What's Cen Can's word?
outline
Cen Can (7 15—770) was born in Jiangling, Jingzhou (now Jiangling, Hubei). Born in a bureaucratic family, my great-grandfather, great-uncle and uncle are all officials of the prime minister. My father was also a secretary of state twice. But my father died young and my family fortune declined. I accepted my brother's books and read the history of classics since I was a child. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to present a book for an official position. Later, I went north to Heshuo. At the age of 30, he was promoted to Jinshi, and Cao joined the army. For eight years, Tianbao served as the shogunate secretary of Gao Xianzhi, our ambassador to Anxi, and went to Anxi for ten years, then returned to Chang 'an. In thirteen years, he was appointed as Judge Feng Changqing, our time envoy of Northwest Hospital of An 'an, and went to the frontier again. After the Anshi Rebellion, he stayed in Germany for two years before returning to North Korea. Twice in the frontier for six years. His poem says, "Wan Li served the king with nothing to ask for. I also know that the border is bitter, and I am begging my wife. " ("Judge Yuwen on the first trip to Longshan Road") He also said: "Side by side, assist the curtain and take charge of the frontier. I have been waiting for a long time, so I also wear a short coat. I have been able to walk fast recently, and I am not calm. " (Dr. Feng Hou in the western suburb of Beiting surrendered and returned to the army.) It can be seen that his two trips to the fortress were quite ambitious. After he returned to Korea, Du Fu and others recommended him to fill the vacancy. Later, he was transferred to other official positions such as Scheeren, and in the first year of Dali, he went to the secretariat of history. After the break, the guests died in Chengdu Guest House.
Cen Can's poems have a wide range of themes. In addition to generally lamenting his life experience and giving answers to his friends, he also wrote many landscape poems before going to the frontier. The poetic style is quite similar to that of Xie Tiao and He Xun, but it is characterized by novel artistic conception. Poems such as "Mountain breeze blows the empty forest, whispering like people" ("Walking in Late Autumn"), "Long wind blows the cogongrass, and wild fire burns the mulberries" ("To the Girder, I will send it to the Lord of Kuangcheng") are all examples of poetic wonders. Du Fu also said that "Cen Can brothers are all curious" ("A trip to the United States"), and the so-called "curiosity" is the hobby of novelty.
Since the frontier fortress, in the new world of Anxi and Beiting, and in the fighting life of pommel horse, his poetic realm has been expanded unprecedentedly, and his love for novelty has been further developed in his creation, and the magnificent romantic color has become the main style of his frontier fortress poems.
In the late Tianbao period, the internal affairs of the Tang empire were extremely corrupt, but in Anxi frontier fortress, the troops were still quite strong. In the 13th year of Tianbao, Cen Can, the poem "Doctors in the Western Suburb of Beiting surrendered to the army after the wind" once described Tang Jun's prestige at that time: "Alakazam has beautiful alfalfa, and horses are fat on the wheel platform. Last month, General Feng attacked the Hu people and went to the Western Heaven. Before the two armies fought, the enemy surrendered on the way home. Camel teams are in an endless stream, and yurts are one after another. The bonfire in Yinshan is extinguished, and the sword water is thin. " This situation remained until the An Shi Rebellion. Cen Can's frontier poems came into being under such circumstances.
Song of Running Horse River Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition is one of the outstanding representative works of frontier poems.
Look, how fast the Benma River runs to Xue Hai! And sand, from the desert, yellow flies to heaven. On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind. Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! . Wear your armor all night and let your soldiers March with rumbling weapons! And the sharp tip of the wind cuts his face like a knife. The sweat of snow evaporates on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, your challenge from the camp, and the ink bottle from the ice. It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! .
