The origin of witch culture

Witch culture is a primitive culture created by human beings in ancient times to adapt to and transform nature while reproducing and promoting social development. It is also the general name for the culture during the period when people worshiped animism. ancient human culture. Witch culture integrates astronomy and geography, humanities and mathematics, medical horoscopes, Five Elements and Bagua, rituals and entertainment. It interprets traditional Chinese Tao, philosophy, theory, literature and marriage, and has penetrated and influenced the Yin-Yang theory, Zhuang Lao thought, Qu Yuan's poetry and Confucius' benevolence and righteousness. It forms an important part of the multicultural Chinese nation, greatly enriches the treasure house of Chinese national literature and art, religious philosophy, science and technology, and promotes the growth of Chinese culture. Witch culture - Introduction to witch culture Witch culture was created by the "Ten Lingshan witches" headed by Wu Xian in ancient times, centered on Baoyuan Mountain, Ningchang Ancient Town, Wuxi, with astrology and divination as the main form, and salt culture and A regional culture with medicinal culture as its main content. According to the "Book of Mountains and Seas: Dahuang Xi Jing", "There is Lingshan, and the ten witches of Wu Xian, Wu Ji, Wu Pan, Wu Peng, Wu Gu, Wuzhen, Wu Li, Wu Dian, Wu Xie and Wuluo have risen and fallen since then. "The love of hundreds of medicines is here", Guo Pu's "Wuxian Mountain Ode" further states that "Wuxian regarded Hongshu as Emperor Yao's physician, he was born as a prince, and died as a noble god, and he was granted the title of the mountain because of its name." According to research, Baoyuan Mountain in today's Ningchang Ancient Town in Wuxi not only had Baoyuan Mountain salt springs that ancient humans could eat directly, but it was also rich in cinnabar, the "medicine of immortality" in ancient times. Therefore, Baoyuan Mountain is the spiritual mountain where the ancient "Ten Witches" headed by Wu Xian ascended and descended "from above and below" to collect medicine, collect brine and make salt, which is the true meaning of Wushan. The mysterious and distant mother culture of Ba culture - witch culture (salt culture, medicine culture) was born here. During the Tang Yao period, the Wuxian Kingdom was established, forming the origin of witch culture in the Three Gorges area (Great Wushan area). The Ba people with five surnames from the Wu Dan Division migrated from here to Zhongli Mountain in Changyang, Hubei Province. The fusion of Wu culture, Chu culture and other cultures gave rise to the once prosperous Ba culture, which gave birth to the "Book of Divine Events", "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", and the great He is the founder of the literary masterpiece "The Book of Songs" and the witchcraft song "Chu Ci", and has made fruitful achievements in astronomy, literature, writing, art, medicine, geography and other aspects. Bashan night singing, five-sentence folk songs and other cultural phenomena that are still followed today and widely exist in Wuxi land are all rich in ancient style. As a historical relic of Wuxi culture, the "ancient salt capital" Ningchang Ancient Town, the ancient plank road on the Daning River, and the hanging coffin "Two Mysteries" and so on are even more mysterious and ancient. [1] Witch culture is the general name for the culture during the period when people worshiped animism. It is an important part of the multicultural culture of the Chinese nation. Through the expression of myths, it spread to the ancestors the idea that evil can prevail over good, that heaven and man are one, and that they can explore spirituality. and the pursuit of a better future. Among them, the idea of ​​"harmony between man and nature" embodies the philosophical view that man and nature evolve simultaneously and are endless. This idea has had a profound impact on all aspects of Chinese culture, especially on traditional Chinese art. With the development of civilization, the consciousness of witchcraft in shaman culture has been sublimated, and it has gradually affected traditional Chinese artistic thinking. Taoism, influenced by witchcraft culture, inherits and develops the concept of witchcraft and makes the power of witchcraft more rational. At the same time, it also contains a strong element of fantasy and romance, which expands and poeticizes the original concept of witchcraft. The concrete manifestation of the poetic pan-witch consciousness can be traced back to the Ba and Chu cultures and Qu Sao literature. Qu Sao's literature is gorgeous and weird, exuding passionate praise of primitive vitality and reverence and yearning for the imprint of witchcraft. The poetic pan-witch consciousness has always been lingering in the process of traditional Chinese artistic thinking, and has been deeply rooted in it. Influenced the development of plastic arts in later generations. Witch culture - the original meaning explains what witch culture is "witch"

The Chinese Dictionary explains: "In ancient times, people engaged in prayer, divination, and astrology, and also used medicine to seek blessings, ward off disasters, and cure diseases. "

This explanation is relatively accurate, but there are three points that need to be added:

First, witchcraft not only exists in ancient times, but is also active in contemporary times. In contemporary times, there are witches not only in remote and backward areas, but also in developed cities.

