Overview of the characters in Cao Chuan Borrowing Arrows
Zhou Yu: sinister and cunning; Zhuge Liang: calm, confident;
Lu Su: loyal and honest; Cao Cao: cautious and suspicious.
Reason for not liking Zhou Yu: He is polite on the surface but hiding murderous intent in his heart;
Reason for liking Zhuge Liang: He is focused on the overall situation, calm and confident.
Zhuge Liang’s specific analysis
(1) Wisdom (written on the blackboard: proficient in astronomy and familiar with geography)
① “At this time, the sky was filled with heavy fog, and the people on the river were facing each other. I can’t even see clearly.”
(Analysis:) “The sky is filled with heavy fog.” There is heavy fog everywhere. Choosing such weather shows that Zhuge Liang is proficient in astronomy and meteorology and has accurate predictions.
② Familiar with geography
Cao Cao knew he had been fooled, but the ship here was going smoothly, and it had already sailed more than twenty miles like flying, and it was too late to catch up.
(Analysis:) Familiarity with the terrain, smooth sailing, and easy return.
(2) Have a strategy (writing on the blackboard: clever arrangements, strategizing)
① Zhuge Liang said: "You will lend me twenty ships, and there will be thirty sergeants on each ship. The boat is covered with a green cloth curtain, and there are more than a thousand straw handles lined up on both sides of the boat. I have a magical purpose. But I can't let the governor know about it on the third day. The plan is over.
(Analysis:) Zhuge Liang's preparations for borrowing arrows are the basic conditions for Zhuge Liang to borrow arrows. The boat is covered with green cloth curtains, which is a disguise. The purpose of placing straw was to receive arrows.
② Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned around, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west. He still beat the drum and shouted, approaching Cao Jun's water stronghold to receive arrows.
(Analysis:) "Turn the boat over, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west." This way, you can receive arrows from both sides and maintain the balance of the hull. It also makes it easier to return with the wind and the current after the arrows are full, saving the time of turning around. .
(3) Foresight (writing on the blackboard: know the weather and know people)
① Predict the weather
At this time, the sky is full of fog, and you can’t even see each other face to face on the river. Unclear.
(Analysis:) Proficient in astronomy and meteorology, and accurate in prediction.
A. "...But the governor cannot know." , if he finds out, my plan will be over.
Why did Zhuge Liang only tell Lu Su?
(Analysis:) He knew that Lu Su was loyal and trustworthy (teacher: Lu Su was loyal and trustworthy) and had the overall situation in mind, so he could be trusted, so he borrowed a boat from him. He knew that Zhou Yu was very smart, so he did not let Lu Su Ask Zhou Yu about borrowing a boat.
B. Why didn’t Zhuge Liang let Zhou Yu know about borrowing the boat? "...Zhou Yu was very happy and asked Zhuge Liang to issue a military order in person, and set up a banquet to entertain him...Zhuge Liang drank a few glasses of wine and left."
(Analysis:) Zhou Yu devised an arrow-making plan Framing Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang promised to make 100,000 arrows in three days and was also willing to issue a military order.
Zhou Yu believed that Zhuge Liang had fallen into a trap. So "very happy". He asked Zhuge Liang to issue a military order in person because he wanted to force Zhuge Liang to a dead end so that he could be sure of victory. As for setting up a banquet, it was completely hypocritical.
(Analysis:) Zhuge Liang did not accept Zhou Yu’s hospitality. In fact, he had already seen through Zhou Yu’s treacherous plot
I found some more and sorted them out myself
(1) What kind of person can Zhou Yu tell Lu Su from what he said to him?
(2) What help did Zhuge Liang ask Lu Su for? What did he specifically ask Lu Su to do? Related to the above, which words in the text indicate that Zhuge Liang is confident about completing the task of making arrows and thwarting Zhou Yu's conspiracy?
(3) How did Lu Su report to Zhou Yu? What kind of person do you get from this?
