How big are tick bite larvae?

Introduction

Ticks (pí) are also called ticks, commonly known as grass ticks, grass ticks, cattle ticks, and grass ticks. Hibernating on grass and plants in shallow hills and hills, or lodged in the fur of livestock and other animals. When not sucking blood, the small ones are as big as deflated mung beans, and some are as thin as rice grains; after sucking blood, they are the size of plump soybeans, and the big ones can be as big as a fingernail. Anaplasmosis caused by tick bites is an infectious disease, and people are generally susceptible to it. Medical staff or their caregivers who have close contact with critically ill patients and direct contact with patient blood and other body fluids may also be infected if they do not pay attention to protection. [1]

Edit the shape of this paragraph

Ticks

The body of the tick is oval. When not sucking blood, the abdomen and back are flat and the back is slightly raised. The adult body is 2~ 10mm; after full blood, it will swell like an adzuki bean or castor bean, and the larger one can be up to 30mm. The epidermis is leathery, and the back may have a chitinized shield. The insect body is divided into two parts: jaw body and body.

Ixodex

The jaw body, also called the false head, is located at the front end of the body and can be seen from the back. It consists of the jaw base, chelicerae, hypooral plate and palps. The jaw base is connected to the front end of the body and is a well-defined ossification area in a hexagonal, rectangular or square shape. There is a pair of hole areas on the back of the jaw base of female ticks, which have the function of sensing and secreting body fluids to help lay eggs. One pair of chelicerae protrudes from the center of the back of the base of the jaw [2] and is an important stabbing and cutting device. There is a suboral plate, located on the ventral surface of the chelicerae, which forms the oral cavity when closed with the chelicerae. There are inverted teeth on the ventral surface of the hypooral plate, which are attachment organs fixed in the host's skin when sucking blood. On both sides of the chelicerae are pedipalps, which are composed of 4 segments. The 4th segment is short and embedded in a small depression on the ventral surface of the end of the 3rd segment. The body is bag-shaped, mostly brown, and symmetrical on both sides. The scute on the back of a male tick covers almost the entire back, while the scute on a female tick only occupies a part of the front part of the body. Some ticks form different floral decorations called festoons on the rear edge of the scute. There are 4 pairs of legs on the ventral surface, each with 6 segments, namely the basal segment, the trochanter, the femoral segment, the tibia, the posterior tarsal segment and the tarsal segment. There is usually a spur on the basal segment. There is Haller's organ at the proximal end of the dorsal edge of the tarsus of foot I, which has an olfactory function. There is a pair of claws and a pad-like interclaw process at the end. The genital pore is located in the front half of the ventral surface, often on the horizontal line of the second and third pairs of foot bases. The anus is located at the back of the body and often has an anal groove. There is a pair of valves, located on the posterior and outer sides of the base IV of the foot, with wide valve plates. Male ticks have chitin plates on their ventral surface, and the number of bases varies depending on the genus and species of the tick.

Soft ticks

The jaws are on the ventral surface of the body and cannot be seen from the back. Apertureless area on the dorsal surface of the jaw base. There is no scute on the back of the body, and the body surface is mostly granular warts, or wrinkled or disc-shaped depressions. The valve plate is small and located in front and above the base section IV. The genital pore is located in the front part of the ventral surface, and the sexual characteristics are not obvious. The anus is located in the middle or later of the body. Some soft ticks also have pre-anal grooves, middle post-anal grooves and post-anal transverse grooves, which are located in front and behind the anus respectively. Each basal segment has no spurs, and although the tarsal segments have claws, they have no claw pads. There are openings of basal gland glands between the basal segments I and II of adults and nymphs. The secretion of basal gland gland fluid has the function of regulating water, electrolytes and hemolymph components. When sucking blood, pathogens can also contaminate host wounds with the secretion of basal gland fluid and cause infection, such as some species of Ornithodoros ticks.