Secondly, the activities of witches are not limited to praying for blessings, avoiding disasters, and curing diseases, but also include prediction and planning.

Thirdly, shamans often claim to be in communication with ghosts and gods, communicate with ghosts and gods, seek good luck and avoid bad luck, thereby defrauding people's trust and obtaining property.

In a nutshell, witches are people in human society who specialize in witchcraft and use mysterious behaviors such as prayer, deification, induction, etc. to drive away disasters, seek good luck, cure diseases, express wishes, and seek survival for themselves. .

The general term for witch is a person of culture, and in a narrow sense, it means a person of culture who eats the food of ghosts and gods.

Explanation of glyphs

The creation of characters in ancient China was regular. The ancestors combined the two characters "gong" and "human" together for their own purposes. Gong, "Storytelling" explains: "Gong means skillful decoration. Xiang people have rules and regulations. Agree with witches. All workers belong to workers." Kai Kai of the Song Dynasty said: "To be clever, you must follow the rules and regulations, and then It's a workmanship, otherwise it's just a clever thing. "Witchcraft is intangible, and the failure lies in the trick, so you should also follow the rules, so the explanation is to agree with the shaman." "The original meaning of Gong has at least two points, one is clever decoration, and the other is curved ruler. The recent scholar Yang Shuda identified in "Ji Wei Ju Xiao Shu Lin. Shi Gong" that Gong resembles the shape of a curved ruler. Gong, borrowing from ancient writers, " The explanation of the word "Gong" is that the upper and lower horizontal lines represent heaven and earth respectively. Witch is composed of two people. "Shuowen" explains "witch": "like a man with two sleeves dancing". Today, people think of witch based on oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions. The word "is like the shape of two jade intertwined". The witch note in "Chinese Dictionary. Ministry of Industry" says: ""Shuowen" '筮' 筮 witch uses jade to serve the gods. Congmei

The rules of ancient Chinese character creation, and there is a subtle connection between pronunciation and meaning. Textual research scholars in the Qing Dynasty often spent their entire lives studying The relationship between Yinqun and Yiqun. Wu and Wu, Wu, Wu, False, Mistake, Wu, Wu, Wei and Wu are the same words. Wu and False are connected in "French. Gentleman" in the Han Dynasty. "It contains "If it doesn't work, it won't work, so people use witch drums." Li Gui's "Notes" says: "Wu drums are still nonsense. It is worse to say nothing than to say nothing. "Wang Yunbao's "Yi Shu" says: "Wu Du made a false accusation. False accusation and drum are called false accusation and drum fan. "In addition, the pronunciation of witchcraft and dance both changes with the same sound, which may be related to the movements of witches. The initial impression of witchcraft is dancing. Witch culture is an adaptation created by human beings in ancient times while reproducing and promoting social development. Nature, the primitive culture that transforms nature, is also the general name for the culture during the period when people worshiped all things animistically. It is the ancient human culture that combines astronomy and geography, humanities and mathematics, medical divination, astrology, five elements and eight trigrams, rituals and entertainment. , it interprets traditional Chinese Tao, philosophy, theory, literature, and marriage, and has penetrated and influenced the Yin-Yang theory, Zhuang Lao thought, Qu Yuan's poetry, and Confucius' benevolence and righteousness. It constitutes an important part of the multicultural culture of the Chinese nation, which greatly It has enriched the treasure trove of Chinese national literature and art, religious philosophy, science and technology, and promoted the growth of Chinese culture. Witches in the Oracle era are the general name for wizards and witches. In later generations, witches were called witches, and wizards were called 觋, "Shuowen". The explanation of witches is: "women who can do invisible things and dance to bring down gods." It is said that they can make ghosts and gods possess themselves, or see ghosts and gods in other ways. In short, they have the ability to communicate with ghosts and gods, which is different from ordinary people. Wu Xian was a man who could tell the fortunes of life and death; before the Yellow Emperor went into battle, he asked him to use yarrow for divination; there are also records that his son Wu Xian became a minister assisting King Zu Yi of Yin. It turns out that Zu Yi and the Yellow Emperor were of different ages. Very far away, the lifespan of their father and son was really long enough, but since it is a legend, it does not need to be so true; but one thing is certain, the status of witches at that time was very high, because they were the most educated people at that time, and they were able to do so. Reporting human affairs to ghosts and gods and bringing back instructions from ghosts and gods also carries a heavy responsibility. For example, if it doesn't rain, the witch will take off his clothes and expose them to the sun, or even set up a fire to burn them, thinking that this will alarm the ghosts and gods. , it rained to save him, but many of them were burned to death; during the Warring States Period, Ximen Bao ruled Ye and threw all the witches who used the name of the River God to defraud money and harm the people into the river, saying that he was asking them to report to the River God. This is the application of this ancient method. Curing diseases is also the specialty of witches. At that time, people thought that they were suffering from evil spirits, so they would use singing, dancing, chanting words and other strange body movements to perform magic. Give the patient some medicine. Before shamans manifest possession by ghosts or gods, they often take certain medicines to get excited, because they have to show a different state of madness than usual. These medicines are accumulated through experience from generation to generation. Only they have and dare to use it. When doing divination, it is necessary to burn tortoise shells or animal bones to create cracks. Most people cannot burn them, but witches can do it quickly. They do have some abilities that others do not have. So they became professionals in "calling gods, driving away epidemics, fighting disasters, and eradicating bad luck." Wu was their surname. The Yin people particularly worshiped ghosts and gods, and killed many animals and captives and slaves for sacrifice, but they were eventually destroyed by the Zhou people. .

