Who can give me pictures and information about the birthday of Nine Kings (a festival)? (The more, the better)
Two schools of nine emperors
There are two schools of thought about the origin of nine emperors, namely, the Taoist school of nine emperors and the folk school of nine emperors.
Taoist Nine Emperors School originated from the worship of the stars. The "Nine Emperors" is the product of the worship of the stars in ancient China, and it is related to the Big Dipper, which is used to indicate the direction at night and draw up the calendar. The wisdom of the ancients believed that the Beidou had nine planets, which was * * * connected with astronomical research. The seven stars scattered in the northern sky-Tian Shu, Tianxuan, Tianqi, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Eta Ursae Majoris-are collectively called plough by Taoism, and Ursa major in the west.
The widely spread Taoist saying that "Southern Dou pays attention to life and Beidou pays attention to death" makes Beidou the "god" who is in charge of life and death. Worship the mother is the process of personification of the Big Dipper.
It is said that nine planets is the son of Dou Mu. Doumu, also known as Lady Ziguang, was originally the princess of King Zhou Yu in the Long and Han Dynasties. My wife took a bath in Lianchi, and suddenly she felt that nine lotus flowers were transformed into nine children, the eldest son was the Emperor, the second was the Emperor Ziwei, and the rest were Wolf-greedy, Giant Gate, Lucun, Wen Qu, Lian Zhen, Wu Qu and Pojun. Worship the mother and nine emperors is the process of the ancients' belief in the big dipper to personalize the big dipper king.
The folk Nine Emperors School originated from various historical legends circulating in Southeast Asia. There was only one Nine Emperors, but incense burners were used instead of statues.
Nine Emperors' Zhai, which originated from the custom of ritual fighting, has been flourishing for a long time in Southeast Asia. Combined with the local special belief of the Nine Emperors, it has a set of grand and strict celebration ceremonies. Pilgrims hold the Nine Emperors' fasting from the last day of August to Chongyang. This custom has something to do with the common people's sincere prayers for eliminating disasters, eliminating karma and suffering, and prolonging life.
versions of the legend of nine emperors
there are several different versions of the legend of nine emperors.
< Legend 1. Nine emperors in ancient times >
The Nine Emperors are nine figures in ancient legends of China-Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Emperor Patent, Yao, Shun and Yu.
< Legend has it that nine emperors were revolutionary martyrs in Qin Dynasty >
Before the uprising in Wu Guang, Chen Sheng, nine sworn heroes plotted an uprising against the Qin Dynasty, which was exposed. They were killed by the Qin army, their heads were taken away, their bodies were abandoned, and the people pitied their righteousness. In private, they put their bodies in nine pottery urns and let them drift out to sea. A few years later, the Han dynasty rose, and the remains of nine urns drifted back to their original places. The martyr has no name and surname, and things are very strange. The local people cleaned up the wreckage and buried it properly, and built a temple for the martyr. The last nine people showed their saints and protected the people, and the local officials followed the public opinion and applied for the title of "Lord" by the court, thus evolving into "nine emperors".
< Legend 3: Five Ancestors of Hong Men and White Ingot Incense Burner >
The legendary five ancestors of Shaolin in Hong Men were hunted down by Qing soldiers for their anti-Qing and Ming restoration activities. After defecting to Zheng Chenggong, they were sent to Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi to promote the revolution. When he arrived in Putian, he was taken in by Jiulianshan Shaolin Temple to practice martial arts. Later, it was revealed that Shaolin Temple was burned by Qing soldiers. After they escaped, they lived in Gaoxi Temple in Shicheng County, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province. One day, something floated in the river nearby, and it was a white ingot incense burner. The words "I don't understand" are engraved on the bottom of the furnace, and it is written "52 Jin, 13 Liang". Chen Jinnan, one of Hong Men's ancestors, knew that the four words on the bottom of the furnace were the code word of "Han Liu Wen", which meant "anti-Qing Dynasty regains sight". "Fifty-two Jin, thirteen Liang" means "Five Lakes, Nanjing, two Beijing, thirteen provinces. . . . 。” The important prop "incense burner" of this story is consistent with the custom of worshipping only incense burners in the belief of Nine Emperors.
