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Anhui Province

Hefei City, the provincial capital, has 17 prefecture-level cities, 44 municipal districts, 5 county-level cities, and 56 counties.

The province is about 570 kilometers long from north to south and 450 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of ​​139,600 square kilometers, accounting for about 1.45% of China's land area.

Anhui is located in the mid-latitude zone. Under the comprehensive influence of solar radiation, atmospheric circulation and geographical environment, Anhui has a transitional climate from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone. In China's climate zoning, the climate north of the Huaihe River is a temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, and the south of the Huaihe River is a subtropical humid monsoon climate. The main climate characteristics are: obvious monsoon, four distinct seasons, mild climate, moderate rainfall, changeable spring temperature, crisp autumn air, significant plum rain, and concentrated summer rain. Overall, Anhui has superior climate conditions and rich climate resources. Abundant light, heat and water resources are conducive to the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. However, due to the transitional characteristics of the climate, cold and warm air masses from the north and the south frequently cross each other, the weather is changeable, and precipitation varies greatly from year to year. Natural disasters such as drought, floods, wind, freeze, frost, and hail often occur, which bring disadvantages to agricultural production. Influence.

1. The monsoon is obvious and the four seasons are distinct

Anhui Province has four distinct seasons, with distinct climates of "warm spring", "hot summer", "cool autumn" and "cold winter". If the four seasons are divided according to the climatic average temperature, winter is defined as climatic average temperature <10°C, summer is defined as >22°C, and spring and autumn are defined as between 10 and 22°C. Then the four seasons distribution in various parts of our province is roughly: 2 months each in spring and autumn, and 2 months each in summer and winter. 4 months, long in winter and summer, short in spring and autumn. Due to the obvious climate difference between the north and the south, winter is longer than summer in Huaibei, while summer is longer than winter in Jiangnan. The start dates of the seasons are from south to north in spring and summer, and from north to south in autumn and winter, with a difference of about 5-15 days. The difference is the largest in spring and the smallest in summer.

2. Mild climate and moderate rainfall

The average annual temperature in Anhui Province is between 14 and 17 degrees Celsius, which belongs to the mild climate type. The average temperature in January in winter is between -1~4℃, and in July the average temperature in summer is around 28~29℃. The annual range is less than 30℃ in various places, so the continental climate is not obvious. Except for a few years, the cold period and the hot period are generally short and short. The annual precipitation in the province ranges from 750 to 1,700 millimeters, with more precipitation in the south and less in the north, with more mountainous areas and less plains and hills. It is generally below 900 mm in Huaibei, and above 1,200 mm in the south of the Yangtze River, the western part of the Yangtze River, and the Dabie Mountains. The 1,000 mm isohyet line runs across the central part of the Jianghuai hills. Precipitation in mountainous areas generally increases with height. The average annual rainfall at Guangmingding in Huangshan reaches 2,300 mm. Judging from the national precipitation distribution map, the rainfall in our province is relatively moderate, which can meet the needs of crop growth and development in general years.

3. The temperature in spring is changeable, and the air is crisp in autumn.

April and May are the transition period between winter monsoon and summer monsoon. The north and south airflows compete with each other, advancing and retreating uncertainly, and the frontal belt moves north and south. , cyclone activities are frequent, and the weather and climate are unpredictable. Therefore, cold and warm, rainy and sunny are a major feature of the spring climate in our province. The temperature rise in spring is unstable and varies greatly between days. The spring temperature is lower than the autumn temperature, and the spring rain is more than the autumn rain. The precipitation in March, April and May accounts for about 20-38% of the annual precipitation, increasing from north to south. The rainy season comes early in the south of the Yangtze River, and the annual rainfall is concentrated in April, May, and June. The spring rains in the western part of the Yangtze River, Tunxi, and Qimen are even more than the summer rains. Low spring temperatures and heavy spring rains, especially long periods of low temperatures and continuous rain, are detrimental to the seedling growth of spring-sown crops such as early rice and cotton. In autumn, in addition to the frequent cold high pressure on the ground, there is still subtropical warm high pressure in the upper atmosphere. The atmospheric stratification is relatively stable, and autumn is high and crisp, with many sunny weather.

The precipitation from September to November in autumn only accounts for about 15-20% of the annual precipitation, and there is not much difference between the north and the south. Therefore, autumn drought and autumn drought often occur in various parts of Anhui Province. In a few years, when the summer monsoon retreats and the winter monsoon strengthens, the autumn wind and rain brought by cyclones and fronts are detrimental to the autumn harvest and planting.