In comparison, Zhou people believed less in ghosts and gods, and began to have specialized doctors to treat diseases, so witches were not so important. Medicine is derived from witchcraft. Legend has it that Wu Peng is the founder of medicine. Witchcraft Culture - Characteristics Witchcraft Culture Witchcraft and dance also have the same pronunciation. The characteristics of Chinese shaman culture, according to the editor of "Cihai", are: "In ancient times, it was called a person who can dance to induce gods." This statement originated from "Shuowen" written by Xu Shen in the Han Dynasty. Xu Shen also believes that from the perspective of the method of making characters, witch characters "resemble the shape of a man's dancing sleeves, which is consistent with the shape of a worker." "Dancing to bring down gods" can be said to be one of the main characteristics of ancient witchcraft. Whether it is the "Shaman" of the Tungus clan in the north in ancient times, the "Jin (Shi) Gong" of the Yao, Zhuang and other ethnic groups in the south in ancient times, or the "Bimo" and "Moba" of various ethnic groups in the southwest in ancient times, Their main function is to dance. What is dancing to the gods? It is to dance to welcome the good gods and ghosts, or to dance to drive away the evil gods and ghosts. As a representative of the secular world, "dancing to bring down gods" is actually only one of the functions of witches. On the other hand, witches are representatives of the gods and ghosts in the other world. In ancient times, the word "witch" and the word "ling" were synonymous. Wu was "spirit" and "ling" was witch. And "spirit" is, of course, a synonym for gods and ghosts. This is particularly evident in Greek mythology. In Greek mythology, whether it is the main god Zeus, or the sun god Apollo, the goddess of wisdom Athena, etc., their "divine metaphors" are all conveyed through the priests in their temples. This priest is a character equivalent to the shaman in ancient China. Wu is such a complex character with duality. It not only represents the secular world, what it declares to the gods and what it desires; it also represents the gods, what it shows to the world and what it warns. Therefore, to be more precise, shamans are "matchmakers" or, to use modern terminology, mediators between humans and gods. In order to fulfill a special mission, Wu, a special intermediary, had very strict requirements from both society and himself in the early days. Their character must be a model for the public, and their words and deeds must be an example for the public. This situation still exists among the Jingpo people who were at the end of the primitive commune not long ago. This tribe clearly requires the wizard "Dong Sa": "You must set an example for people, do not rob people, do not steal people, do not rape girls, and do not eat dead cattle and pigs and other meat." ① If a wizard has bad conduct, the public will think that his Tiao Shen must be ineffective, and he will be deposed in time. If the large-scale god-dance activities held by the wizards do not work, such as praying for rain but not raining, they will also be considered by the public as having bad conduct behind their backs, and they will most likely be executed by the public to thank the gods. There are many records of this in the ethnographies of Africa, America and Australia, and there are also documented cases in my country's oracle bone inscriptions and pre-Qin documents. In order to complete a special mission, the witch not only needs to lead by example, but also must master a set of mysterious spells. This magic number system is very complex, including general witchcraft, as well as so-called witchcraft and spells. Scholars have various classifications of witchcraft. According to the basic classification of thinking, it can be divided into "contact witchcraft" and "simulated witchcraft" (also called "homeopathic witchcraft"); or it can be divided into "sympathetic witchcraft", "imitation witchcraft" and "resistance witchcraft". Classified by nature, it is divided into "white witchcraft" and "black witchcraft". According to the purpose, it is divided into "curing witchcraft", "harming witchcraft" and "love witchcraft". Witchcraft refers to harmful witchcraft such as poisoning, so some people also call it "black witchcraft". Spells refer to magic such as climbing up knife ladders, walking over hot coals, and fishing out oil pans. The main functions of these witchcraft, sorcery and spells are to ensure good harvests, victory in wars, adequate food and clothing, the family (clan, tribe, village community) without disasters, and the satisfaction of personal desires, etc. Undoubtedly, in an era when productivity was extremely low, it played a certain positive role in calming people's hearts, boosting morale, and defeating nature. Therefore, witchcraft, in a sense, is a reflection of ancient people's fantasy of using supernatural means to control nature. It is true that witches are also quite conservative. Its conservatism is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, its rituals, classics and spells are often only known to those in the circle and are kept secret from outsiders, and even have the flavor of "the secrets cannot be leaked". Second, rituals, sutras, incantations and spells blindly emphasize "purity" and "not out of shape", believing that if they are out of shape, witchcraft activities will fail. On occasions such as sending souls, if the wrong mantra is recited, the soul of the deceased will become lost and become a wandering ghost. Therefore, the same set of mantras and spells are often used in the East Village, the West Village, the South Village, and the North Village, regardless of location. The same set of mantras and spells is used by the grandfather, the father uses it, the son and the grandson still use it, and it does not change with the times.