< Legend 4: Wan Yunlong, the leader of Hong Men Heaven and Earth Society;
There is a widespread legend in Anbang, Kuala Lumpur. The Nine Emperors Celebration is a memorial ceremony for Wan Yunlong, the leader of Hong Men Heaven and Earth Society. In 1734, Wan Yunlong fought with the Qing soldiers and died in Changsha, Hunan Province on the ninth day of September in the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty. The remaining soldiers fled to Hainan Island. The defeated soldiers were hunted down and fled to Siam by water, and were forced to settle in Penang.
Some of the remnants of the Hong Men Society later settled in Anbang. On the surface, they planted crops, but in secret, they formed a secret association to win over patriots, and * * * helped to fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty.
On one occasion, at the Incense Opening Hall (also known as Incense Opening Ceremony), the police raided the scene and seriously questioned the reasons for the party. The leader said to worship God and pray for peace here. The police saw that although there were signs of worship, there was no statue of God, and asked why. Everyone was speechless for a moment, and suddenly one of the leaders used his quick wits to point to an incense burner in front of him and said, This is the God we worship. Watching the incense burner emit plumes of cigarettes, the police asked suspiciously: Is the incense burner a god? What kind of god is he? One person casually replied: His name is Nine Emperors. No one knew the story of the Nine Emperors, but the police believed it and gave it up. Since then, the Chinese in Kuala Lumpur have worshipped the Nine Emperors, taking the incense burner as a shrine.
< Legend 5. Ming Taizu's ninth generation Sun Luwang >
This is the most historical legend. The ninth generation of Ming Taizu's ninth son, King Tan of Lu Huang, was also the Nine Kings, commonly known as the Nine Kings, also known as the King of Lu. A group of Ming officials held King Lu as emperor in Shaoxing, and later they were chased by Qing soldiers. King Lu defected to Zheng Chenggong and lived in Jinmen. Legend has it that Zheng Chenggong was rude to King Lu and drowned him to death. His subordinates resented Zheng Chenggong, so they came to Hainan and set up a temple to worship him. Because the nine princes sank into the sea and had no bodies, they only set up gods instead of idols. Legend has it that the ninth day of September is the birthday of the prince. On that morning, a censer floated to the sea to greet the king of Lu from the water.
The truth was revealed in 1959, when an ancient tomb was found in Jinmen Island. The stone tablet in the tomb recorded that King Lu died of asthma, not persecution by Zheng Chenggong, and the truth was revealed.
< Legend six, Wang Ye Zheng Chenggong >
In the Qing Dynasty, the anti-Qing martyrs held high the banner of anti-Qing and restoring sight, and Zheng Chenggong secretly called all the Jianghu heroes in Zhangquan, Fujian Province to discuss the plan of restoring sight in the coastal "Doumu Palace". Using the birthday of the gods in the palace as a cover, they recruited troops in the palace for nine days in a row, held high the banner of "Nine Emperors" as a call, "meaning to save the land of the Ming Dynasty", and wrote the sun and the moon (that is, the Ming Dynasty) on the left and right sides of the icon of Doumu Niangniang.
On the last night of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, I went out to sea to welcome Prince Zheng Chenggong to take charge of the overall situation. Zheng Chenggong was wanted by the imperial court. Therefore, from disembarking to the Jin Palace, I need to cover it with a parasol to avoid being exposed. At midnight on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, Zheng Chenggong was sent to sea to call for charity elsewhere, prepare a "king boat" and provide all daily necessities and food. The uprising eventually failed, with heavy casualties.
in order to commemorate the historical sites of Wang Ye Zheng Chenggong and other martyrs, the villagers in Zhangquan area pay homage to Wang Ye and many national heroes who died every year for nine days from the last day of August to the ninth day of September.
According to the traditional customs, the incense of Nine Emperors came to Nanyang, which is said to have a history of more than 3 years.
Several main steps in the Nine Emperors' belief ceremony in the Doumu Palace have been embodied, such as "welcoming the gods", "inviting water", "sending the gods back to the sea" and "king boat".
which is earlier, the legend or the ceremony? It's hard to tell whether the legend was invented to match the ceremony or the punishment became a ceremony because of the legend. The mutual cooperation of rituals and legends has found some basis for the spread of beliefs, and also put a strong mysterious color on belief activities.
from the first day of September to the ninth day of September in the lunar calendar
Explanation:
The belief in the Nine Emperors was originally the Beidou belief, which is the oldest star worship in China people's tradition.