4. The Meiyu period is significant and the summer rain is concentrated

The longest Meiyu period (1954) lasted 57 days, and the amount of Meiyu exceeded 1-2 times the precipitation in normal years. This occurred A once-in-a-century flood disaster. In years such as 1958, 1959, 1966, 1967, 1978 and 1994, the plum rains were short or empty, resulting in severe droughts and even severe droughts not seen in a century. It can be seen that the amount of plum rain is closely related to drought and flood disasters and agricultural production in Anhui Province.

Concentrated summer rain is one of the characteristics of the monsoon climate and is the result of the rain belt moving slowly from south to north. The concentration of summer rain in our province gradually increases from south to north, with rainfall in June, July and August accounting for approximately 33-60% of the annual precipitation.

Spring and summer rainfall along the Yangtze River and south of the Yangtze River are almost equal. Summer rain between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers accounts for 40-50%, and most areas in Huaibei account for more than 50%. Summer is the season when crops grow vigorously and require large amounts of water. Concentrated summer rains are beneficial to crop growth. However, if the rainfall is too concentrated and the rainfall is too heavy, it is prone to waterlogging, which is harmful to agricultural production and people's lives.

World Cultural and Natural Heritage - Huangshan

Huangshan Huangshan is located in the beautiful mountainous area of ​​southern Anhui. It is famous for its three wonders and four wonders (strange pines, strange rocks, sea of ​​clouds, and hot springs). ) is famous all over the world for its unique style. It is located on the mysterious 30th parallel north latitude along with the Egyptian Pyramids and the Bermuda Triangle. What Huangshan has is a masterpiece of nature, majestic and magnificent, majestic in its wonders, hidden in its wonders, beautiful in its wonders, and dangerous in its wonders.

Huangshan scenery combines the majesty of Taishan, the steepness of Huashan, the coolness of Emei, the waterfalls of Kuanglu, the clever rocks of Yandang, and the smoke and clouds of Hengshan. There are many strange peaks in the scenic area, including 36 large peaks and 36 small peaks. Among them, the three main peaks, Lianhua Peak, Tiandu Peak and Guangmingding Peak, are all above 1,800 meters above sea level. Xu Xiake, a great traveler in the Ming Dynasty, visited Huangshan Mountain for the second time and sighed: "There is no Huangshan Mountain like Huizhou inside and outside the sea. There is no mountain in the world to climb Huangshan Mountain, and the view stops." Huangshan wins by change. The unique granite peak forest, scattered peaks and valleys, Huangshan pines in various shapes, lifelike rocks, and unpredictable sea of ​​clouds form a huge picture of Huangshan's tranquility, movement, and movement. This scroll is magical, charming and spiritually eternal. The predecessors had a saying: There is no such truth, and you won’t believe it even if you say it; only when you get to this point will you know the true wonder.

Huangshan, located in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, spans Yi County, Xiuning County, Huangshan District and Huizhou District in the city, covering an area of ​​1,078 square kilometers. Huangshan is one of the three mountains among the five mountains. The natural landscape of Huangshan Scenic Area is beautiful. Strange pines, strange rocks, sea of ​​clouds, hot springs, and winter snow are known as the "Five Wonders" of Huangshan, which amaze tourists at home and abroad. The 82 peaks of Huangshan Mountain are either Cuiwei majestic or steep and beautiful. Their layout is patchwork and natural. It spreads out in three directions with the three main peaks Tiandu Peak, Lotus Peak and Guangmingding as the center. It falls into deep valleys and rises into peaks and mountains. cliff.

Huangshan Mountain has a long history. As far back as six or seven thousand years ago, that is, in the 51st century BC, in the late period of my country's matrilineal clan society, humans have been working and living in this beautiful and fertile mountainous area. During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, three to four thousand years ago, an ancestor named Shanyue lived here. Shanyue is a branch of Baiyue. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, this place first belonged to Wu. After the death of Wu, it belonged to Yue, and after the death of Yue, it belonged to Chu. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he implemented the system of prefectures and counties, and this was the territory of Kuaiji County. Xin'an County was established during the Southern Dynasties, and the county government was relocated but never left the upper reaches of the Xin'an River. Huizhou was called Xin'an in ancient times, and its origin stems from this. On May 24th, the third year of Xuanhe, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (AD 1121), Shezhou was changed to Huizhou by imperial edict. Regarding the origin of the name Huizhou, one theory is that there are Huiling, Huishui, Dahui Village, etc. in the territory, and the state is named after the place; another theory is that the Zhao and Song Dynasties took the meaning of "Hui people, beautiful and kind" to show off their Lost and found in this area. These two theories have coexisted for more than 800 years, and the name of the state has been used by all dynasties to this day. When the province was established in the sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1667), the first characters of Anqing and Huizhou were taken as the name of the province.