Edit this life history

Ticks

The development process is divided into four stages: egg, larvae, nymph and adult. After sucking blood, the adults mate and fall to the ground, crawling on grass roots, tree roots, livestock houses, etc., and lay eggs in surface gaps. After laying eggs, female ticks dry up and die, and male ticks can mate several times in their lifetime. The eggs are spherical or oval, about 0.5-1mm in size, light yellow to brown in color, and often piled into clusters. Under suitable conditions, eggs can hatch into larvae within 2 to 4 weeks. The larvae look like nymphs, but are small and have 3 pairs of legs. The larvae molt into nymphs in 1 to 4 weeks. Hard tick nymphs only have one stage, while soft tick nymphs go through 1 to 6 stages. Nymphs have 4 pairs of legs and no genital pores. Then it sucks blood from the host, and after landing on the ground, it molts into an adult worm in 1 to 4 weeks. The time it takes for hard ticks to complete one generation of life cycle ranges from 2 months to 3 years; for most soft ticks, it takes half a year to two years. The lifespan of hard ticks ranges from 1 month to dozens of months; adults of soft ticks generally live from 5 to 6 years to decades due to multiple blood meals and multiple egg layings. Ticks have the phenomenon of changing hosts during their life history. They can be divided into four types according to the number of times they change hosts: ① Single-host ticks: They stay on the same host body at all stages of development. The female lands to lay eggs after being saturated with blood. Such as the tiny cattle tick (Boophilus microplus). ②Two-host ticks: The larvae develop into nymphs on one host, and the adults parasitize on the other host. Such as Hyaloma detritum. ③Three-host ticks: larvae, nymphs, and adults parasitize on three hosts respectively. Such as Ixodes unisulata and Dermacentor prairie ticks. More than 90% of Ixodes ticks are three-host ticks, and most important vectors of tick-borne diseases are three-host ticks. ④Multi-host ticks: larvae, nymphs and adults of all instars, and female ticks need to find a host to parasitize and suck blood before laying eggs, and leave after each time they are full of blood. Soft ticks are generally multi-host ticks.

Edit this section Ecology

Oviposition and breeding areas

Ticks

Ixodes mostly live in forests, bushes, open spaces The soil of pastures, grasslands, and mountains is medium. Soft ticks mostly inhabit livestock pens, wild animal caves, bird nests and gaps in human houses.

Female ticks lay eggs after being fertilized and sucking blood. Ixodes lay eggs once in a lifetime. After being saturated with blood, they lay all their eggs within 4 to 40 days. They can lay hundreds to thousands, depending on the species. Soft ticks can lay eggs multiple times in their lifetime, with 50 to 200 eggs laid at one time, and the total number can reach a thousand.

Blood-sucking habits

Tick larvae, nymphs, and male and female adults all suck blood. Hosts include terrestrial mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and some species invade humans. Most tick species have a wide range of hosts. For example, the hosts of Ixodes unilateralis include 200 species of mammals, 120 species of birds and a few reptiles, and can invade humans. This has important epidemiological implications. Ixodex ticks mostly attack their hosts during the day and take a long time to suck blood, usually several days. Soft ticks mostly attack their hosts at night and take a short blood meal, usually a few minutes to an hour. The amount of blood sucked by ticks is very large, and they can swell several times to dozens of times after being filled with blood during each development stage. Female Ixodex ticks can even expand to more than 100 times.

Host Relationship

Ticks often have a certain degree of selectivity in the host's parasitic parts, usually in parts where the skin is thin and difficult to be tickled. For example, Ixodes sulcus ticks live on the neck, behind the ears, armpits, inner thighs, genitals and groin of animals or people. Microscopic cattle ticks mostly infest the neck wattles and udders of cattle, followed by the shoulder blades. Persian ticks often live under the wings of poultry and in the axils of legs.