2. There are two opinions in the academic world as to when witchcraft first appeared: one believes that it occurred in the primitive hunting era; the other believes that it occurred in the primitive farming era. The author believes that the former opinion is correct. Why is it visible? In the prehistoric cave paintings in Europe such as Niwo, Altamira and Lascox, the images are often overlapping images of beasts, and some animals have obvious stabbings with long claws or sticks on their bodies. Marks of pokes and blows. Deer bones engraved with fish, eels (or snakes) have also been unearthed in Monteigat, southwest France. Portraits of prehistoric wizards wearing antlers have been found elsewhere. Experts believe these are used in fishing and hunting witchcraft. Similarly, in Huashan Mountain in Ningming, Guangxi, my country, there are still many ancient cliff paintings. Among them, there is a group of pictures: there is an animal in the center of the picture, and the others are dancers. Obviously, what it depicts is also a hunt for witchcraft. It can be seen that witchcraft and witchcraft were already produced in the primitive fishing and hunting era. There are many reasons for the emergence of witchcraft in the primitive fishing and hunting stage, the most important one is the concept of animism. As we all know, since humans entered the fishing and hunting stage, their food has changed from flowers, fruits, grass and leaves to fish, insects, birds and beasts. As a result, brain development has made great progress. People began to think and explore the surrounding environment, production, life and problems of people themselves. However, the thinking ability of the early people at that time was still very low. For example, why do the sun and the moon rise and set? Why do the four seasons change? Why do terrible thunder and lightning appear in the sky? Why are there mountains and rivers on the ground? Why do strange-shaped vegetation, birds and animals grow on the mountains? Why do rivers drown people? Why was there so much fishing and hunting yesterday? Why is there so little fishing and hunting today? Why are people born, sick, and dead? Such natural, production, and physiological phenomena are inexplicable, and I feel that there is something hidden somewhere. The gods control. This gave rise to the idea of ​​animism. This animistic concept still remains strong among the Wa, Nu, Dulong, Lahu, Brown and other ethnic groups in southwest my country. Gods, at first people just wanted to express some of their wishes in this way, it was very simple. However, with the continuous development of human society, people had to solve more and more problems. In addition, due to the different levels and types of work in human society, people gave various kinds of gods to gods. Therefore, gods can also be seen as another reflection of the current social status quo. [2] Witchcraft Culture - Boundary Witchcraft Culture Divination - Legend has it that Fuxi invented the Bagua and King Wen of Zhou developed it into sixty-four hexagrams, thus producing the "Book of Changes", a classic of Confucianism and Taoism, which contains rich predictions, Feng Shui Science, meteorology and dialectics are still valued by scholars at home and abroad.