The Nine Emperors refer to the innate gods "Gouchen Emperor" and "Arctic Ziwei Emperor" with the same taste as the Jade Emperor, as well as the wolf-greedy, giant gate, Lu Cun, Wen Qu, Lian Zhen, Wu Qu and Pojun of the Big Dipper.
Because the history of China people's observation of Beidou can be traced back to the 3th century BC to the 4th century BC, nine planets is the ancient Beidou constellation observed by China people. Later, it was said that the Beidou constellation was seven bright and two dark, and there were two dark stars besides the seven stars: the auxiliary star and the Bi star. On the contrary, Taoism later explained that these two dark stars are actually the two stars of Gou Chen and Ziwei.
Every year in September of the lunar calendar, the Temple Fair of the Nine Emperors and the vegetarian diet, which are popular in various parts of Malaysia, actually originated from the custom of Taoist priests holding ritual fights and gatherings in China since the Han Dynasty. The ninth emperor's birthday includes the activities of collective ritual fighting and worship fighting, which is the southward migration of Beidou's worship custom.
Beidou belief is the most important worship of natural stars in China. Because Beidou is a constellation that rotates once a day in the sky of China, people also divide it into 12 rotation stages a day according to the rotation of Beidou, creating a time measurement method of observing Beidou for 12 hours.
It has also been found that the bucket handle of Beidou points to different directions in the sky according to the time of many different stages in a year. Whenever the stars appear at dusk, the direction pointed by bucket handle of Beidou will fall in a certain direction, but the stars in the sky will also shift according to the different directions pointed by bucket handle in different seasons.
So, people turned according to the direction of bucket handle, and found that bucket handle has 24 directions to point to, so people got the Chinese compass of "24 Mountains".
And every time bucket handle points to one side for a period of time, there will be a climate change on the ground, which will affect farming; So the ancients came to a conclusion that bucket handle's direction instructed 24 solar terms's climate change, which caused the difference between spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Therefore, the ancients have an idiom, "The stars are shifting", which is used to describe the passage of time and the changes of the world.
at night, the ancients used Beidou as a guide. The outermost two stars on the Bucket of Beidou are connected in a straight line, and there is a star at the place where it is extended to four times. No matter how Beidou rotates around it, it stands still. This star is the Polaris, which is always in the north.
Therefore, you can use Beidou to find your way regardless of time and season. If you don't know the time and season, you can also see Beidou to infer the time and season. People can find the position of Polaris according to Beidou, and they can recognize all directions as long as they find the north; According to the understanding of seasons, people measure the correct position of the ground according to the bucket handle finger of Beidou.
In Chinese mainland, which is based on agriculture and sparsely populated, observing the changes of Beidou in the sky can "indicate" people's understanding of climate change and traffic direction and become the highest and most standard indicator of agriculture and traffic.
whenever the Beidou changes, the stars in the sky, the yin and yang on the ground, the climate and the situation on earth will also change. Therefore, people think that Beidou manages the climate of the stars, which also affects people's longevity, and thus changes various geomantic numerology that evolved in the name of Beidou nine planets. People believe that worshipping Beidou can be used as a way to eliminate disasters, solve problems and increase happiness and longevity.
according to the Taoist Beidou classic, it is the ninth emperor's birthday of Beidou from the first day of September to the ninth day of September every year, and worshipping the stars of Beidou for nine days in a row can make people avoid disasters and prolong their lives.
Myth
1) The origin of the Nine Emperors, as explained in the Taoist Book of the Big Dipper, is an incarnation story of a god.
According to the scripture, the king of the Long and Han Dynasties had an imperial concubine, Mrs. Ziguang, who made a vow to give birth to her son "Fu Jian Gan Kun" in the past. One day, this princess bathed in the golden lotus pond, and was induced to give birth to nine lotus buds, which turned into nine sons and became the Nine Emperors.
2) According to the teachings of life's core monuments Yansheng Jing, the Yin Qi of the Buddha at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty turned into Doum. Doom's brahman spirit has transformed into nine emperors again. Therefore, the Nine Emperors are the innate gods.
Anyone who serves the Nine Emperors must respect the mother of the Nine Emperors, and any place where he serves the mother of the Nine Emperors is called "Doumu Temple" or "Doumu Palace", but it is not often called "Nine Emperors the Great" as the official temple.
3) People have another anthropomorphic legend about the origin of the Nine Emperors, thinking that they were righteous men who were killed because of their failure to resist violence or protect the emperor, or leaders of maritime forces who were beheaded by the government.
