Which festival is the nickname of Smart Day?
Tomb-Sweeping Day. "Smart Festival" is another name for Tomb-Sweeping Day. Because "Qingming" and "Smart" are homophonic, Tomb-Sweeping Day is also called "Smart Festival".
As we all know, when we are in Tomb-Sweeping Day, we should worship our ancestors and respect the elderly and elders. Every time you visit a grave, it's unforgettable. The ancients called Tomb-Sweeping Day "Smart Festival", hoping that through this festival, spring breeze would make children smart.
Tomb-Sweeping Day, with both natural and humanistic connotations, is not only one of the "24 solar terms", but also a traditional festival for ancestor worship. "Twenty-four solar terms" is the product of ancient farming civilization, which not only plays a guiding role in agricultural production, but also affects ancient people's food, clothing, housing and transportation, and even cultural concepts. The "Twenty-four solar terms" were originally determined by the rotation direction of bucket handle, the Big Dipper, which rotates circularly and is closely related to the twenty-four solar terms. In different seasons and at different times, the Big Dipper will point in different directions, which has also become the basis for ancient people to judge the changes of solar terms, that is, the so-called "bucket handle refers to the east, and the world is spring; Guide to barrel handle, it's summer in the world; Bucket handle refers to the west, and the world is autumn; Bucket handle refers to the north, and the world is winter. ". "Twenty-four solar terms" is a special festival to express natural rhythm changes and establish "December construction" in the trunk calendar. Years old is divided into "December construction" in the official calendar (December of the lunar calendar or the twelfth year of the earthly branch). "Jian" represents the direction of the top of Beidou bucket handle, and bucket handle rotates to "twelfth lunar month" in turn. In traditional culture, the branch is linked with the time position of gossip, and the yin position is the "root position" of gossip the day after tomorrow. It is the position at the end of the year and the beginning of the year, representing the end and the beginning, such as Yi Shuo Gua Zhuan: "The root, the divination in the northeast, is also the beginning of everything." Therefore, bucket handle starts from the north of due east (yin position, gossip position the day after tomorrow) and rotates around east, south, west and north, which is called one of the "years old". When bucket handle points to the "B" position due east and south, it is clear and clear. Tomb-Sweeping Day is full of air, everything is clean, full of vitality, and the temperature rises. The earth presents the image of spring and tranquility, which is a good time for spring outing and grave sweeping in the suburbs.
According to the research results of modern anthropology and archaeology, the two most primitive beliefs of human beings are the belief in heaven and earth and the belief in ancestors. According to archaeological excavations, a 10,000-year-old tomb was found at the Qingtang site in Yingde, Guangdong Province, which is the earliest tomb in China, indicating that ancient ancestors had a clear sense of burial behavior and customs thousands of years ago. The custom of "grave-sweeping sacrifice" has a long history, and Qingming "grave-sweeping sacrifice" is the synthesis and sublimation of traditional spring customs. The establishment of the ancient branch calendar provided decisive conditions for the formation of festivals. Ancestor belief and sacrificial culture were important factors in the formation of ancestral worship custom in Qingming Festival. Tomb-Sweeping Day is rich in customs, which can be summarized as two festivals and traditions: one is to respect the ancestors and be cautious to the end; The second is outing and getting close to nature. Tomb-Sweeping Day not only has the theme of sweeping, remembering and remembering, but also has the theme of taking an outing and enjoying the body and mind. The traditional concept of "harmony between man and nature" has been vividly reflected in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Through historical development, Tomb-Sweeping Day has integrated the customs of the Cold Food Festival and Shangsi Festival in Tang and Song Dynasties, and integrated various folk customs, which has extremely rich cultural connotations.
When is Smart Day?
Gregorian calendar around April 5.
Tomb-Sweeping Day is also one of the solar terms. Tomb-Sweeping Day gas point: Dou refers to B; The solar calendar is15; It is celebrated from April 4th to 6th in the Gregorian calendar. The "Twenty-four solar terms" were originally determined by the direction of the top of the bucket handle of the Big Dipper. The bucket handle starts from the "female" position and then rotates clockwise. When bucket handle points to the "second position", it is the spirit of Qingming. From the Han Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the solar terms were divided by the "average time method", and the period from winter solstice to winter solstice of the following year was divided into 24 segments (each segment was 15 days), with winter solstice as the starting point of the "24 solar terms"; Tomb-Sweeping Day Qi is counted from the winter, that is, the first 105 day after winter. The current "twenty-four solar terms" come from the "fixed air method" concluded more than 300 years ago (used since 1645), which is determined according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic. When the solar calendar reaches 15, it is the node of Tomb-Sweeping Day. In the Qingming Festival, the climate in Huangjijiao and its vicinity has been refreshing and warm, and the earth presents a quiet scene in spring. "Qingming" means that the climate is warm, plants sprout, apricots and peaches are in full bloom, giving people a fresh, clear and prosperous feeling everywhere.
"Huainanzi Astronomical Training": "On the fifteenth day after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to B, then the Qingming wind will arrive"; The "Qingming wind" in the article is a refreshing and clear wind. At the age of 100, I asked, "When everything grows, it is pure and bright, so it is called Qingming." "Almanac": "On the fifteenth day after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to Ding, which is used for Qingming, when everything is clean and bright, and when it is covered, everything is clean and bright, hence the name."
According to the observation of nature, the ancients divided Qingming into three stages: "When Tung began to blossom; The second vole becomes _; The third rainbow is first seen. " The flower letter represented by the Qingming three seasons is: "Waiting for tung flowers, waiting for wheat flowers, waiting for willow flowers." Three flowers bloom, spring is full of branches, spring is full and green is budding.