Medicine - Volume 22 of "Guang Bo Wu Ji" quotes "Wu Yuan": "Shen Nong began to study the pulse, identify the properties of medicine, prepare acupuncture, and make witchcraft prescriptions." Volume 31 of "Shuo Yong" "Yun Shang Private Chronicles": "When Shen Nong was in Shen Nong, Baini introduced veterinary medicine. When people were sick, they would pick up the words taught by the animals. The words were just like what Baini passed down. I don't know what to say. After saying the words, the beasts would return to the wild with a piece of grass in their hands, pounding them. After taking the juice, it will be cured. Later, Huangdi ordered Fenghou to record the root cause and the disease, and it will be as long as it lasts." In addition, "Huangdi Neijing" is also an important medical work. Music - "Lu Shi? 6? 1 Play 2" annotated "Huan Tan Xinlun": "The Shennong family succeeded to rule the world, so they began to cut tung trees into qins and use ropes to make strings, in order to communicate the virtues of the gods and combine the virtues of heaven and man. "Zhou Li? 6? 1 Drummer": "Use thunder drums to drum for gods; use spirit drums to drum for community sacrifices; use road drums to drum for ghosts to enjoy." "Song History? 6? 1 Biography of Barbarians": "Xi. When Yi Liao is ill, he beats bronze drums and sand gongs to worship ghosts and gods. "Songs and Dances" - "Shan Hai Jing? 6? 1 Dahuang Nan Jing": "The surname of Wu Zangzhen means that if you don't eat grain, you won't be able to harvest." There are singing and dancing birds, the luan bird sings by itself, and the phoenix dances by itself; there are hundreds of beasts in the love circle, and hundreds of grains gather together." This is also the "Nine Songs of Songs of Chu" 6.1. The art of welcoming and entertaining gods through the trinity of song, dance and music by shamans. Wang Guowei's "Research on Operas of the Song and Yuan Dynasties" believes: "The "Nine Songs" performed by Wu Jin has been the germ of later generations of opera." Painting - Zhu Tianshun's "Primitive Religion" said: "All social activities of primitive humans are inseparable. Religion and witchcraft.” For example, the rock painting of Sarqiao Lake in the north of Xinjiang Tianshan depicts a man shooting a bison with a bow and arrow. Primitive people painted this rock painting, thinking that it would produce the magical power of induction, and hunting would definitely be fruitful. Other rock paintings in Cangyuan in Yunnan, Huashan rock paintings in Ningming County, Guangxi, and Matangba rock paintings in Gong County, Sichuan, etc., are all rock paintings related to witchcraft by primitive people.