This poem is about Feng Changqing's Western Expedition. The poet tried his best to render the natural environment of tarquin, where the north wind roared at night, flying sand and stones were flying, and made a strong contrast, "General of China Army, start your campaign!" . The three sentences in "General Shanjia" describe the urgency of military affairs and the strictness of military discipline. It is particularly suggestive to write the night March with the overheard voice of "Ge Xiangbo". Compared with the menacing description of the enemy in front, Tang Jun is so quiet, even more fierce and elite. The words "horse hair with snow" were blocked by the cold, which also showed Tang Jun's fearless spirit. Although there is no battle in the poem, the above description has fully and forcefully indicated the inevitable trend of victory. So the last three sentences wishing victory are the crowning touch. The fast rhythm of three sentences and one rhyme used in this poem also fits well with the rapidly changing military situation.
Song of Wheels Pagoda Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition is also about Tang Jun's expedition: "Our flag is calling the general to go west, the horn is sounded in the morning light, and his army has set off. The drums are shaking everywhere, and Yinshan is shaking thousands of people. " This is the beginning of the day, so the writing is different from the previous poem about marching at night. The previous poem is a sprint, not listening to human voices, trying to render nature; However, this poem strongly exaggerates the flute and drum cutting, and the three armies shout loudly, and the prestige of the army can overwhelm nature. Different techniques show Tang Jun's heroic spirit and invincible spirit.
"Bai Xuege Farewell Tian Shuji Wu Going Home" can be said to be the masterpiece of the first two poems:
The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom. It enters the pearl shutter, it wets the silk curtain, a fur coat feels cold, and a cotton pad is thin; The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear. The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy. In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment. In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag. Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow. I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.
This poem is about a quiet life under the military curtain. At the beginning, it was written about the wonderful scenery of snow falling in August outside the Great Wall, and unexpectedly used thousands of pear trees as a metaphor, giving people a feeling of endless spring. The following describes the strange cold of the military camp, the background of ice and snow, the complicated strings at the farewell party, the romantic atmosphere in a foreign land everywhere, and the complicated farewell mood of the guests. Finally, I wrote that I rode on the snowy road in Tianshan Mountain, leaving footprints gradually, which was more intertwined with the poet's departure and homesickness. Writing farewell poems so brilliantly and boldly is the essence of Cen Can's romantic optimism.
Cen Can also has many poems describing the strange scenery of the northwest frontier fortress. For example, "Farewell to Volcano Yun Ge", "The volcano is abrupt in Chitingkou, and the volcano is thick with May fire clouds. The fire clouds are frozen all over the sky, and thousands of birds dare not come. " It seems hot and stressful. "Rehai Xing Hang sends Cui Shi back to Beijing" is more exotic;
I heard Hull in Yinshan: the boiling water in the west seems to be boiling. Many birds at sea dare not fly, and some carp are long and fat. The grass on the shore often does not rest, and the snow in the air flies away with it. Steamed sodium silicate burns clouds, boiling waves burn waves and frying the moon. ……
This is a myth of ethnic minorities, which is exaggerated by "curious" romantic poets and brings us into an incredible novel world.
The description of frontier fortress customs in his poems is also very striking. The living environment of the military camp here is: "the rain blows the felt wall wet, and the wind shakes the curtain" ("The First Autumn Wheel Platform"); The furnishings of luxurious life in the general's shogunate are: "The greenhouse is embroidered with curtains and red stoves, woven into wall clothes." Maid-in-waiting poured a jade pot in front of the lamp, and randomly ordered wild camel cakes in the golden clang ("The Military Song of General Yumenguan Gai"); The scene of the song and dance banquet here is: "Pipa and flute are in harmony, Qiang Hutong sings, plows cattle and cooks wild camels, and makes wine by crossing the river" ("Jiuquan Taishou is drunk at the table"), "People are full of beautiful moths and flowers are light and luxuriant. If the skirt is folded back, the sleeves are snowing, and a whirlwind is born in the left and right extension "("Tian Meiren dances like a lotus flower in the north "). These are all new things in the eyes of Cen Can, who is used to life in the Central Plains. What is more noteworthy is that his poems also reflect the touching scene of people of all ethnic groups interacting with each other and having fun together: "In the army, wine and drums are played at night and banquets are held at noon. General Huamen has a good rest, and King Ye He is a fan who can speak Chinese ("Farewell to a long sentence, be strict with yourself"); In September, Tianshan Mountain is like a knife, and hunting horses in the south of the city shrinks. A general wins every battle, and gambling is better than a sable robe "("Zhao Jiangjun Song ").