Distribution and activities

Ixodes are mostly distributed in open nature, such as forests, shrubs, grasslands, and semi-desert areas. The distribution of different tick species is related to climate, soil, vegetation and hosts. For example, full-sulcus ticks are more common in high-latitude coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belts, Dermacentor steppe ticks live in semi-desert grasslands, and microscopic cattle ticks are distributed in agricultural areas, such as Cattle lice are found on cattle in the Dabie Mountains. Different tick species in the same area adapt to different environments. For example, among ticks in the Heilongjiang forest area, there are more full-sulcus ticks than in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest areas, while Haemaphysalis concinna is more common in the grassland in the forest area. Dian. Soft ticks inhabit hidden places, including animal dens, bird nests, and crevices where humans and animals live. How ticks find hosts: Ticks have a keen sense of smell and are very sensitive to the sweat odor and CO2 of animals. They can sense it when they are 15 meters away from the host. They will change from passive waiting to active waiting, and once they come into contact with the host, they will climb up. For example, when the adults of Ixodes ticks that live in forest areas are looking for hosts, they often gather at the tops of the grass and shrub branches and leaves on both sides of the path and wait. When the hosts pass by and come into contact with them, they will crawl to the hosts; the Ixodes ticks that live in desert areas will Oriental hyaline ticks mostly move on the ground and actively search for hosts; ticks that live in livestock pens mostly find hosts on the ground or climb up walls and wooden pillars. The activity range of ticks is not large, usually tens of meters. Host activity, especially the seasonal migration of migratory birds, plays an important role in tick dispersal.

Seasonal waxing and waning and overwintering

Temperature, humidity, soil, photoperiod, vegetation, hosts, etc. can all affect the seasonal waxing and waning and activities of ticks. In warm areas, most species of ticks are active in spring, summer, and autumn. For example, the adult activity period of Ixodes angustifolia is from April to August, with a peak in May to early June. The activity season of larvae and nymphs is longer, lasting from early spring to April. There are generally two peaks between September and October. The main peak is usually between June and July, and the secondary peak is around August and September. In hot areas, some species are active in autumn, winter and spring, such as Hyalomma remnant ticks. Soft ticks are mostly active in host caves and nests, so they can be active all year round. Most ticks overwinter in habitats. Ixodes can overwinter in animal caves, soil clods, litter layers, or on their hosts. Soft ticks mainly overwinter near the host's residence. The overwintering insect period varies depending on the species. Some insect stages can survive the winter, such as most species in the genus Ixodes; some survive the winter as adults, such as all species in the genus Dermacentor; some survive the winter as nymphs and adults, such as Haemaphysalis and soft ticks Some species overwinter as nymphs, such as Hyalomma remnant ticks; some overwinter as larvae, such as the tiny cattle tick.

Edit this section of important tick species

Ixodes persulcatus

Ixodes persulcatus

The scutes are brown and the whiskers The limbs are slender and cylindrical, and the auricular process at the base of the jaw is in the shape of a blunt tooth. The anal groove is in an inverted U shape in front of the anus, and the base section of foot I has a slender internal distance. It is a typical forest tick species and the dominant species in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests. Adults are active from April to June, and larvae and nymphs appear from April to October. A three-host tick completes one generation of development in three years. Overwinter as larvae, nymphs and adults that do not feed on blood. Adults parasitize large mammals and often attack humans; larvae and nymphs parasitize small mammals and birds. Distributed in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet and other places. It is the main vector of forest encephalitis in my country and can transmit Q fever and North Asian tick-borne rickettsiosis (also known as Siberian tick-borne typhus).

Dermacentor nuttalli

The scute has enamel-like spots, eyes and edge stacks; the palps are wide and short, the jaw base is rectangular, and the dorsal distance of the foot I trochanter is Short and rounded. It is a typical grassland species, mostly inhabiting arid semi-desert grassland areas. Adult ticks are active in spring, and juvenile ticks and nymphs appear in summer and autumn. It is a three-host tick, with one generation per year and overwintering as adults. Adults parasitize large mammals and sometimes attack humans; larvae and nymphs parasitize various rodents. Distributed in Northeast, North China, Northwest and Tibet. It is the main vector of tick-borne rickettsiosis in North Asia and can also transmit brucellosis.

Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi

(Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi) The scutes are reddish brown, with eyes and edge stacks. The pedipalps are long cylindrical, with the second segment significantly elongated; the legs are It is light yellow, with obvious light rings at each joint; the neck groove of the male is obviously deep groove-shaped, and the valve plate is pipe-shaped. Inhabits desert or semi-desert areas. Adults appear in spring and summer. It is a three-host tick. It develops about one generation a year and mainly overwinters as adults. Adults mainly parasitize camels and other livestock, but can also attack humans, while larvae and nymphs parasitize small wild animals. Distributed in Jilin, Inner Mongolia and northwest regions. It is the vector of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever.

Ornithodoros papillipes (Ornithodoros papillipes) has a granular body surface, and the intersection of the post-anal transverse groove and the post-anal middle groove is almost at a right angle (Figure 19-5). Live in desert and semi-desert areas. Multi-host ticks. Inhabits caves or caves of small and medium-sized mammals. It parasitizes small and medium-sized mammals such as foxes, hares, wild rats, hedgehogs, etc., and often attacks humans. Distributed in Xinjiang and Shanxi, it spreads relapsing fever and Q fever.

Edit the relationship between this paragraph and diseases

Direct harm

Ticks

Ticks are often painless when they sting and suck blood, but Because the chelicerae and suboral plate penetrate the host skin at the same time, they can cause local congestion, edema, acute inflammatory reaction, and can also cause secondary infection. Neurotoxins secreted from the saliva of some Ixodes ticks during the process of biting and sucking blood can cause conduction disorders in the host's motor fibers, causing ascending muscle paralysis, which can lead to respiratory failure and death, which is called tick paralysis. It is more common in children. If it is discovered in time and the tick is removed, the symptoms can be eliminated. Human cases of this disease have been reported in Northeast China and Shanxi.

Transmitted diseases

⑴ Forest encephalitis: It is an acute infectious disease of the nervous system caused by forest encephalitis virus and is a natural focal disease in forest areas. The main vector tick species in my country is Ixodes anis. The virus can be stored in ticks for a long time, can be passed to the next generation or the third and fourth generations through various metamorphosis stages and eggs, and can overwinter in ticks. This disease mostly occurs from May to August. It is mainly distributed in the forest areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in my country, and the patients are mainly loggers. In addition, cases have also occurred in Sichuan, Hebei, Xinjiang, Yunnan and other provinces and autonomous regions. ⑵ Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever: It is an acute tick-borne infectious disease and a natural focal disease in desert pastures. The causative agent is a tick-borne RNA virus. Sheep and Tarim rabbits in pastures in epidemic areas are the main sources of infection, and patients in the acute stage can also be infected. The main vector of transmission is hyalomma asiatica. The pathogen can be retained in the tick's body for several months and is transmitted through the eggs. In addition to being transmitted by ticks, the disease can also be infected by sheep blood through skin wounds, and when medical personnel come into contact with fresh blood of patients in the acute phase. It is prevalent in Xinjiang in my country, and the patients are mainly herdsmen. The peak period of incidence is from April to May. ⑶ Tick-borne relapsing fever: Also known as endemic relapsing fever, it is a natural focal spirochetal disease transmitted by Ornithodoros ticks. Irregular intermittent fever is its main clinical feature. The disease is prevalent in Xinjiang, my country. The pathogen is Borrelia persica in the villages and towns in southern Xinjiang, with Ornithoma papilloma being the vector; while in the wilderness type in northern Xinjiang is Borrelia persica (B . latyshevyi), Ornithodoros genus is the vector. Pathogens can be transmitted through eggs. Ornithodoros papillae ticks can be passed through eggs for 8 generations and can be stored for 14 years. The main source of animal infection is rats, and patients can also be the source of infection of this disease. ⑷Lyme disease: It was first discovered in my country in the summer of 1985 in the forest area of ​​Hailin County, Heilongjiang. The pathogen is B. burgdorferi. It is a natural focal disease transmitted by Ixodes ticks, which mostly occurs in spring and summer. The main vector in my country is Ixodes sulcus ticks, and some wild small rodents serve as reservoir hosts. The disease is widely distributed, with cases reported in more than 20 countries on five continents. Our country has confirmed that this disease is endemic in 20 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. ⑸Q fever: The pathogen is Coxiella burneti (Coxiella burneti tick