Witch culture - Aesthetic connotation of witch culture. Witch culture is a primitive culture created by human beings in ancient times to adapt to and transform nature while reproducing and promoting social development. It is also the general name for the culture during the period when people worshiped animism. ancient human culture. Witch culture integrates astronomy and geography, humanities and mathematics, medical horoscopes, Five Elements and Bagua, rituals and entertainment. It interprets traditional Chinese Tao, philosophy, theory, literature and marriage, and has penetrated and influenced the Yin-Yang theory, Zhuang Lao thought, Qu Yuan's poetry and Confucius' benevolence and righteousness. It constitutes an important part of the multicultural culture of the Chinese nation, greatly enriches the treasure house of Chinese national literature and art, religious philosophy, science and technology, and promotes the growth of Chinese culture. It attempts to make a more in-depth analysis and research on the aesthetic connotation of witch culture and art based on a deep understanding of the significance and historical background of ancient witch culture. Among them, sculpture art and landscape art are mainly used as examples, and combined with the shaman culture series of art works created by the famous artist Professor Jiang Bibo to enrich our understanding of the aesthetic connotation of shaman culture and art. Based on the above thinking, taking the aesthetic connotation of shaman culture and art as the argument, the key points are divided into six parts. Since the aesthetic connotation of witch culture and art exists in the background of ancient witch culture, the first part of this article needs to make a clear discussion of the meaning and historical context of witch culture, as well as the original philosophy and cosmology contained in witch culture. and its impact on art. Secondly, human artistic thinking and aesthetic thoughts also developed after humans had aesthetic consciousness. In order to further explain the significance of witch culture to the occurrence and development of art, the significance of shaman culture to the occurrence of human aesthetics was analyzed. In order to enrich and deeply understand the connotation of witchcraft culture and art, the hidden spiritual connotation of ancient human plastic art forms is discussed and analyzed, which mainly includes three parts: symbolism, daily experience and practicality. Since the aesthetic connotation of witchcraft culture and art is always related to Chinese aesthetic thought, in order to analyze its aesthetic connotation more deeply, the fourth part of the article adopts a comparative analysis and induction method to develop the thinking on ancient witchcraft culture and art at the horizontal and vertical levels. Characteristics, thinking characteristics of ancient Chinese humanities and art, and aesthetic thoughts of Chinese art are compared and analyzed, and the similarities and differences between the three are summarized, and their continuity is mainly studied. The highlight part of the article enriches and vividly enriches and vividly embodies the artistic aesthetic connotation of witchcraft culture through the analysis of the artistic expression and creative context of the witchcraft culture series of art works by the famous artist Professor Jiang Bibo. The final conclusion of the article summarizes the importance of research on witch culture and art, and proposes the important value of exploring witch culture. Witch culture - the influence on traditional Chinese art. Witch culture 1. The influence on sculpture art

The witch consciousness in witch culture affects the entire Chinese culture and spirit, which is reflected in the mode of thinking, which is the emphasis on The simple overall concept melts people as objects into nature. As a specific form of materialization and solidification of the national spirit, Chinese sculpture also reflects the influence of this national spirit and culture on it. Chinese sculpture is an art that is closely connected with nature. It places great emphasis on the natural and integrated nature and fully embodies the idea of ​​"unity of man and nature". The so-called "unity of heaven and man" refers to the unity of heaven and human nature. Over thousands of years, this proposition has been continuously developed and enriched, gradually forming a broad and profound system, which is the greatest contribution of Chinese culture to mankind. Over the long years, Chinese sculpture art has gradually integrated with the spirit of this Chinese culture and found the basis for survival and development. Among Chinese sculptures, outdoor mausoleum sculptures have distinctive features. The stone figures and beasts in front of the tomb passages are large and sophisticated in shape, and have a detached, bold and comfortable atmosphere. They always maintain a certain natural form. With a little carving, they become vivid and majestic, with a majestic power that matches the heaven and earth. The stone carving in front of Huo Qubing's tomb in the Han Dynasty of my country is a classic. The stone carvings in front of these tombs are simple and natural, and they are majestic and majestic. Among them, the shapes of a group of stone animals show a beauty that is in harmony with nature. The great craftsmen of the Western Han Dynasty at that time made the stone come alive by only slightly carving it according to the natural shape of the original stone. The representative work of the group of stone carvings in front of Huo Qubing's tomb, "Horse Trampling the Huns", shows a war horse standing erect, peaceful yet vigilant, and its solemnity contains infinite power. Its thick and strong horse legs are like four upright pillars, integrated with the horse's body. Its shape is vigorous and simple, with a sense of integration of line, surface and body, and adds a freehand and expressive artistic conception. . These are all related to the romantic, uninhibited, exaggerated and bold style that the Han Dynasty inherited from Chu, while Chu culture was influenced by the prevailing witchcraft style in Chu State at that time.

Chinese sculpture attaches great importance to the coordination between the shape and the surrounding environment. For example, in the creation process, it does not focus on the resemblance of the object's appearance, but focuses on the creation of artistic conception and charm, so that the viewer can feel the life through appreciation of the work. Rhythm, from the coordination of artificial sculptures and natural environment, we can realize the harmonious and unified state of all things in the world. All this is entirely the result of the "natural harmony" spirit of the shamanic consciousness of shaman culture permeating Chinese culture.

