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Purpose of solar terms survey

1, Dragon Boat Race

Dragon boat race is the main custom of Dragon Boat Festival. According to legend, people who originated in the ancient State of Chu were reluctant to part with the death of the sage Qu Yuan, and many people rowed boats to save people. They rushed to catch up with each other and disappeared at Dongting Lake. After that, I will row a dragon boat on May 5th every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body. The habit of competition prevailed in wuyue and Chu. A survey was conducted among 1000 middle school students in a certain place before the festival. As a result, 90% of the students only answered eating zongzi and rowing dragon boats, which actually reflects a sign that our national traditional festivals are marginalized and superficial to some extent. Now, it is suggested that we should declare the world intangible cultural heritage for the Dragon Boat Festival. Then, can such an application for world intangible cultural heritage enhance the vitality and influence of our traditional festival now? Today, we specially invited Zhang Jiangang, deputy director of the Cultural Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, to welcome you. Director Zhang, let's take a look at the progress of applying for the Dragon Boat Festival.

How did you spend this Dragon Boat Festival?

1 Eat zongzi

2 drink realgar wine

3 Dragon Boat Race

4 insert mugwort leaves and hang calamus.

Sacrifice Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu.

6 learned the knowledge related to festivals.

7 travel

8 did nothing.

What do you think is the significance of Dragon Boat Festival?

1 reuniting with family

2 Understand folk knowledge

3 Review the national spirit

4 Inheriting history and culture

5 is meaningless.

Do you think it is necessary for us to apply for the Dragon Boat Festival?

1 is required. It is necessary to define the identity of traditional festivals.

No need. The application for World Heritage is just a formality, and how to treat and understand this festival is more important.

I don't know.

2. Eat zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival is another traditional custom of China people.

3. Wear sachets

Children wear sachets on the Dragon Boat Festival, which is said to mean to ward off evil spirits and plague. Actually, it is used to decorate the inner head.

Step 4 hang calamus

There is a folk proverb that says, "Willows are inserted in Qingming Festival, and Ai is inserted in Dragon Boat Festival". On the Dragon Boat Festival, people regard inserting wormwood and calamus as one of the important contents. Every family sweeps the court, puts calamus and moxa sticks between their eyebrows and hangs them in the class. Acorus calamus, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Liu Hua, Garlic and Dragon Boat Flower are made into human or tiger shapes, which are called Ai Ren and Ai Hu. It is made into garlands and decorations, beautiful and fragrant, and women compete to wear it to ward off evil spirits. The fifth day of the fifth lunar month, commonly known as "Dragon Boat Festival". Ending means "beginning" and "beginning". The fifth day can be called Dragon Boat Festival. In the lunar calendar, the earthly branch marks the moon, the shade is built in the first month, February is the base, and May is noon in turn, so May is called noon month, and "five" is connected with "noon", and "five" is also the yang number, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival, Worship for Wu, Duanyang and Zhongtian. According to historical records, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" first appeared in the local custom of Jin people and Zhou Dynasty: "Dragon Boat Festival in midsummer, cooking millet." Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The necessary activities of this day gradually evolved into: eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus and mugwort leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, wormwood leaves, smoked atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, drinking realgar wine is said to suppress evil spirits. Although the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every year, its origin is not very clear. To sum up, there are roughly the following statements.

First, in memory of Qu Yuan. This theory originated from the records of Wu Jun's "The Peace of Continuation of Qi" in the Southern Liang Dynasty and "The Time of Jingchu" in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of May. Trapped by dragons after death, the world mourned. He throws five-color silk zongzi into the water every day to repel mosquitoes. It is also said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, the local people immediately rowed for rescue, and all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan's body was not found. It was raining at that time, and the boats on the lake gathered at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that it was to salvage the sage Dr. Qu, they went out in the rain and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to mourn, people rowed on rivers, and later it gradually developed into a dragon boat race. Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival seems to be related to commemorating Qu Yuan, as evidenced by Wen Xiu's poem "Dragon Boat Festival" in the Tang Dynasty: "The festival is divided into Dragon Boat Festival, and it is rumored that it is Qu Yuan. It is ridiculous that the Chu River is empty and cannot be washed directly. "

Second, Ying Tao said. This sentence comes from Cao E tablet in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, after the death of Wu Zixu, a loyal minister of the State of Wu, he became Shen Tao, and the world mourned and sacrificed, so there was the Dragon Boat Festival.