). The clinical characteristics of this disease are sudden onset. It is often spread between wild animals (rodents) and domestic animals. Cattle and sheep are the main sources of infection for human Q fever. The infection is mainly transmitted by respiratory inhalation, but can also be infected through the digestive tract, tick bites, and fecal contamination of wounds. Pathogens can exist in ticks for a long time and are transmitted through eggs. For example, Ornithodoros papillomae ticks can store pathogens for 2 to 10 years. The disease is distributed all over the world, and Q fever has been confirmed to exist in more than a dozen provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in my country. Natural infections with cattle ticks, Hyalomma asiatica and Haemaphysalis companulata have been found in endemic areas. ⑹ North Asian tick-borne rickettsiosis: also known as Siberian tick-borne typhus. The pathogen is Rickettsia sibirica. Small rodents are the main source of infection, and Dermacentor marginatus is the main vector. Dermacentor marginatus can also spread. The pathogen can be transmitted through eggs and can survive in ticks for 2 years. Pathogens can be transmitted through tick bites or tick feces contamination. This disease exists in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang of my country.

⑺Bacterial diseases: Ticks can transmit some bacterial diseases, such as plague, brucellosis, and rabbit fever. Ticks can store some pathogenic bacteria for a long time and transmit them through their eggs. For example, Yersinia pestis can survive for 509 days in the body of adult Dermacentor prairie ticks; Bacillus tularemia can survive in the body of Ornithodoros Lahore (O. lahorensis) for 200 to 700 days. Therefore, ticks play a certain role in preserving the natural foci of these diseases. effect. (8) Anaplasmosis: Ticks can transmit a type of "aplasma phagocytica", which can reduce platelets and white blood cells. Therefore, the industry calls this disease "anaplasmosis". But so far, only the United States and one country in Europe have isolated pathogens from tick bite patients.

Edit this paragraph to prevent and control principles

1. Environmental Control: Use pasture rotation and pasture isolation methods to eliminate ticks in grassland areas. Combined with land reclamation, clearing shrubs and weeds, cleaning livestock pens, plugging holes and caulking to prevent ticks from breeding, and hunting rodents. 2． Chemical control: Dichlorvos, malathion, fenitrothion, etc. can be sprayed in places where ticks live and overwinter. The use of 666 aerosol in forest areas has good results, and livestock can be regularly bathed in medicine to kill ticks. (666 should be a banned pesticide.) 3. Personal Protection Wear tight-fitting clothing, long socks, long boots, and a protective hat when entering tick-infested areas. Exposed areas should be coated with repellent, and each other should be checked when leaving to avoid taking ticks out of the infected area. ●Insect prevention Since ticks mainly live in grassland and woods, it is best to spray mosquito repellent on exposed skin when going out to play, and try to avoid sitting or lying in the wild for a long time. Pay attention to personal protection and wear tight-fitting, light-colored, smooth, long-sleeved clothes. Ticks often attach to the human scalp, waist, armpits, groin, and under the ankles. ●Insect removal: If you find a tick attached to the body, you cannot remove it immediately with tweezers or other tools, because the tick may contain infectious pathogens. After being stimulated, the tick will burrow deeper into the body and become larger. Tick ​​saliva is released in a large amount, so it is very incorrect to directly remove the tick with a tool or crush it with your fingers. There are also some folk methods such as burning the tick's buttocks, which are not advisable. The correct way is to quickly find the nearest regular hospital, instruct the doctor to disinfect the bite site and perform local anesthesia. After the anesthesia takes effect, the tick can be removed with tweezers (note that the barbs in the tick's mouthparts cannot be left in the body), and then quickly Admit hospital for observation and treatment, and inject corresponding antiviral drugs. After the incubation period is over and the body has no symptoms, you can then be discharged. If you are not feeling well after discharge, seek medical treatment promptly, and be sure to tell the doctor about the tick bite. Remember This passage. (Note: Not all doctors know how to remove ticks, so be sure to instruct the doctor, otherwise, you will be the victim after contracting the virus)

