Phenological characteristics and agricultural activities of mango seeds

Crops with awns, such as awn seed wheat, mature and summer sowing begins. It is the ninth solar term among the twenty-four solar terms, and it is the awn species around June 5 every year. The sun reaches 75 degrees on the yellow meridian. "Twenty-four solar terms": "The May Festival means that there are awn crops in the valley". It means that the seeds of crops with awns, such as barley and wheat, are ripe and it is very urgent to grab the harvest. Summer sowing crops such as late rice, millet and millet are also the busiest season for sowing, so they are also called "awn seeds". Spring competes for the sun, and summer competes for time. "Race against time" refers to the busy farming season at this time. It is often said that "three summers" is a busy farming season, that is, summer management is busy with summer harvest, summer sowing and spring sowing crops. Therefore, "busy", also known as "busy planting", is the busiest time for farmers to sow and go to the fields. In ancient China, mango seeds were divided into three stages: "One stage was when mantis was born; Second, wait for Peng to start singing; The third-class tongue is silent. " In this solar term, the eggs laid by mantis in late autumn last year, because they felt the birth of Yin Qi, broke their shells and gave birth to little mantis; Shady shrike birds began to appear in the branches and sing in the shade; On the contrary, mockingbirds, who can learn from the songs of other birds, stop singing because they feel the appearance of Yin Qi. The awn seed is a symbol of the maturity of awned crops such as wheat and a solar term reflecting agricultural phenology. By the time of the awning, the wheat harvest season in Sichuan Basin has passed, and the transplanting of mid-season rice and sweet potato is coming to an end. In most areas, the mid-season rice has entered the green stage, and the seedlings are green and full of vitality. The poem "The east wind dyed 3,000 hectares, and the herons kept coming and going" vividly described the beautiful scenery of the field at this time. In the awning season, the medium rice that has not been transplanted in the basin should be planted quickly; If it is postponed again, the vegetative growth period of rice will be shortened due to the increase of temperature, and the growth period will be easily affected by drought and diseases and insect pests, and the yield will inevitably be low. Osmunda japonica should be transplanted before summer at the latest; If sowing is too late, not only the drought will worsen, but also the temperature will drop in Qiu Lai, which is not conducive to the expansion of potato chips and the yield will be significantly reduced. This is the truth of the agricultural proverb "busy planting". The word "awn" of awn seed refers to the harvest of awned plants such as wheat, and the word "species" of awn seed refers to the season of sowing millet crops. The homonym of "awn seed" means that all crops are "busy sowing". "Twenty-four solar terms" said: "The May Festival means that there are awn crops in the valley." Every year around June 6th, the Gregorian calendar, the sun starts when it reaches 75 degrees. At this time, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China entered the Huangmei season. Meiyu is characterized by rainy days, heavy rainfall, high temperature, less sunshine and sometimes low temperature. The annual rainfall in rainy season in eastern China is about 1/3 (1/2 in some years). Meiyu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally appears after June. At this time, rice, cotton and other crops are growing vigorously and need more water. The reason for the formation of Meiyu is that after the end of winter, the intensity of cold air weakens and retreats northward, and the warm air in the south pushes northward accordingly, extending to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, at this time, the cold air in the north still has considerable power, so the cold and warm air in the Jianghuai basin dominate each other, forming a quasi-static front, resulting in rainy weather. After a period of time, the warm air finally defeated the cold air and occupied the Jianghuai Basin. When the rainy weather ended, the center of rain belt moved to Huanghuai basin. At this time, the Jianghuai basin is competing for seeds. Meiyu is very beneficial to crops. In the east and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, if the plum rains are too little or too late, crops will suffer from drought. Mango is a very busy solar term. Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia are "busy planting seeds and breeding them in the summer to the valley of the sun". Guangdong is "awn seed sowing, summer heavy (heavy refers to transplanted plants)". Jiangxi is "you can't plant seedlings in the first three days, and you can't plant seedlings in the last three days." Guizhou is "it is useless to plant awns if you don't plant them." Fujian is "awning edge, good for indica rice, over awning, good for glutinous rice". Jiangsu is "the mango is a treasure, and the summer solstice is grass" and Shanxi is "mango, mango, everything". "The seeds of awn and millet are planted in the valley urgently". Sichuan and Shaanxi are "busy farmers in front of the tent and busy planting beans behind the tent". As can be seen from the above farming, China is busy planting crops from south to north through the ear planting festival, and the busy farming season has reached a climax. "The wheat planted in April comes first and the wheat planted in May comes last", which means that the wheat in North China is mature in April and immature in May. Why? This is the same as "peach blossoms bloom in February and don't bloom in March", which is caused by the lunar calendar algorithm. According to the lunar calendar, a year is actually 354 or 355 days. This is10-1day less than the number of days the earth goes around the sun, so it needs to leap every three years (sometimes every two years) to make up for the shortage of days. In leap months, the solar term is either advanced or postponed, so sometimes it is in April and sometimes in May. Farmers in China are well aware that crops are sown in early April due to early spring and early solar terms. Planting crops before awning and after the solar term in June is a scientific planting method of "dead solar term living method" Millet is a gramineous plant with the shortest growth period. Early-maturing varieties can mature in 80 days, even late-maturing varieties can mature in less than 100 days. This is the last crop planted in autumn. Therefore, when there is no rain in North China and other crops miss the solar term, they can make up for it and get a good harvest. Under normal circumstances, when millet is sown, the seeds can also mature, but the growth period of millet is longer than that of millet, which may suffer from freezing injury, so it is said that "millet seeds are in a hurry". The effective flowering period of cotton is in the middle of September in the Yangtze River valley, which means that it usually takes 50-70 days for cotton to bloom and mature before frost appears, and it will appear around the middle of 165438+ 10. Therefore, in order to make cotton bolls mature before frost and ensure high quality and high yield, it is necessary to strengthen seedling management to shorten the long seedling stage, sprout early and bloom early. This requires early seedling inspection and replanting, early intertillage and weeding, early seedling establishment, early pest control and early topdressing. The main agricultural activities in each representative area of Mangzi are described as follows: Northeast area: winter and spring wheat irrigation and topdressing column. After transplanting. Millet, corn, sorghum, cotton seedlings. Soybean and sweet potato finished the first shovel. Sorghum, millet and corn were shoveled twice. Cotton threshing, rice weeding, topdressing preparation, pest control, hail suppression. North China: Generally, wheat fields begin to harvest. Summer harvest and summer sowing are carried out simultaneously. Strengthen cotton field management, control aphids, water and topdressing. Northwest China: Winter wheat control pests and diseases. Water, intertillage, weed and topdressing spring corn. Millet cultivation and weeding, thinning seedlings, millet sowing, seedling inspection and seedling supplement. In southwest China, spring crops should be planted and transplanted in time. Harvest summer crops on sunny days. There is harvest, cultivation and sowing. Central China: grab and harvest wheat, select seeds and keep them. Rush to plant summer corn, summer sorghum, summer soybean, sesame and so on. Topdressing mid-season rice, combined with ploughing and drainage, baked the field at the end of tree growth. Strengthen the management of single-season late rice and carefully remove impurities. In the northern region, single-season late rice was planted between wheat stubble rice and Jianghuai. Seedling raising of double-cropping late rice. Control pests and diseases in rice fields. Soil tillage and weeding in woodland. South China: Top dressing for early rice and top dressing for middle rice. Sow late rice, harvest early corn, harvest early soybeans and sow late soybeans. Planting sugarcane in spring and winter, cultivating ratoon sugarcane in the middle and topdressing, and cultivating soil in a small area to prevent aphids. Mango: one of the 24 solar terms. It starts every year around June 6th when the sun reaches 75. "Tongwei Filial Piety Helps the Gods": "On the fifteenth day after the full moon, the bucket refers to C, which is a kind of mango, May Festival. It is said that there is a mountain valley where seeds can be planted. " The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China will enter the rainy Huangmei season. See /view/25774.htm for details? Fr=ala0_ 1, thanks for watching.

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