Cen Can also wrote some homesick poems in the frontier fortress, such as "Letters to Jingshi" for future generations:
It's a long way for my hometown to go east, but I don't want to shed tears with my sleeves. I'll meet you immediately, without paper and pen. Please tell my family that I'm safe.
Things are ordinary, but the feelings are deep. However, his poem "Going to the North Court from Lintao":
I've heard of Luntai Road, and I see snow flying every year. Chunfeng has never been there, and imperial envoys seldom go there. The endless white Pennisetum stretches all the way to Kashgar, and the blue mountain is on the other side of Wuwei. Do your best for the king, dare to talk far away, and only hope to return to your dreams.
It also shows his touching mood of focusing on national affairs.
After the An Shi Rebellion, although he also expressed some sympathy when he was hurt in some poems such as "Two March", it was somewhat inferior to those frontier poems mentioned earlier. His poem "Xishu Hostel sends a message to an old friend in the spring" says: "The four seas are still unsettled, and I am at a loss. Since the outbreak of the war, I feel that the world is very narrow. " This kind of mood can also explain why his romantic pride disappeared and he rarely reflected on the Anshi rebellion.
Cen Can's poems are characterized by heroic spirit of serving the country generously and optimistic spirit of not being afraid of hardship, which is consistent with Gao Shi. The difference is that he describes the richness of frontier life more than the sympathy for foot soldiers in Gao Shi's poems. This is mainly because his background and early experience are different from Gao Shi's.
Cen Can's poems are full of romantic features: magnificent, imaginative, colorful, passionate and unrestrained, and his curious ideological character make his frontier poems present strange artistic charm. His poems have various forms, but he is best at seven-character poems. Sometimes two sentences turn, sometimes three sentences and four sentences turn, constantly rushing and jumping, full of images everywhere. We can also see that he also attaches great importance to learning from folk songs in his famous poems, such as "Night Collection of Judges in Liangzhou Pavilion".
Du Que's Preface to Cenjiazhou's Poems says that his poems are handed down from generation to generation. Although he is a scholar and a savage, he is full of irony. " It can be seen that his poems were widely circulated at that time, not only appealing to both refined and popular tastes, but also deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups. Fan Yin and Du Fu praised his poems before his death. Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Song Dynasty, even said that his poems were "chasing Du Li with a pen" (reading Cenjiazhou's poems at night). Although the evaluation may be a little excessive, Cen's poems are touching, but it is conceivable.
works appreciation
brief introduction
Cen Can (7 15-770) was born in Jiangling, Jingzhou and Nanyang. Lonely and poor since childhood, I read many famous books. Cen, a famous frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was well-known for his participation in Gao Shi and was known as the "Gao Cen". His poems are bold, imaginative and colorful, especially the seven-character poems.
Deng Ci 'en Temple Tower with Gao Shi and Xue Ju.
The pagoda suddenly rose from the ground and reached the Heavenly Palace.
Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us, and our overlooking steps are hanging in space.
It is above a holy land and can only be built by spiritual hard work.
Its four sides darken the bright sun, and its seven floors cut through the gray clouds.
Birds fly where we can't see, and high winds blow where we can't hear.
Mountains, eastward, eastward.
Far away, green locust trees line the wide road, and Guan Gong He Linglong.
The colors of autumn come out from the west and go through the city.
In the north, there are five cemeteries, which are always quiet under the dew and green grass.
Those who know the ultimate meaning of life, this is what all mankind must learn.