Famous Buddhist Mountain--Jiuhua Mountain

One of the four famous Buddhist mountains-Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui Province. Jiuhua Mountain is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. Key scenic spots. It is one of the three major mountain systems (Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, and Tianmu Mountain) in southern Anhui. Located in the southeast of Chizhou City, Anhui Province, facing Tianzhu Mountain across the Yangtze River to the northwest, and across Taiping Lake and Huangshan Mountain to the southeast, it is the northern mainstay of Anhui's "Two Mountains and One Lake" (Huangshan, Jiuhua Mountain, Taiping Lake) golden tourist area. Entrance and main scenic area. The scenic area covers an area of ​​120 square kilometers and the protection scope is 174 square kilometers. The geographical coordinates of Jiuhua Street, the central location, are 117° east longitude and 30° north latitude. It is now a national AAAAA-level tourist area and a national civilized scenic tourist area demonstration site, and is known as an international Buddhist temple.

The main body of Jiuhua Mountain is composed of granite, dominated by peaks, basins, canyons, and streams and springs intertwined among them. Jiuhua Mountain has more than 70 famous peaks, more than 30 peaks above 1,000 meters, and the highest Shiwang Peak is 1,342 meters above sea level. When Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty visited the mountain, he praised: "The sight of the strange peaks is astonishing" and "it is a beauty created by nature". The mountains are dotted with deep ravines, gorges, deep pools, flowing springs and waterfalls, creating a myriad of phenomena. "A painting by Wang Wei on the riverside, and a thousand-year-old poem by Li Bai written on stone." Jiuhua Mountain is a fresh and natural landscape painting. There are sceneries everywhere, and the sceneries change with each step. In the Qing Dynasty, there were "Ten Scenic Spots of Jiuhua". After opening to the outside world, eight new scenic spots and more than 100 new attractions were opened. New and old scenic spots complement each other, and the natural beauty and cultural landscape are integrated with each other. In addition, the four distinct seasons and celestial phenomena such as sunrise, sunset, sea of ​​clouds, rime, snow, and Buddha's light are so beautiful that you will never forget to leave. It is known as "the first mountain in the southeast" and "the first mountain in the south of the Yangtze River".

Tianzhu Mountain

Tianzhu Mountain in Anhui Province has been a famous historical and cultural mountain in China since ancient times. In 106 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che climbed Tianzhu Mountain and named it "Nanyue". Taoism lists it as the 14th cave and the 57th blessed place; Sanzu Temple is one of the birthplaces of Zen Buddhism. Legend has it that the third ancestor of Buddhism, Master Sencan, once promoted Buddhism here. There is a Pagoda of Awakening Silence in the temple, but it has been in disrepair for a long time. It is now closed to tourists. Tianzhu Mountain is also known as Wan Mountain, from which the abbreviation "Wan" in Anhui Province comes. The poem by Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, "One peak of Tianzhu holds up the sun and moon, and the cave door is thousands of feet high, locking the clouds and thunder." This is a wonderful description of the majestic scene of Tianzhu Mountain.

Tianzhu Mountain is a granite peak cluster landform with rich geological relics. It is an important part of the world-famous Dabie Mountains ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt. It also has the first batch of national key scenic spots, a national AAAA tourist area, and a national civilized area. Forest Park, China's top ten famous mountains and other titles. In September 2005, after expert review, the Ministry of Land and Resources approved Tianzhu Mountain as a national geological park, covering an area of ​​135.12 square kilometers.

World Cultural Heritage - Xidi Hongcun

Hongcun is located in the northwest corner of Yixian County, Anhui Province, 65 kilometers away from Tunxi and 11 kilometers away from Yixian County. The village was built in the Northern Song Dynasty and has a history of nearly a thousand years. It was originally a place where the Wang surname lived.

The people of Guhongcun pioneered the idea of ​​"bionics" and planned and built a cow-shaped village and artificial water system that are "unique in China". Looking at the whole village, it looks like a big buffalo with its head held high and its hooves high. It has become "one of the great wonders in the history of architecture" today. There are more than 140 well-preserved ancient dwellings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the village. The "Chengzhitang" of the National Palace Museum is magnificent and can be said to be the best ancient residential house in southern Anhui. The rows of stacked courtyards in the village complement each other with the beautiful lakes and mountains. The movement and quietness are harmonious, and the atmosphere is ethereal. There are scenery everywhere, and you can step into the picture step by step. From the natural environment outside the village to the water system, streets, buildings and even the indoor layout in the village, the original state of the ancient village is completely preserved, without any sign of modern civilization. Hongcun, with its unique shape and wonderful pastoral scenery, is known as "the countryside in Chinese paintings".