Third, the Dragon Boat Festival said. This statement comes from Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival Examination and Dragon Boat Festival History Education. He believed that the fifth day of May was the day when the "Dragon" tribe in ancient wuyue held totem sacrifices. The main reason is: (1) Eating zongzi and dragon boat racing are the two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, both of which are related to dragons. Zongzi thrown into the water is often stolen by mosquitoes and dragons, and dragon boat races. (2) The relationship between race crossing and ancient wuyue is particularly deep. Besides, Wuyue people have the custom of tattooing constantly to look like a dragon. (3) The ancient folk custom of "tying the arm with colored silk" on the fifth day of May should be a relic of the tattoo custom of "Like a dragon".

Fourth, the theory of evil day. In the pre-Qin period, it was generally believed that May was a poisonous month and the fifth was an evil day. Midsummer in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals stipulates that people should abstain from sex and fast in May. "Xia Zheng Xiao" records: "Store medicine this day to get rid of poisonous gas." It is recorded in "Da Dai Li" that "the livestock orchid takes a bath on May 5", and there are many legends that the fifth day is the taboo day for bathing to exorcise evil spirits. The famous Meng Changjun in Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun was born on May 5th. His father asked his mother not to have him, thinking that "a child born in May is longer than a family, which is not good for parents." "Custom Pass" was lost. "It is said that on May 5th, a child was born, and the male harmed his father and the female harmed his mother". Wang Chong, the author of Lun Heng, also described: "The first month and May are taboos; Kill your father and your mother in May of the first month. " Wang Zhene, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of May. His grandfather named him "Zhen Xie". Evonne and Song Huizong were born on the fifth day of May, and were fostered outside the palace since childhood. It can be seen that it is a common phenomenon to regard the fifth day of May as an evil day in ancient times. It can be seen that this day has been an unlucky day since the pre-Qin period. In this way, it is logical to insert calamus and mugwort leaves to exorcise ghosts, smoke atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica and drink realgar wine to avoid the epidemic on this day. Introduction to Dragon Boat Festival: The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a traditional folk festival in China.

There are many opinions about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: in memory of Qu Yuan; In memory of Wu Zixu

Say; In memory of Cao E; From the three generations of summer solstice festival; The theory of exorcising evil spirits on the moon and evil days, the totem sacrifice of wuyue people

Say wait. Each of the above has its own source. According to scholar Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival test and paragraph

100 Many ancient books and expert archaeological studies listed the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival in the afternoon history education.

It is a festival of totem sacrifice held by Wuyue people in southern China in ancient times, earlier than Qu Yuan. But for thousands of years,

Over the years, Qu Yuan's patriotic spirit and touching poems have been deeply rooted in people's hearts, so people "remember and mourn".

Therefore, in commemorating Qu Yuan, it has the widest and deepest influence, accounting for.

According to the mainstream position. In the field of folk culture, people in China compete in the Dragon Boat Festival and eat zongzi.

And so on, all linked with Qu Yuan's memory.

Dragon boat race:

Dragon boat race is the main custom of Dragon Boat Festival. According to legend, people who originated in ancient Chu are reluctant to be virtuous.

Quyuan, the minister, died in the river, and many people rowed after him to save him. They are scrambling to catch up with Dongting Lake.

No sign. After that, I will row a dragon boat on May 5th every year to commemorate it. Rowing dragon boats to disperse the river.

Fish, lest the fish eat Qu Yuan's body. The habit of competition prevailed in wuyue and Chu.

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival:

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival is another traditional custom of China people. Zongzi, also called "dumplings"

Xiaomi ","jiaozi ". It has a long history and various patterns.

Pei Xiang Bao:

Children wear sachets on the Dragon Boat Festival, which is said to mean to ward off evil spirits and plague. Actually, it is used to decorate the inner head.

Decoration. The sachet contains cinnabar, realgar and fragrant medicine, which is wrapped in silk cloth and fragrant, and then wrapped in colored silk.

The strings are tied into a rope and made into various shapes to form a string, which is exquisite and lovely.