From now on, I will put my official hat aside and find the eternal way is the only happiness.
Take a trip to Sichuan to send the Western Expedition.
Haven't you seen the trip to Sichuan? The snowy seaside, the sand in the desert and the yellow ones fly to heaven.
On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind.
Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! .
Wear your armor all night and let your soldiers March with rumbling weapons! And the sharp tip of the wind cuts his face like a knife.
The sweat of snow evaporates on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, your challenge from the camp, and the ink bottle from the ice.
It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! .
-In order to show the high patriotic spirit of the border guards, the poet used the method of contrast to exaggerate and exaggerate the harsh environment to highlight the dauntless spirit of the characters. Cen Can's frontier fortress is poetic, fresh and elegant, or magnificent. This poem is magnificent.
Song of the Wheel Tower Farewell to Feng, General of the Western Expedition
"The horn of the wheel platform blows in the night, and the flag of the wheel platform descends in the north of the wheel platform." .
The military book was sent overnight, but Khan had invaded the west of Jinshan.
From the observation deck, we can see dust and black smoke, and the China army is encamped north of the Lunta.
Admiral Lu Bing marched westward, and the whistle began to sound at dawn.
The drums are like thunder, and the three armies shout and play strings in the mountains.
The enemy camp is grim and ferocious, and the bones still hold the roots.
The river is cold and snowy with goose feathers, and the sand mouth is cold and the water chestnut is off.
Wang Qinzheng, the son of Xiang, vowed to serve the country in order to calm the border jam.
Since ancient times, the history of history has always been there, and today's generals are better than the ancients.
-Although this frontier fortress poem is entitled "Farewell", it focuses on the Western Expedition. I hope that the other party will make contributions in a foreign country. The first six sentences of this poem describe the tension between the two armies before the war. Followed by four sentences, write the day when the battle began, and then write strange cold and sacrifice. Praise the soldiers' desperate resistance to the enemy. The last four sentences take care of the topic, wish triumph and end with praise.
A song of snow sent Tian Shuji Wu home.
The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow.
Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom.
Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin.
The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear.
The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy.
In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment.
In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag.
Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow.
I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.
In the office of Zuoyuan, Du Fu was given a review order.
Go to the same step, there are red steps, the branch office of the office is separated from you by the mi.
In the morning, the emperor's honor entered the palace, and at night the body was stained with the aroma of the furnace.
White hair increases, lamenting the withering of spring flowers, looking up at the sky and admiring the flying birds.
There is probably nothing wrong with the brilliant master dynasty, and the emperor played sparsely.
Spring dream-a short good time
There was a spring breeze in the bridal chamber last night, thinking of the beautiful Xiangjiang River.
I fell asleep unconsciously, and in just a few moments in my dream, I have traveled thousands of miles to the south.
When welcoming a messenger to the capital.
The distance from the east home is very long, and the tears are wet and the sleeves are still flowing.
I'll meet you immediately, without paper and pen. Please tell my family that I'm safe.
Zhai Zhongzuo
Riding west, almost to the horizon, I have seen two full moons since I left home.
I don't know where to live tonight, and I can't see anyone in the desert.
-This poem, written in the eighth year of Tianbao (749), was written together with "Welcome to the Capital". Cen Can joined the army for the first time. This poem was written in the desert. The bright moon shines on the vast desert. He thought that the full moon had not returned, and he saw Tang Jun staying in the sand and wrote this quatrain. This is a silhouette of camping life on the way to the desert.