In some places in Nanyang, there are nine emperors' temples, where the ceremony of welcoming the gods is to welcome the seawater back to the altar at the seaside, and some people wear leucorrhea or hemp belts with their hands during the celebration, which is like mourning.
The popularity of legends may be related to the early association with the Party. In the early years, the social parties used the cover of the ninth emperor's birthday to organize associations and hold ceremonies; The ceremony of honoring the Nine Emperors included the ceremony of transcend's loyalty to the soul, and the Hui Party may also take this opportunity to commemorate the martyrs who were the righteous teachers of counter-violence at sea, which led to the emergence of legends.
Custom
1) The Ninth Emperor's Birthday is an annual day for believers to be a vegetarian collectively. Although the length of each person's vegetarian days in these 9 days is not the same, it is in line with the rules that vegetarians must pay attention to their body, mouth and mind.
the exquisite practice requires that the pots and pans used for cooking vegetarian dishes are not contaminated with meat.
2) In areas where the Ninth Emperor's Birthday is held, bamboo trees called "Gaodengsong" must be erected. The material of bamboo and pine leaves branches and tails, and nine lights are hung on it. There are two meanings of setting up a lantern song:
(1) It is used to guide the gods in the sky, let them know that there is a celebration and ceremony somewhere, and come together to celebrate * * *.
(2) Taoism uses the "Beidou Lamp Instrument" to eliminate disasters and welcome auspicious events. It represents the simplification and formalization of the lamp instrument.
In the past, vertical lanterns were used to dig holes in the ground, and objects with auspicious meanings were hidden in the holes, including nails (out of ding), coins (making money), charcoal (exuberant), grains or beans (bumper harvest). Now, bamboo songs are usually erected on asphalt roads, so they are all erected with a tripod, and they don't pay attention to burying mascots. In some places, temples only light nine lights in the altar.
3) In fact, the first few days of the ninth month of the lunar calendar also happened to be the birthday of several other gods. For example, September 1st is the birthday of Nezha, which is popular in southern China.
Therefore, according to the folk temples, every time the Nine Emperors are born, there will be different gods coming to the altar to do things and celebrate, making the Nine Emperors' Birthday a day for many gods to dance and gather. Therefore, it is called the birthday of the Nine Emperors, but it is also the heyday when the children of other gods lead the believers to perform rituals and performances.
On the ninth day, on the night when the Nine Emperors returned to heaven, there were also gods and children from all walks of life escorting the Nine Emperors to March around the country, which was very lively.
4) Fujian people like to address gods with "Ye", so they are commonly known as "Nine Emperors of Beidou". In addition, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province is also commonly known as the patron saint of its regional nature as "Wang Ye".
The village surname "Wang Ye" is not only the plague god, but also the ancestor god of a village and a family. When people are afraid of infectious diseases, it is a kind of psychological comfort to recognize the god in charge of diseases as the protector of ancestors and villages.
Although the "Emperor" is different from the "Lord" and the surnames of the princes in each village are different, one of the important tasks of the Nine Emperors Lantern is to pray for the plague at the last night. Therefore, the local Nine Emperors Festival has seen the ceremony of sending a boat to sea, or even burning it at sea.
For a long time, people who don't have a thorough understanding of the faith also regard the ceremony of "sending the king's boat" interspersed with the ninth emperor's birthday as sending the "king's boat".
Significance
Many poems praising Beidou have been circulated in China, and in Taoist beliefs, Beidou is believed to protect the country and the people and change fate.
Because the change of the Big Dipper in the sky can be used as an "indicator sign" of human changes, its phenomenon has been regarded as dominating the national luck since ancient times, and it is also considered to be related to everyone's own destiny. People even compare Bao Gong and Di Qing and other legendary figures in the series < P > to the reincarnation of one of the stars in the Big Dipper, or compare other national heroes to the Big Dipper. This belief in stars is the national image of the Chinese nation in religious belief.
1) The popularity of Nine Emperors' Birthdays actually represents people's inheritance of national history and culture, as well as everyone's hope for turning evil into good in his life every year.
Because Beidou is in charge of human destiny, praying to Beidou is a way to change one's life. Although Malaysia, which is located in the south of Chinese mainland, can no longer see the Big Dipper, this belief has crossed the Hainan with people's cultural mentality and belief tradition, and developed more widely.
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