Acorus calamus:

There is a folk proverb that says, "Willows are inserted in Qingming Festival and Ai is inserted in Dragon Boat Festival". On the Dragon Boat Festival, people put mugwort leaves and calamus.

As one of the important contents. Every family sweeps the court, puts calamus and moxa sticks between their eyebrows and hangs them in the class.

Medium. Acorus calamus, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Liu Hua, garlic, dragon boat flower, etc. are made into human form or tiger shape, which is called Ai.

People, Ai Hu; It is made into garlands and decorations, beautiful and fragrant, and women compete to wear it to ward off evil spirits. Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, also known as Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival, May Festival, May Festival, Ai Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Noon Festival, Noon Festival and Summer Festival. It was originally a festival to drive away the plague in summer. Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The essential activities of this day gradually evolved into eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus, wormwood and wormwood leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, wormwood leaves, smoked atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, drinking realgar wine is said to ward off evil spirits. "China Dragon Boat Festival" is one of the national legal holidays and is listed in the world intangible cultural heritage list. A large number of literary works such as poems, words, songs and fu have been handed down from generation to generation. Respondent: 300695300695 | Level 2 | 201-3-1519: 54.

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival, Ai Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chongwu Festival, Noon Festival and Summer Festival. Although the names are different, the customs of people everywhere are the same. Dragon Boat Festival is an old custom in China for more than two thousand years. On this day, every household hangs clocks and statues, hangs mugwort leaves and calamus, races dragon boats, eats zongzi, sings realgar wine, swims all diseases, matches sachets and prepares sacrifices.

The first significance of the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qu Yuan, a great national poet in history. Qu Yuan, Ming Ping, was a native of Chu in the Warring States Period. Born in the seventh day of the first lunar month in Wu Wang, Chu Wei, or twenty-seven years, he died in the ninth year of King Xiang of Chu.

The second meaning of Dragon Boat Festival is the anniversary of Wu Zixu's death. Wu Zixu, a famous Chu national, and his father and brother were all killed by the King of Chu. Later, Zixu abandoned the dark and went to Wu to help Wu to attack Chu, and entered the capital city of Chu in the Five Wars. At that time, King Chu Ping was already dead. Zixu dug a grave and whipped 300 bodies to avenge his father's murder. After the death of He Lu, the king of Wu, his son Fu Cha succeeded to the throne. Wu Jun's morale was high and he was defeated by Yue. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, made peace, and Fu Cha agreed. Zi Xu suggested the complete elimination of Yue, but Fu Cha didn't listen. Wu was massacred and bought by the state of Yue. He was framed by slanderers. Fu Cha believed him and gave him a sword. Zi Xu died. Zixu, a loyal minister, feels like death. Before he died, he said to his neighbor, "After I die, I will gouge out my eyes and hang them on the east gate of Jason Wu, watching the Vietnamese army enter the city to destroy Wu." Hearing this, Fu Cha was so angry that he took the body of Zixu away, wrapped it in leather and threw it into the river on May 5th. Therefore, it is said that the Dragon Boat Festival is also a day to commemorate Wu Zixu.

The third significance of the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Cao E, the filial daughter of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who saved her drowning father. Cao E was a native of Shangyu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Her father drowned in the river and didn't see her body for several days. At that time, Cao E, the filial daughter, was only fourteen years old, crying day and night by the river. 17 days later, he also threw himself into the river on May 5th and 5th.

After holding out his father's body. This was handed down as a myth, and later passed to the governor of the county government, and a preface was made for it. His disciple Han Danchun wrote a poem to praise it. The tomb of the filial daughter is in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province today, and there is a monument made by Jin. To commemorate Cao E's filial piety, later generations built Cao E Temple where Cao E threw himself into the river. The village where she lived was renamed Cao E Town, and the place where Cao E died was named Cao E River.

The fourth significance of the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qiu Jin, a modern revolutionary poetess. Qiu Jin was martyred on June 5th. Later generations admired his poems and mourned his heroic deeds. It was held to commemorate the Poets' Day, and the Poets' Day was designated as the Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qiu Jin was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. When she was young, she was good at poetry and lyrics, and she liked riding and fencing. She is called Mulan and Qin Liangyu. Joining the revolution at the age of 28 had a great influence. He planned an uprising and was arrested by the Qing army at the meeting. On June 5, Guangxu died heroically in Xuanhengkou, Shaoxing.

