and in the body can't meet their own needs, which will lead to dehydration and death, and even aggravate the intraspecific competition of scorpions.
④ High temperature and humidity. Under this condition, scorpions are the most active, moult the fastest and grow best.
It should be pointed out that the high temperature, low temperature, high humidity and low humidity mentioned here all refer to the room temperature and relative high and low humidity required for scorpion activity. To sum up, relatively high temperature and humidity are most beneficial to the growth and development of scorpions.
In daily operation, humidity is directly proportional to temperature, that is, the higher the temperature, the higher the temperature correspondingly. If the temperature is high, if the humidification is captured in time, the phenomenon of high humidity will inevitably occur. Pay attention to the change of humidity at any time while heating, and often observe the change of temperature while increasing humidity to coordinate the relationship between them.
Scorpions have many enemies, mainly birds, chickens, ducks and geese, lizards, frogs, toads, snakes, mice, ants, geckos, spiders and mites. However, chickens, ducks, geese, birds and so on. In the case of artificial breeding, it is unlikely to harm the pot. However, ants, mites, mice and so on. We must always be vigilant and take preventive measures before breeding. Cement can be used to clean the walls of houses, tamp the ground and avoid rat holes and ant nests. Once found, it should be killed immediately. It can be used to kill ants and rats, and can also keep cats indoors to prevent rats. Keep the feeding room and nest clean, and disinfect regularly to prevent mites. Small ditches can also be built around breeding pits and ponds to prevent ants from invading people.
1. Hazards and prevention of geckos and spiders
(l) Endangering a gecko can eat dozens of young scorpions and several adult scorpions at most one night. Spiders are small, but they are very productive. Although they can be used as food for scorpions, they can also do harm to young scorpions. They often hang young scorpions as leftover food.
(2) Prevention and Cure Because it is impossible to kill the above enemies with drugs in the breeding room, it can only be killed artificially at night.
2. The harm and prevention of ants
(l) Endangered ants are naturally capable of eating insects. They not only eat scorpion feed in the scorpion pond, but also do great harm to young scorpions who are molting and postpartum females.
(2) Prevention and control
① Ant medicine is sprinkled around the scorpion pool or under the legs and feet of the three-dimensional scorpion pool, and the effect is remarkable and lasting. The insecticide can be made by ourselves, and the formula is as follows: 50 grams of naphthalene powder (sanitary ball), 50 grams of vegetable oil and 250 grams of sawdust, mixed evenly.
(2) Put the meat and bones in the places where ants often move to lure them to kill.
(2) After the eggshell is carbonized, the walnut leaves are mashed or chopped and scattered around the breeding area to prevent ants from entering people.
Spotted mold of scorpion
(l) The pathogenic habitat is high temperature and humidity, which leads to fungi parasitizing scorpions. Especially in the rainy season, too many feed insects will be moldy, which is easy to make fungi multiply.
(2) Symptom Scorpion's head, chest and foreabdomen appear yellowish brown or reddish brown spotted mildew spots, which gradually spread around. At the beginning of the disease, the sick scorpion showed extreme anxiety, decreased activity in the later stage, slowed down, did not eat, and died a few days later. The body was covered with bacterial blocks assembled from green and moldy mycelium.
(3) Prevention and control methods
(1) Pay attention to adjusting the ambient humidity, dry the crib regularly, and spray 0. 1% potassium permanganate or lysol should be disinfected when the humidity of the crib is not high.
② Dead feed worms should be cleaned up in time to prevent mildew. Dead scorpions should be burned.
8. Physiological and pathological changes
(l) The main causes of physiological diseases are: ① long-term direct sunlight; ② The contrast between temperature and humidity is large; ③ The environment is not quiet; (4) The provenance is inconsistent with the feeding form.
(2) Symptoms Scorpions are restless, fighting seriously, eating less, losing weight, sagging abdomen and dull body surface. The course of the disease is long, and the scorpion has gradually dried up and died.
(3) Prevention is the priority, and drugs have little effect. If the course of disease is short, if the living environment meets the requirements again, it will gradually recover.