Fengyang Ming Emperor Mausoleum

After Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he established Nanjing as the capital, with Linhao (today's Fengyang) as the central capital. Zhongdu was built in the second year of Hongwu (1369 AD) and was discontinued in the eighth year of Hongwu (1375 AD). Due to the short time of construction and use, it did not form a political center, but it has some layout ideas in urban planning. , including the layout of the palaces in the city, influenced the planning of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Emperor’s Mausoleum is located 7 kilometers southwest of Zhongdu City. The remains of Zhu Yuanzhang’s parents, brother, sister-in-law, and nephew are buried in the mausoleum. Zhu Yuanzhang was born into a poor family. In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1344), his parents, brother and sister-in-law died one after another. Zhu Yuanzhang was only more than 10 years old and was unable to hold a grand funeral. He only used the ceremony of "covering his body with bad clothes and three feet of floating clothes" to bury his relatives. More than 20 years later, Zhu Yuanzhang was granted the title of King of Wu and ordered his old minister Wang Wen and others to go to Haozhou to repair his parents' tomb. In the second year of Hongwu's reign, he issued an edict to build the central capital in his hometown. At the same time, he ordered that the land of the old mausoleum be built with soil and sealed. In the eighth year of Hongwu's reign, the construction of Zhongdu was stopped, and the remaining materials from Zhongdu were used to build the tomb of his parents again. By the twelfth year of Hongwu, the overall layout of the imperial mausoleum took a basic form, with a city wall outside and a sanctuary and sacrificial facilities inside; a tall imperial mausoleum stele and pairs of stone statues were erected in front of the mausoleum.

The Central Capital of the Ming Dynasty

In September of the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict to make his hometown Linhao the central capital. Nearly a million people including famous talents and craftsmen from all over the country, sergeants, civilians, and criminals were gathered together. After six years of construction, in April of the eighth year of Hongwu, the construction was suddenly stopped on the grounds of "labor expenses". However, at this time, a magnificent and luxurious capital city was already standing on the land of Fengyang.

Zhongdu has three cities: inner, middle and outer. Outside is Zhongdu City, with a circumference of more than 60 miles and 9 gates. In the middle is the forbidden wall, with a circumference of more than 15 miles and four gates, namely Wumen, Donghua, Xihua and Xuanwumen. The city has the main hall, the Wenhua and Yingwu halls, the Wen and Wu second floors, the East, West and Back palaces, Jinshui River, Jinshui Bridge, etc. Just outside the South Meridian Gate, on the left are Zhongshu Province and Taimiao Temple, and on the right are the Governor's Office, Yushitai and Dasheji. Inside and outside Zhongdu City, there are also the City God's Temple, the Imperial Academy, the Huitong Hall, the Temple of the Emperors of the Past Dynasties, the Temple of Meritorious Officials, the Star Observation Tower, the Million Granary, the Soldiers' Barracks, the Duke's Residence, the Bell Tower, and the Drum Tower, etc. "Zhongdu Zhi" said that "the prosperity of regulations is the best in the world."

Over the past six hundred years, all the buildings inside and outside Zhongdu City have been destroyed. Only the Meridian Gate of the Imperial City, the Xihua Gate Platform and the 1,100-meter-long city wall remain. However, looking at its old sites and relics, you can still see the majestic Spectacular.

Longxing Temple

Located under the Rijing Peak of Fenghuang Mountain in the north of Fengyang City, it was built in the 16th year of Hongwu (1383 AD) and is a royal temple building of the Ming Dynasty. Its predecessor was the Yuhuang Temple where Zhu Yuanzhang became a monk and worshiped Buddha. Because the temple was the birthplace of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, it has a connection with the entire Zhu Ming Dynasty and has been one of the famous temples in China for hundreds of years. In 1981, it was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit

Woniu Lake

Woniu Lake Scenic Area is 20 kilometers away from Fengyang County, Anhui Province. It is dependent on the Chanku Temple Scenic Area in the south and Jiao Lake in the west. The cave scenic spots are connected, with a total area of ​​29 square kilometers. It is a scenic spot with undulating mountains, open lakes, winding coastlines and gentle mud beaches as its tourist content.