Wall clock: Zhong Kui catches ghosts, which is the custom of Dragon Boat Festival. In the Jianghuai area, bells and statues are hung in every household to ward off evil spirits. Emperor Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty returned to the palace after giving a lecture in Lishan, and malaria was rampant. He dreamed that two ghosts, one big and one small, were running around the temple wearing red crotch pants and stealing Yang Guifei's sachet and the jade emperor of the Ming Dynasty. GREAT GHOST, wearing a blue robe and a blue hat, caught the child, gouged out his eyes and swallowed it in one gulp. bright

When the emperor asked, GREAT GHOST said: My surname is Zhong Kui, that is to say, I am a martial artist. I am willing to exorcise evil spirits for your majesty. When the emperor wakes up, malaria will be cured. So I asked Wu Daozi, a painter, to draw a portrait of Zhong Kui catching ghosts according to what I saw in my dream, and ordered the world to post it on the Dragon Boat Festival to exorcise evil spirits.

Gua calamus: On the Dragon Boat Festival, every household uses calamus, mugwort, Liu Hua, garlic and dragon boat flowers to make human figures, which are called "lovers". In the hall, mugwort leaves are hung, cut into tiger shapes or tiger shapes, and affixed with mugwort leaves. Women compete to wear them to ward off evil spirits. Using calamus as a sword and inserting it on the lintel has the magical effect of exorcising ghosts and removing expensive things.

Dragon Boat Race: At that time, Chu people were reluctant to part with the death of the sage Qu Yuan, so many people rowed and chased to save people. They rushed to catch up, but when they arrived at Dongting Lake, there was no trace, because that was the origin of dragon boat racing, and then they rowed dragon boats on May 5 every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body. The habit of competition prevails in wuyue. Dragon Boat Race started in Taiwan Province Province in the 29th year of Qing Qianlong. At that time, Jiang, the chief executive of Taiwan Province Province, held a friendly match in Hexi Half Moon Pool in Tainan City. Now, Taiwan Province Province holds a dragon boat race on May 5th every year. There are boat races in Hong Kong. Recently, the British have followed China's example and organized ghost teams and held competitions.

Eating zongzi: People in Jingchu boiled glutinous rice or steamed zongzi cakes and threw them into the river to offer sacrifices to Qu Yuan on May 5, so they threw glutinous rice in bamboo tubes for fear of fish eating, and gradually replaced bamboo tubes with rice wrapped in zongzi leaves.

Drinking realgar wine: This custom is very popular among people in the Yangtze River valley.

Wandering about all diseases: This custom prevails in the Dragon Boat Festival in Guizhou.

Wearing sachets: Children wear sachets during the Dragon Boat Festival, which not only means to ward off evil spirits and drive away epidemics, but also has decorative styles on the front. The sachet contains cinnabar, realgar and fragrant medicine, wrapped in silk cloth, and the fragrance is overflowing, and then tied into a rope with five-color silk thread to make a string of different shapes, exquisite and eye-catching During the Warring States period, Chu and Qin fought for hegemony, and the poet Qu Yuan was listed as the right doctor, which was highly valued by the King of Chu. Later, Qu Yuan's ideas were opposed by the old school headed by the above officials, doctors and Shanxi merchants. They constantly vilified Qu Yuan in front of Chu Huaiwang, and Chu Huaiwang gradually alienated Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan, who has lofty aspirations, is deeply saddened. With uncontrollable sadness and indignation, he wrote immortal poems such as Li Sao and Tianxiang.

In 229 years before Wu Gong, Qin captured eight cities in Chu, and then sent envoys to invite Chu Huaiwang to make peace with Qin. Qu yuan saw through the plot of the king of Qin and risked his life to enter the palace to state his interests. Chu Huaiwang did not listen, but expelled Qu Yuan from the capital. Chu Huaiwang attended the meeting as scheduled and was imprisoned as soon as he arrived in Qin. Chu Huaiwang was filled with remorse and died in the state of Qin three years later. Shortly after King Xiang of Chu ascended the throne, the King of Qin sent troops to attack Chu. Xiang Wang withdrew hastily and captured the capital. On the way to exile, Qu Yuan heard the bad news of his sudden death and the attack on Ying, and he lost all hope. He sighed and jumped into the surging Guluo River. The fishermen on the river and the people on the shore heard that Dr. Qu Yuan had jumped into the river, and they all came to the river to salvage Qu Yuan's body, and at the same time brought zongzi and eggs into the river. Some practitioners also pour realgar wine into the river, so that the medicine can calm the dragon and the water beast and prevent Dr. Qu Yuan from being hurt.