2. Influence on garden landscape art

Chinese garden landscape is very unique. It embodies the characteristics of the Chinese nation. Its gardening The form and the aesthetic thoughts it embodies are deeply influenced by traditional Chinese culture and philosophical thoughts, and all of this originates from the "natural harmony" in the witchcraft consciousness of the original witchcraft culture. There are no regular street trees or neatly trimmed lawns in Chinese classical gardens. Forest flowers are planted according to the natural original distribution pattern, in clusters of three to five, scattered freely, pools or rocks, full of wild interest. The entire landscape design presents a natural style. Even the building itself in the garden emits the artistic interest of the natural landscape according to the overall style and trend of the landscape. The use of "stone" technique is a typical example in classical gardens and design. It embodies the spirit of "harmony between man and nature" and "Tao follows nature". Stone is originally inanimate, but Chinese classical thinking personifies it and gives it the meaning of life. Mountain rocks can express rich emotions in a specific time and space in the garden, such as "the mountains in spring are as calm as smiles, and the mountains in summer are green and like drops of water". Mountain rocks have become a bridge of communication between man and nature, making the garden perfectly transform from an orderly architectural space to a natural natural space. It completes the transition from human to earth and from earth to heaven, thereby achieving the harmonious unity of heaven, earth and man. In classical Chinese gardens, mountains, water, plants, and buildings are the main landscape elements. Chinese garden landscapes require the integration of architectural beauty and natural beauty. Architecture strives to be organically organized with mountains, water, flowers, and trees, and to interact with each other. Coordinate and supplement, and arrange the spatial order of landscapes and buildings based on human activities as a logical basis. By showing the garden's reasonable functions, pleasant proportions, appropriate layout, original ideas, and clever use of colors and materials, it achieves the realm of "Tao follows nature." This makes the garden as a whole achieve a harmonious state of harmony between nature and man. This pursuit of harmony actually reflects the profound influence of the traditional Chinese philosophical thought of "harmony between man and nature" as well as the "natural harmony" thinking of the shamanic consciousness of witchcraft culture.

3. Influence on the art of painting

Shaman culture plays a significant role in the harmonious thinking of the cycle of opposites, complementarity, rise and fall from the Chinese universe, qi, yin and yang, and the five elements. Foundational role. The Chinese universe is a universe of Qi, and the art of line is most consistent with the universe of Qi. Chinese painting art contains the meaning of lines. Chinese people say that calligraphy and painting have the same origin, which means that both are arts in which lines are formed by brushes. The two most important among the six methods of painting are the vividness of the spirit and the use of bone techniques. The living images in Chinese paintings that are full of cosmic aura are composed of lines with endless changes in shades, dryness, and moisture. The flow of lines in the paintings is the same as the flow of Qi in the universe. Lines have become the life of Chinese paintings. Chinese paintings basically do not have the focus perspective of Western painting, but mostly use scattered perspective. In large-scale landscape paintings, the viewer can feel the constant movement of the field of view in the painting, as if someone is walking outside the painting. In many flower-and-bird paintings, there is a blank space without a background, and the characters, flowers and birds have no fixed points to place them, as if they are in a void. , this void is filled with the aura of the universe. The cosmic aura of Chinese painting art is deeply influenced by the Chinese cosmic qi, yin and yang, and the five elements' harmonious ideas of complementary opposites and cycles of ups and downs. Its roots should be traced back to the original cosmology in ancient shamanic culture. Taoism, which was influenced by witchcraft culture, inherited and developed the concept of witchcraft and at the same time made its concept poetic. Lao Zhuang emphasized that yin is stronger than yang, that is, "the weak overcomes the strong". This made the artistic thinking of Chinese painting full of flexible spirit at the beginning. In later generations, it derived a systematic understanding of "empty tranquility", "harmony" and "plainness", which was integrated into ancient painting theory and has penetrated into the Chinese tradition. The whole process of painting art, from thinking intuition, representation, emotion to artistic association and artistic imagery, has resulted in the fine works of Chinese painting art being filled with an artistic temperament of elegance, detachment, indifference, solemnity, broad-minded loneliness and the mysterious atmosphere of Youxin Taixuan. All in all, witchcraft culture, as an important aspect of Chinese cultural phenomena, occupies a position that cannot be ignored in the composition of Chinese cultural forms. It has had a profound impact on all aspects of Chinese culture, and has a significant impact on traditional Chinese art.

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