Edit the clinical characteristics of this paragraph

< p> 1. Cause: Caused by the mouthparts of hard ticks or soft ticks piercing the skin 2. Rash characteristics: edematous papules or small nodules, redness, swelling, blisters or ecchymoses, with traces of insect bites in the center. Ticks can sometimes be found. 3. Subjective symptoms: itching or pain. 4. Tick paralysis: It is caused by neurotoxins in tick saliva and easily occurs in children. It manifests as acute ascending paralysis and can lead to death due to respiratory failure. 5. Tick bite fever: Fever, chills, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms appear a few days after the tick bites blood

Edit this paragraph prevention methods

1. If found Do not take it out on your own and go to the hospital to take it out promptly. (The doctor will disinfect the area around the wound, anesthetize the tick on the wound, wait until the tick is completely anesthetized, and then easily pinch it out with a twister.) 2. When the tick burrows its head into the skin, the tick has a barb on the head and pulls it tighter and tighter, and then it can be taken out on its own. Ticks

tend to leave their heads in the skin to continue the infection. It is extremely troublesome to go to the hospital to get the head removed. 3. If you are bitten by an insect, you cannot kill the insect immediately. You should blow it away or the poison will be greater. 4. Prevention and treatment of tick stings: 1. When you find a tick staying on the skin, do not pull it hard to prevent secondary damage to the skin caused by tearing the tissue or breaking the mouthparts. You can apply chloroform, ether, kerosene, turpentine or dry smoke on the head of the tick and wait for the tick to fall naturally from the skin. 2. Disinfect the wound. If the mouthpart is broken into the skin, surgery should be performed to remove it. 3. There is 0.5% procaine local sealing around the wound. 4. Antihistamines and corticosteroids can be given when symptoms of systemic poisoning occur. When tick bite fever and tick paralysis are discovered, in addition to supportive therapy, corresponding symptomatic treatment and timely rescue are provided. Personal protection: Wear protective clothing when entering tick-infested areas, and tie trousers, cuffs and collars tightly. Apply repellent (DEET, DEET, Pehudan volatile oil) to exposed parts, or soak clothes in repellent. Check on each other when you leave and do not bring ticks into your home. [3]

Edit infection cases in this paragraph

Many villagers in Henan Mall died after being bitten by insects. The villagers were bitten by ticks. At first, they had a high fever that did not go away, and then their platelets and white blood cells dropped sharply. Eventually he died of multiple organ failure. In the summer of 2010, many people died after being bitten by a small insect called a tick in Shangcheng County, Henan Province, causing panic in the villagers. It is understood that there were deaths in the local area last year, but this year there are particularly many cases, making it a "heavy hit area" for ticks.

