How high can the yield per mu of Macrobrachium rosenbergii be? What are the high-yield experiences?
The experience of high-yield culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is to pay attention to management and technology. This paper introduces the experience of high-yield culture of 47.2 mu Macrobrachium rosenbergii pond in Wangxin Town Fisheries Company, Jiading District, Shanghai.
Wangxinzhen Fishery Company in Jiading District, 1997 * * * Breeding 19 Pond area is 47.2 mu, total output 16685 kg, average specification 50-60 fish/kg, commercial fish 1955.5 kg, and the total output is 527,577 yuan. The gross profit is 3044 13 yuan, the average surface area per mu is 247.5kg of shrimp and 41.4kg of fish, and the output value per mu is1177.40 yuan, and the gross profit is 6449.43 yuan. Achieve high yield and high efficiency, summarized as follows:
(1) change the business model, mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, and establish a high-yield and high-benefit guarantee mechanism for Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Famous aquaculture is an aquaculture industry with large investment, heavy responsibility, strong technology, high risk and good profitability, especially the culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Although the production cycle is short, the responsibility is very heavy, and the working hours are mainly in the morning and evening, and floating heads and flooding may occur with a little negligence. In order to raise Macrobrachium rosenbergii well, we apply the laws of market economy and act according to economic laws. We should change collective contracting into individual management, directly link personal income with operating results, implement net investment per mu of water surface or set output according to area, set cost according to output, and all the excess parts will be owned by operators, so as to ensure that the collective has accumulated and the individual has a head start. Encourage operators to establish the concept of "aquaculture output is in my heart and work quality is in my hands", and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees. In the process of breeding, we get up early every day, regardless of working hours and hard work, and strive to achieve high yield and efficiency, and employees have also tasted the sweetness, with an average income of more than 40 thousand yuan. For example, a special base for aquaculture farms will be contracted by individuals, and after paying the pond rental fee 1000 yuan per mu, all the proceeds will be owned by themselves. 1999, the aquaculture water surface was 30.2 mu, and the commercial shrimp was 7660 kg, with a yield of 253.7 kg per mu. In addition, 3020 big-billed mullet were raised, producing 978 kilograms of fish. In addition, silver carp and bighead carp were also interplanted, achieving a total output value of 348,797 yuan and an output value of 1 1549.6 yuan per mu. Excluding the materialized cost, the profit reached 193496 yuan, with an average of 6407 yuan per mu. The average profit of four employees reached 48,000 yuan. Another example is Changjing Fishing Ground. In 2000, the management mode of quota, output, cost and over-production was implemented. Two employees cultivate water surface 17 mu, with a total shrimp output of 4025 kg and a yield of 236.9 kg per mu. The total output value 178780 yuan, cost 67858 yuan, gross profit10922 yuan, per capita profit of 55,000 yuan, including collective profit of 20,000 yuan.
(2) Make a fuss about pond conditions and stocking, so as to lay a foundation for high yield of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Pond conditions are directly related to the output of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. 1998 19 pond has a water surface of 47.2 mu, with an average water surface of 2.5 mu in the pond. The fishing pond was excavated in 1993. It has the characteristics of short pond age, small pond mouth area, less silt at the bottom of the pond and large slope of the pond ridge, and the water level can be maintained at1.5 ~.
Before stocking, shrimp ponds were exposed to the sun for a long time in winter and spring, and then the average water surface per mu was cleaned and disinfected with 100 kg of quicklime to completely kill pests and diseases. After the medicinal properties disappear, filter the water inlet with a 20 ~ 40 mesh screen and add water to prevent the enemy from re-entering the pond from the water body and affecting the survival rate of shrimp seedlings.
The stocking time in 2000 was earlier than 1999. Due to the lack of warm conditions, all conventional seedlings are stocked in our town. According to past experience, normal weather after May 20th is beneficial to the survival and growth of Macrobrachium macrobrachium. In 2000, according to the improvement of the weather in May compared with previous years and the recent weather changes, scientific decisions were made. Stocking began in May 1 1, which won valuable time for the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Desalinated seedlings 1.4289 million were put into 47.2 mu of water surface, with an average of 30,300 shrimp seedlings raised on water surface.
Early release of shrimp will drive the matching of fish species. In the 30.2-mu shrimp pond, on June 2nd, American mullet 100 was stocked, with 30 bream and 30 silver carp slices of 0. 15 kg each. 17 mu shrimp pond interplanting 24 silver carp with 0.3 kg/tail can not only adjust the water quality, but also be beneficial to the growth of shrimp. Natural bait in water can also be used to increase the added value of other by-products.
(3) Make great efforts in management to create a good ecological environment for the growth of Macrobrachium macrobrachium.
After the young shrimps are stocked, they are eaten with cooked duck egg yolk, soybean milk and fish paste the next day, and the materials increase with the growth of the shrimps. After 10 day old, feed young shrimp (pellet feed) and gradually increase investment. After 20 days, all the shrimps were fed with pellet feed, and the diameter and dosage of pellets were adjusted according to the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii to ensure that Macrobrachium rosenbergii could eat well. Feeding is mainly distributed evenly around the pond at a distance of 1 ~ 2m from the water's edge, and gradually advances from shallow water area to deep water area. In 2000, the feed for * * * was 25250kg, with a feed coefficient of 2. 1 1, and the lowest in Changjingchang was only 1.67.
Planting aquatic plants
According to the life habits of Macrobrachium macrobrachium, Macrobrachium macrobrachium likes to hide and shell. Planting an appropriate amount of aquatic plants in the shrimp pond is beneficial to the habitat of giant shrimp. According to the characteristics that planting Chinese cabbage is superior to other aquatic plants, we began to plant Chinese cabbage around the pond ridge 1 m in April, and fixed it in the pond with waste net strips or lead wires and extended it in xiang tang, so that the growth area of Chinese cabbage does not exceed13 of the total water area, which is convenient for feeding and water quality management.
Regulating water quality and mechanical oxygenation
When stocking, the water level is controlled at about 0.8 m, and then gradually rises to 1.8 ~ 2 m, while the water quality keeps a certain concentration, so as to cultivate rich natural bait and meet the growth needs of Macrobrachium macrobrachium. As the shrimp grows up and becomes granular, the water quality should be lightened accordingly. In summer, the temperature is higher and the shrimp grows up. In order to prevent flooding caused by lack of oxygen in the water, it is necessary to configure the aerator and start it at the right time to ensure the tender, lively and cool water quality and create good water quality conditions for the growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
(4) Seize the market opportunity to achieve high yield and high efficiency.
Due to the bumper harvest of Macrobrachium rosenbergii 1999, the shrimp price sales weakened. In 2000, some shrimp farmers made a fuss about the word "early" while reducing the breeding area, and put forward "early stocking and early management" Reaching the early stage of listing may lead to the trend of lower price in the early stage and higher price in the later stage. To this end, we consider appropriately delaying the listing time, starting from late September and ending before the National Day. The average price per catty of shrimp is around 43 yuan, which is basically the same as that in the previous period, but the listing specifications are bigger, so the benefits are better.