Woniu Lake, also known as Fengyangshan Reservoir, is named after the hill beside the lake resembles Woniu. It is 8 kilometers long from east to west, 1.5-2 kilometers wide from north to south, and has a water surface area of ​​11 square kilometers. The water body is deep, the water surface is wide, the vast expanse of blue waves, quiet and peaceful, no dust pollution, no noise and disturbance. The lake is full of yachts and dotted with fishing sails; the mountains and water around the lake complement each other beautifully; the bamboo island in the lake attracts hundreds of birds to perch, forming a bird's paradise. Take a look at it, you will see lush bamboo trees and hundreds of birds jumping and singing. It is a rare green island in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. Woniu Mountain faces water on three sides and stands beside the lake. The mountain has rugged rocks and green trees. You can enjoy a panoramic view of the lake by climbing the mountain. Every evening, the sky is filled with rays of rays, and the mountains in the distance are like mist. These are the haze of the twin peaks in the lake.

Woniu Lake Scenic Area is now an important part of Fengyang Mountain Scenic Area, a scenic spot in Anhui Province. It is also one of the main scenic spots in Jiushan National Forest Park. A cruise ship dock has been built, yachts have been purchased, and water recreation has been carried out. Woniu Lake is gradually becoming a water recreation center in the Jianghuai area.

Food Culture

Anhui flavor includes the characteristics of dishes in southern Anhui, along the Yangtze River and along the Huaihe River. Wannan dishes are the main representatives of Anhui flavor. It includes Huangshan, She County (ancient Huizhou), Tunxi and other places. Southern Anhui cuisine emphasizes fire skills. It is famous for being good at cooking delicacies from the mountains and seas. It is thick and oily, simple and affordable, and maintains its original taste. Many dishes are stewed and simmered over charcoal over low heat. The soup is clear and mellow, and the aroma is overflowing when served in the original pot.

Although there are not many aquatic products in southern Anhui, the pickled "stinky mandarin fish" is very famous, and later spread to the Hefei area. It cooks fresh river poultry, pays attention to knife skills, pays attention to color and shape, makes good use of sugar for seasoning, and uses smoked dishes to make its dishes unique. The cuisine along the Huaihe River includes the flavors of Bengbu, Suzhou, Fuyang and other places. The dishes are salty and spicy, the soup is rich in flavor and color, and coriander is often used as a seasoning and color combination.

Anhui’s famous flavor dishes include: Xiaoxian mutton, Wuwei salted duck, Maofeng smoked anchovy, Fuliji roast chicken, stewed chicken with stone fungus, cured fish, curry clam meat, cloud meat, and shepherd’s purse dumplings , Geng Fuxing Crispy Shaobing, Mung Bean Pancake, Butterfly Noodles, Taihe Ban Mian, Fuyang Gratiao, Dingyuan Braised Old Goose, etc.

Anhui Famous Brands

Chery, Conch, Maanshan Iron and Steel, Jianghuai, Tongling Nonferrous Metals, Guofeng, Liuguo, Fengyuan, Huamao, Meiling, Gujinggong, Golden Seed, Heli, Yingjia, Yangtze River Machinery, Hebaida, Huangshan, Kouzi, etc.

Anhui Huangmei Opera

One of the local opera types in Anhui and one of the five major opera types in the country. It has developed maturely by absorbing folk tea songs, fishing songs, woodcutter songs and other coloratura minor tunes, and has a light and beautiful melody. Representative plays include "The Fairy Match". It is named after the main tune originated from Huangmei County, Hubei Province. Also called "Huangmei Diao".

In terms of repertoire, Huangmei Opera is known as "Thirty-six major plays and seventy-two discounts on small plays." The drama mainly expresses the people's dissatisfaction with class oppression and the disparity between rich and poor and their yearning for a free and better life. Such as "The Story of Buckwheat", "Calling the Grain Official", "The Match of the Immortals", etc. Most of the short plays show fragments of the lives of rural workers, such as "Pointing Barley", "Spinning Cotton Yarn", and "Selling Dou Baskets".

After liberation, he successively compiled and adapted a number of large and small novels such as "The Fairy's Match", "The Consort", "The Legend of Luo Pa", "Zhao Guiying", "Mother's Tears", and "Sansou Guozhan's Mansion". Traditional dramas include the mythological drama "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", the historical drama "Beheading without Punishment", "Spring in the Jade Hall", and the modern dramas "Spring Warmth and Flowers Blooming", "Spring Morning in a Small Shop" and "The First Blooming Buds". Among them, "The Fairy's Match", "The Consort", "Yu Tangchun" and "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl" have been put on the screen one after another and have had a great impact at home and abroad.

There are three forms of singing in Huangmei Opera: main tune, color tune, and three tunes (the collective name for the three tunes: "Caiqiang", "Xianqiang" and "Yinsi tune").