At present, the pathogen has not been isolated in China, and its transmission route is not clear. However, it is known from international research that the virus carried by ticks can infect human cells, causing a sharp decrease in human platelets and white blood cells, and is contagious. The reporter's investigation found that misdiagnoses have been made in grassroots hospitals in Shangcheng County since last year. Villagers reported that some hospital medical staff did not handle the disease in accordance with the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Law. During the investigation, the health departments of Xinyang City and Shangcheng County both stated that they were unable to provide specific numbers of suspected cases and the status of the epidemic. Local villagers believe that only by making information public can panic be quelled. Wu Dezheng was curled up on the bed. The 73-year-old traditional Chinese medicine doctor kept twitching. He stretched out his hand as if to grab something, and shouted intermittently: "Mom, I hurt..." He had a high fever, coughing up blood, vomiting and diarrhea, and the platelets and white blood cells in his body continued to decrease. After groaning for three or four days, multiple organ functions began to fail. On June 11, Wu Dezheng died, leaving behind a video of his struggling and calling taken by his son, and a pile of medical books. Before his death, Wu Dezheng was diagnosed with "fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome", which was caused by a tick bite. Poisonous insects appeared in Shangcheng County, Henan Province. Yang Fu, director of Nanchong Village in Fushan Township, told reporters that Shangcheng County is the hardest hit area by ticks. Hundreds of people have been bitten in the county, and many have died. How ticks enter the human body. Ticks commonly appear in mountainous areas where there are plants and animals. Not every tick may carry pathogens. The same kind of ticks are also found in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province in the Dabie Mountains. They are usually transferred to humans through animals or plants. Not all ticks may carry pathogens. They were often found on poultry and cattle when they were young. Ticks are often found at birth. It is very small and looks like a black spot of dust inside the fingernail. It is not easy to find. According to my personal understanding, this kind of tick is usually not easy to enter the human body. It comes into contact with the skin, sucks blood, and finally fills the body with blood and turns into a round shape, and then rolls to the ground. , this blood can be digested by ticks for at least several days. Through contact between animals and people, it is easy for ticks to enter the human body and suck blood. This has once appeared on students in Zaohe Village, Tiechong Township, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, in the Dabie Mountains. The body shape Small and difficult to detect, this tick can also live on plant leaves or necks and enter the human body through contact between human legs and plants. Usually after being sucked blood, the human body will develop red spots and itchiness. After a long time, the affected area will be scratched and infected. I also had this experience when I was a child. Dew is easy to appear in spring and autumn, and when it starts to get light in the morning. When walking on the road, your legs come into contact with plants. There are many such ticks densely packed on your legs. If a similar situation occurs, don’t worry. Just sit down in an open space and crush the ticks to death with your thumbnails. If you find that you are bitten, In order to check the affected area in time, remove the tick, buy penicillin and rub it on the affected area, it will usually be cured in a few weeks. [4] This summer, many people died after being bitten by a small insect called a tick in Shangcheng County, Henan Province, causing panic in the villagers. It is understood that there were deaths in the local area last year, but this year there are particularly many cases, making it a "heavy hit area" for ticks. How can a tiny tick kill someone? How to prevent and treat ticks after discovering them? Ticks Ticks belong to the order Acaridae and the superfamily Ticks. Adult ticks have a strongly chitinized scute on the back of the body and are commonly known as hard ticks and belong to the family Ixodidae; those without scutes are commonly known as soft ticks and belong to the family Soft ticks. There are more than 800 species discovered in the world, including more than 700 species of Ixodes, about 150 species of Soft Ticks, and 1 species of Nastriidae. About 100 species of hard ticks and 10 species of soft ticks have been recorded in my country. Ticks are temporary parasites on the body surfaces of many kinds of vertebrates and are the vectors and reservoirs of some human and animal diseases. Hazards 1. It is about the size of a small fingernail. If it falls on a person, it will burrow into the body until it reaches the brain. 2. When a tick bites a person, it will emit an anesthetic. When it buries its head in the skin to suck blood, it secretes a substances that can be harmful to the human body. If it penetrates into the human body, it must be removed in time. If it is not taken out in time: In mild cases, the patient will experience unbearable itching in rainy weather a few years later. In severe cases, persistent high fever, deep coma, convulsions, and forest encephalitis can occur. There were two cases of patients broadcast on TV. The first case was that the patient took it out on his own and left his head in the skin. After treatment, he was paralyzed and unable to stand on his own. Clinical characteristics of tick stings: 1. Cause: caused by the mouthparts of hard ticks or soft ticks piercing the skin 2. Rash characteristics: edematous papules or small nodules, redness, swelling, blisters or ecchymoses, with traces of insect bites in the center . Ticks can sometimes be found. 3. Subjective symptoms: itching or pain. Blood-sucking ticks

4. Tick paralysis: It is caused by neurotoxins in tick saliva and easily occurs in children. It manifests as acute ascending paralysis and can lead to death due to respiratory failure.

5. Tick bite fever: Symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting appear a few days after the tick sucks blood