From then on, every year on the martyrdom day when Quyuan threw himself into the river in early May, the people of Chu went to the river to row dragon boats and throw zongzi in memory of this great patriotic poet, and the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival was thus handed down.

Dragon Boat Festival, also called Dragon Boat Festival, is one of the biggest traditional festivals in China. "Duan" means the same as "Chu", and calling "Duan Wu" is just like calling "the fifth day"; The word "five" in the Dragon Boat Festival is also connected with "noon". According to the order of earthly branches, May is "noon" month. Because noon is the "sun", the Dragon Boat Festival is also called "Duanyang". On May 5th, both the month and the day are five, so calling five is also called noon. In addition, there are many nicknames for the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: Summer Festival, Magnolia Festival, Daughter's Day, Tianzhong Festival, Dila Festival, Poet's Day and so on. Many nicknames of the Dragon Boat Festival indirectly explain the differences in the origin of the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. That's what happened. There are at least four or five theories about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: in memory of Qu Yuan; Wuyue's national totem sacrifice theory: From the three generations of summer solstice festival; Evil month and evil day drive away, and so on.

So far, the most influential view on the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qu Yuan. In the field of folk culture, China people associate dragon boat racing and eating zongzi with Qu Yuan. It is said that after Qu Yuan jumped into the river, the local people injured him and died, so they set sail to save him because of the custom of horse racing. He also said that people often put food into the water to offer sacrifices to Qu Yuan, but most of the food was eaten by dragons. Later, due to Qu Yuan's suggestion, they wrapped rice in neem leaves, wrapped it in colored silk, and later made it look like zongzi.

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month, commonly known as "Dragon Boat Festival". Ending means "beginning" and "beginning". The fifth day can be called Dragon Boat Festival. In the lunar calendar, the earthly branch marks the moon, the shade is built in the first month, February is the base, and May is noon in turn, so May is called noon month, and "five" is connected with "noon", and "five" is also the yang number, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival, Worship for Wu, Duanyang and Zhongtian. According to historical records, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" first appeared in the local custom of Jin people and Zhou Dynasty: "Dragon Boat Festival in midsummer, cooking millet." Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The necessary activities of this day gradually evolved into: eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus and mugwort leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, wormwood leaves, smoked atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, drinking realgar wine is said to suppress evil spirits. Although the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every year, its origin is not very clear. To sum up, there are roughly the following statements.

Fifth, the summer mentioned on the solstice. Liu Deqian, who holds this view, put forward three main reasons in The Origin of Dragon Boat Festival and Interesting Talk about Traditional Festivals in China: (1) The authoritative book The Story of the Years of Jingchu did not mention the festival custom of eating zongzi on the fifth day of May, but was written on the solstice festival in summer. As for Du Jing, Du Taiqing's Jade Candle Collection in the Sui Dynasty listed it as an entertainment activity from summer to the sun, which shows that it was not necessarily to salvage Qu Yuan, a great poet who threw himself into the river. (2) Some contents in the custom of Dragon Boat Festival, such as "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "picking herbs", have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. (3) The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in Beautiful Scenery at the Age of Years is: "The sun shines, and the Dragon Boat Festival is in midsummer, so it can also be called midsummer festival. Therefore, the earliest origin of the noon festival is the summer solstice. There are many controversies, and the theory of commemorating Qu Yuan has the most extensive influence. Because of Qu Yuan's outstanding personality and art, people are willing to attribute this anniversary to him.

The customs of the Dragon Boat Festival are:

Eat zongzi, race dragon boats, etc. The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival, Ai Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chongwu Festival, Noon Festival and Summer Festival. Although the names are different, the customs of people everywhere are the same. Dragon Boat Festival is an old custom in China for more than two thousand years. On this day, every household hangs clocks and statues, hangs mugwort leaves and calamus, races dragon boats, eats zongzi, sings realgar wine, swims all diseases, matches sachets and prepares sacrifices.

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