What qualities should an interior designer possess?
From the psychological point of view, quality refers to the innate characteristics of human mental system and sensory organs. Such as memory, observation, hobbies, interests, etc. Most of them are determined by heredity and physique, which is called natural quality. Of course, natural qualities can be made up by acquired training. This quality is spiritual quality, which mainly refers to perseverance and motivation. Perseverance is a sense of responsibility for things and people, a strong and lasting will, and the motivation is enterprising, which is the power to promote the development and progress of design. Among the basic quality requirements of designers, observation, imagination, memory and thinking ability are the most important parts. Whether it comes from innate natural qualities or acquired training, these basic qualities and abilities determine the objective conditions and plasticity of designers. A·J· Pross, a famous American designer, summed up the basic qualities that a designer should have, including: ① sensitivity: caring about the world around him, being able to put yourself in his own shoes, and having a strong interest in aesthetic forms and the significance of the surrounding cultural environment; Wisdom: a natural ability to understand, absorb and apply knowledge to serve mankind; (3) Curiosity: drive them to find out why the world is like this and why it must be like this; Creativity: when seeking the best solution to the problem, there is a tenacious original spirit and enthusiastic imagination. In addition, the quality of integration, guidance and coordination is of special significance to designers, who often play the role of integration, guidance and coordination in a certain time and space, thus creating new design achievements for human beings and continuously meeting people's increasingly rich material and cultural needs. 2. The basic quality and ability of designers are subjective conditions for being competent in design work, which is of decisive significance to the level of basic quality. The ability requirements of designers include three aspects: first, basic ability: as a modern designer, you must have many abilities such as imagination, observation, understanding, analysis, judgment, creation, synthesis and organization; In the whole process of design activities, we must deal with problems with a scientific and objective attitude; Ability to communicate and cooperate with others. The development of society leads to the meticulous division of labor and the change of values, which makes it impossible for any designer to be completely created by one person. The designer should be able to reach an understanding with the producer in a positive attitude, so that the design intention and design scheme can be perfectly realized. Moreover, they also need to understand the participation psychology of consumers and users and provide them with room and space to participate in the completion process. The resulting rich design effects can not be achieved by a single design scheme. Second, the ability to act: In addition to the basic ability, designers should also have certain ability to act. If basic ability is the basis of solving conceptual problems, then action ability becomes the operational performance of realizing concepts and completing the design process. Action ability includes expression ability, analysis ability, judgment ability, adjustment ability and comprehensive ability to effectively exert one's own quality ability. 3. Creativity: Among all the qualities and abilities we talk about, one comes from the innate quality, which can benefit from the acquired training and is the fundamental ability of designers. It is creativity, and the process of design is the process of creation. Robert Olson, an American creative scientist, once said, "It is difficult for those who are stubborn, stubborn, lack the quality of improvisation and attitude towards life, or have distant thoughts to introduce new ideas." Therefore, a real designer must be a person who is unconventional and dares to be unconventional. When most people are still satisfied with the established concepts and forms, designers can find problems from them and complete new creations through their own quality and ability. The designer's ability ① Basic modeling skills are the only bridge to professional design skills. It focuses on cultivating designers' formal space cognitive ability and expressive ability, and lays a foundation for cultivating designers' design consciousness, design thinking, design expression and design creation ability. It includes manual modeling, photographic modeling and computer modeling skills. ② Professional design skills include visual communication design, product design and environmental design. There are more detailed professional skills under the three categories. Such as book binding design, advertising design, packaging design and display design in visual communication design. Product design includes handicraft design, textile design, industrial design and furniture design. Architectural design, indoor and outdoor design, public art design, environmental design. (3) The theoretical knowledge of art design that designers should master mainly includes art history theory, design history theory and design methodology. It belongs to general history, such as Chinese and foreign art history, Chinese and foreign design history, art introduction, design introduction, industrial design history, design methodology and so on. It belongs to professional history, such as craft history, architecture history, clothing history, advertising history, architecture, advertising, clothing science and so on. Among them, architecture, as "great art" and "great design", has a direct or indirect influence on other professional designs. For example, both Gothic and Rococo furniture designs are directly influenced by the architectural design of the same style. Designers should not only be familiar with the history of Chinese and foreign art design, but also pay attention to the present situation and development trend of contemporary art design, so as to broaden their horizons, deepen their cultural and artistic accomplishment and enhance their professional development. The designer's knowledge structure of the wheel straightener specially designed for cyclists (designed by Crowe Industrial Design Company) is the basis of its innovative design. To be a real designer, you must be able to calm down and study hard in order to really have this blue sky. Eiffel Tower (France) 4. Professional knowledge of designers. Structural designers should have multidisciplinary knowledge, and knowledge of natural science and social science is the source of creative thinking of designers. Designers must master some scientific, technical and sociological knowledge closely related to design, such as physics, materials science, ergonomics, human behavior science, ecology and bionics, as well as economics, marketing, consumer psychology, communication, management, economic law, thinking and creativity of social disciplines.