The Combination Order of Youbo Luohua Songs
After reading the Buddhist scriptures, I heard that there were excellent flowers in the bowl, but I didn't see them. Tianbao Geng Shen-year-old, participated in Dali evaluation, took photos of the imperial history, and fell in love with the deputy envoy of Northwest Iraqi Hospital. In my spare time, I plant trees and herbs in Daofu Hospital and dig ponds for the mountains. Dancing during this period is enough to be proud. Jiaohe Guan has presented this flower, and the cloud is at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain. Its shape is different from that of grass, and its potential cage is like a crown. Rise, but not attract students. The flowers are folded in the middle and the leaves are wrapped. The fragrance is extraordinary and the scenery is beautiful. Sighing because of the reward, I was not born in Middle-earth, but a distant descendant, which made peony expensive and hibiscus famous. What a pity! The husband and the world are selfless, the yin and the yang are impartial, each has its own life, and it is self-defeating. Is it unfair to be partial or unfair to be absent? If this flower is not used by petty officials, it will eventually be entrusted to the valley. What's the difference between a talented person and a person who doesn't understand the Lord and refuses the evil of the forest! Because of the affection for this song, Song Yue:
Baishan South, Chishan North. In the meantime, some people don't know that the green stems and leaves are good in color.
Six leaves and nine rooms. How fragrant the night is, why not give birth to China and the West?
Move your roots to court to flatter me. Shame is associated with grass, which is elegant and unique.
Why not be rewarded by others? The poor ravine Committee was severely frosted.
I secretly lament that the road to Yangguan is long and I am not allowed to offer the king.
Comments:
Cen Can's poem "Greeting the Messenger of the Capital" is written casually, with simple language and sincere feelings.
Brief introduction of Cen Can
Cen Can (about 7 15 ~ 770)
Poets in Tang Dynasty. Originally from Nanyang (now Henan), he moved to Jiangling (now Hubei). Born into an official family. Lonely since childhood, read through the history.
When I was 20 years old, I went to Chang 'an, but I didn't get an official position. I went to Luo Jing and hung out in Heshuo. Tianbao three years (744), Jinshi. In eight and thirteen years, I served in the fortress twice. After returning to Korea, he was ordered to fill the vacancy and lived in the house. During the Dali period, the history was called the thorn official, and the world was called Cenjiazhou. After the break, the guests died in Chengdu Guest House. Most of Cen Can's early poems are about scenery, feelings and answers. The style of landscape poetry is beautiful and elegant, which is quite close to He Xun. But the language is strange and the artistic conception is novel; Sentimentality, lamenting poverty and indignation are also strong. For example, I feel that I met by chance, I was careful, I walked in the mountains in late autumn, and I went to the girder but sent the crazy city master. Six years' frontier life has broadened Cen Can's poetic realm and further developed his novel features. Magnificent romance became the keynote of his frontier poems. He not only warmly praised Tang Jun's bravery and exploits, but also euphemistically exposed the cruelty and misery of the war. Exotic scenery such as volcanic cloud, Tianshan snow, re-sea transpiration, Leng Hai, wind and rolling stones, and yellow sand soaring into the sky are also integrated into his poems. Representative works include Bai Xuege, Walking in Sichuan, Song of Luntai, etc. In addition, he also wrote about the frontier fortress customs and the friendly coexistence of all ethnic groups, as well as the homesickness and grievances of soldiers, which greatly expanded the creative theme and artistic realm of frontier fortress poems. Cen Can's poems in his later years were confused and gradually depressed. After entering Shu, the landscape poems have added strange and strong features, but the idea of seclusion has also developed in the poems.
The main ideological tendency of Cen's poems is the heroic spirit of generosity to serve the country and the optimistic spirit of being fearless of difficulties. The artistic momentum is magnificent, the imagination is rich, the exaggeration is bold, the color is gorgeous, the creativity is novel, and the style is steep. He is good at depicting the magnificent frontier scenery with seven-character songs and expressing his uninhibited feelings. Du Zhen, a Tang Dynasty poet, compiled Cenjiazhou's poems, and later generations' collections evolved accordingly. Nowadays, Chen Tie people and Hou people have "Collection of Notes". For deeds, see Du Que's Preface to Cenjiazhou Collection, Chronicle of Tang Poems and Talented Persons of Tang Dynasty.