This large paragraph is arranged with three questions, which actually allow students to clarify the meaning of this paragraph. The first layer is that Zhou Yu ordered the military craftsmen not to prepare arrows for Zhuge Liang. materials, and sent Lu Su to find out how Zhuge Liang made arrows. In this sense, students can understand by thinking about the first question that Zhou Yu is narrow-minded, jealous of talents, completely disregarding the overall situation of resisting Cao Cao, and only wants to make things difficult for Zhuge Liang and punish him.
The second meaning of this paragraph is that Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su to help him, and asked Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu about borrowing the ship. At this level, the teacher should let the students grasp the word "it has its own magical effect" and talk about their experience, so as to understand that Zhuge Liang has already had a way to deal with Zhou Yu, and he has it in mind. In addition, students can easily answer the first question of the second question in this paragraph through reading. Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su to arrange ships, sergeants, curtains, and straw handles for him. Judging from the things he needs that have nothing to do with making arrows, we can also analyze that Zhuge Liang has long been confident about crushing Zhou Yu's conspiracy. The second question of the second subtitle is what Zhuge Liang specifically asked Lu Su to do? By reading, children can quickly find the answer from the book: however, they cannot let the governor know. If he knew, my plan would be over. Why did Zhuge Liang give such special instructions to Lu Su? In connection with the above analysis of the character Zhou Yu, it is not difficult to see that although Zhou Yu is narrow-minded and kind-hearted, as the governor of Soochow, he is certainly not an idle person. He is also very smart and is very good at using troops in war. Have talent.
If he were told that Zhuge Liang borrowed these things from Lu Su, he would probably guess Zhuge Liang's intention. Even if he couldn't guess, he would do everything possible to obstruct it and not lend Zhuge Liang these things, thereby destroying Zhuge Liang's plan and making it impossible for him to do so. His evil plot succeeded. Zhuge Liang clearly saw Zhou Yu's sinister intentions and villain's face, so he specially told Lu Su to do that.
The third meaning of this paragraph is that when Lu Su went back to report the situation to Zhou Yu, he said that Zhuge Liang did not want materials for making arrows and did not mention borrowing a boat. Zhou Yu was puzzled. At this level, teachers must guide students to understand the word "sure enough". "Sure enough" means that it is really the case. Things happened as expected, and then let the students talk about what kind of person Lu Su is. I think: sixth grade students It is not difficult to say that Lu Su is a man of his word.
The understanding of the second paragraph of the text is not complete here. We need to guide students to a deeper understanding. Teachers can ask after finishing the second paragraph: Why did Zhuge Liang dare to borrow things from Lu Su? Why did he specifically tell Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu about borrowing the boat? Because they have the previous understanding as a basis, the students will easily answer: because Zhuge Liang understands the characteristics of the two people very well. Lu Su was trustworthy and Zhou Yu was treacherous and vicious, so he did what he did. From this we can also see that Zhuge Liang is good at recognizing people, which is one of the main reasons why he was able to successfully borrow arrows later.
After studying the second paragraph of text, give students time to read it again so as to understand the different personality characteristics of the three characters.
3. Study the third paragraph of the text.
This paragraph is the key paragraph of the text. It tells the story of Zhuge Liang's clever "borrowing arrows" from Cao Cao in chronological order.
This paragraph can be read silently for self-study, that is, read this paragraph silently and think at the same time:
(1) When did Zhuge Liang set sail to borrow arrows? Why wait until now to go?
This question should make it clear to students: Zhuge Liang and the others did not sail until the fourth watch on the third day. Because the sky was dim at this time and there was thick fog on the river, this could blind Cao Jun's eyes and make them unclear.
(2) Where did Zhuge Liang park the ship? Why?