Design physics mainly provides knowledge about mechanics, electricity, heat and optics for product or environment designers, and points out how design can conform to scientific laws and principles to ensure the scientificity and rationality of design.
Design materials science can make designers understand the performance of various materials and be familiar with the application technology of various materials, so as to make full use of their characteristics and avoid their shortcomings in design.
Ergonomics is a comprehensive frontier subject that people are interested in at the beginning of this century. According to the definition of this subject by IEA of the International Ergonomics Society: "Ergonomics is the study of various factors such as anatomy, physiology and psychology of people in a certain working environment; Study the interaction between man-machine and environment; A discipline that studies how to consider work efficiency, human health, safety and comfort in work, family life and vacation. " Ergonomics is a new discipline proposed by Akio Toyoda, president of Nagaoka University of Stylistics in Japan, at a recent international seminar on design education. It is different from ergonomics in quantifying human actions, but focuses on the study of human psychology. In design and application, it can make up for the dissatisfaction that ergonomics ignores human feelings and psychological factors. The design of dental treatment equipment (designed by Siemens in Germany) designed by Manfrd Meinzer, a global positioning navigation tool, is often inseparable from economic factors from the initial motivation to the realization of the final value. This economic nature of design determines that designers must have certain economic knowledge, especially marketing knowledge. The ultimate value of design can only be realized through consumption. Designers should understand consumers' needs, grasp consumers' psychology, understand consumption culture and predict consumption trends, so as to make the design adapt to consumption, guide consumption and realize the economic and social value of the design. Although it is impossible to ask a designer to be an expert in economics, it is difficult to be an excellent designer without an economic mind.
Design is not only a designer's personal behavior, but also a designer's social behavior, which serves the society. Designers must attach importance to social morality and establish a high sense of social responsibility. At the same time, the design is also protected and restricted by national laws and regulations. Therefore, designers must have a corresponding understanding of some laws and regulations, especially the patent law, contract law, trademark law, advertising law, planning law, environmental protection law, standardization regulations and so on, which are closely related to design, and lay a solid foundation. We should not only protect our own rights and interests, but also avoid infringing on the interests of others and society, so that design can better serve the society. Since subject knowledge is very important to designers' design, designers should learn from Qin Ying, constantly expand their knowledge and improve their skills. Only in this way can new design creations emerge with the progress of the times. Without knowledge, design will become passive water, rootless wood, let alone innovation and breakthrough.
The success and design level of designers are restricted by their knowledge and skills, which determines that designers must constantly learn and absorb the nutrition of knowledge like a sponge in order to make themselves grow up healthily. Designers should study in school and sociology according to their own interests, foundation and potential, as well as the actual needs of society and their own design environment; Learn from teachers, friends, other designers, non-designers, books and practices.
Design is a designer's practical behavior, and it can't stay in empty theories, nor can it be built behind closed doors. Designers should not only have the practical ability of artistic design and scientific application, but also have strong social practical ability, including strong organizational ability and the ability to deal with various public relations. Design research, design competition, signing, execution and completion of design contracts, cooperation and coordination between designers and design customers, implementers, consumers and designers, establishment and management of design firms, etc. They are all designers' social practice, and their social practice ability directly affects the success or failure of his career. The acquisition and improvement of social practice skills can not be separated from diligent study and long-term social practice training in various disciplines.
The enthusiasm and ability to study and study design is the key to becoming a designer. Without this enthusiasm and ability, the design talent will be exhausted and the creative inspiration will be difficult to flash. At the same time, learning itself is also a design. Designers need to explore their own learning methods, learning goals and learning steps in the process of learning, and once the goals are clear, they will work hard for them. As long as they aim high, they will certainly be able to stimulate their enthusiasm and ability to learn.
In the process of learning, we should pay special attention to the significance of practice. Design is a very practical subject, and reading dead books and talking empty words will not help design. Designers should be good at learning while using, constantly improve their design literacy in study and practice, gather scattered knowledge into systematic knowledge, and raise practical experience to the height of theoretical understanding.