Through thinking, this question allows students to understand that Zhuge Liang parked the boat on the river near Cao Jun's water village, with the purpose of being at the right distance when receiving an arrow. If it's too far away, the arrow won't be able to hit it; if it's too close, it's afraid that Cao Jun will see clearly and see through his plan. It can be seen from this that Zhuge Liang also made careful arrangements in this regard.
(3) How did the ship stop there? Why do this?
When thinking about this problem, the teacher can ask students to fold some small paper boats in advance and stick them together. After the students have finished reading the content of this book, let them demonstrate by themselves. At the same time, it was understood that Zhuge Liang's purpose of "spreading the fleet out" was to increase the area where arrows were received, so that more arrows could hit the straw. This also allows students to realize that Zhuge Liang's intelligence is indeed superhuman.
(4) When the ship stopped, what did Zhuge Liang ask the soldiers to do? Why do this? What are the different reactions between him and Lu Su? What does it mean?
This thinking question allows students to read and find the answer. Zhuge Liang asked the soldiers to "beat the drums and shout" but it was actually a bluff, creating the illusion of a large army pressing down on the situation to confuse Cao's army, so that they did not dare to bravely face the enemy on a foggy day, and could only use arrows to force the enemy back. Lu Su was surprised and frightened when he saw Zhuge Liang asking the soldiers to beat drums and shout. If Cao Cao's troops came out, these people would be in danger; but Zhuge Liang smiled and said with certainty that Cao Cao would not dare to send troops out, and invited Lu Su to have a drink and have fun with him. By comparing the different reactions of the two characters, students can understand the superhumanity of Zhuge Liang's strategy and courage. In addition, the word "certain" must be grasped in this paragraph to allow students to analyze Zhuge Liang's confidence.
(5) What did Cao Cao do? What kind of person do you get from this? What kind of person do you think Zhuge Liang is?
This question should make students grasp Cao Cao's words and deeds to understand that he is a suspicious person by nature, cautious about everything, and dare not act rashly. Zhuge Liang dared to arrange this because he seized on this weakness of Cao Cao. From this we can see that Zhuge Liang not only knows himself, but also knows his enemies. His characteristic of being good at knowing people is once again confirmed here.
(6) How did Zhuge Liang arrange the fleet when it first arrived? How were you mobilized later? Why is this arranged?
Zhuge Liang first had the bow of the fleet facing west and the stern facing east. After the straw handles on the boats near Cao Ying were covered with arrows, he ordered the boats to be turned around and the bows facing east. Facing east, stern facing west. On the one hand, this arrangement allowed the straw handle on the other side of the boat to receive arrows, and on the other hand, it was smooth sailing on the way back. Cao Cao knew that it would be too late to pursue him after he was fooled.
When teaching this part, teachers can also draw some simple drawings to help students understand.
If the teacher is unwilling to draw pictures, students can also be asked to demonstrate to achieve understanding.
When explaining this paragraph, the teacher can also remind students that the water of the Yangtze River flows from west to east, so that they can appreciate Zhuge Liang's ingenious formation, which not only saves time, is convenient and fast, but also achieves the best results. effect. These are all due to his understanding of the geographical environment.
(7) Summarize the reasons why Zhuge Liang was able to successfully "borrow" arrows.
Since they have a deep understanding of this paragraph, it is not difficult for students to summarize it. Teachers must make it clear to them that there are four reasons for Zhuge Liang's success: ① Familiar with the weather. He could predict that there would be heavy fog within three days, and when he returned, it would be smooth sailing and Cao's army would not have time to catch up. ②Be familiar with geography. Able to park the boat in the best position to receive arrows in heavy fog. ③Good at recognizing people. Understand Lu Su's loyalty. Knowing that he would not reveal the secret of borrowing the ship, and knowing that Cao Cao was suspicious by nature, it was expected that he would not dare to attack easily without clarifying the truth. ④Think carefully. The plan is clever and makes full use of various favorable conditions. Such as arranging straw boats, carefully camouflaging them, taking advantage of heavy fog, and having a smooth sailing when returning, etc.