Geographical environment of Hongcun town

Hongcun was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of nearly a thousand years. This is where the king lives. Wang Jiu of Hongcun is a descendant of Hua Wang, the King of Yue in the early Tang Dynasty. Hongcun Town has profound historical and cultural heritage and is an important display window of Huizhou culture. Hongcun owns 137 ancient dwellings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has unparalleled ancient water systems-Shuizhen, Yuetang and Nanhu. Known as Chengzhi Hall and Peide Hall in the folk Forbidden City, Lisantang and Lexiutang in the hometown of Huizhou merchants, and the well-preserved ancient academy "Nanhu Academy" and other important cultural relics. There are woodcarving buildings in Lu Cun, which are composed of well-preserved houses such as Zhicheng Hall, Siqi Hall, Siji Hall, Sicheng Hall and Glass Hall. There are seven ancestral halls in Pingshan, such as Guangyu Hall and Chengdao Hall, as well as three ancient temples, namely Hongmiao, Changning Lake, Xiuwenshu's former residence, Hulujing and Xiaoxiulou. The architectural style, spatial layout, interior decoration and environmental construction of Huizhou style in Hongcun, Lucun and Pingshan ancient villages have all reached a high level, representing the highest level of architecture and human settlement environment since the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially the three carvings of "wood carving, stone carving and brick carving" have distinctive artistic characteristics and exquisite skills. On June 30th, 2000, 165438+ Hongcun, with a history of 876 years, was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO and became a treasure of all mankind.

Hongcun is the most representative of many Huizhou residential villages in southern Anhui. [3] From the overall appearance, Hongcun is a strange cow-shaped ancient village in the ancient Miao Peach Blossom Garden, which is known as "the village in Chinese painting" with both the interest of Shan Ye and the water town customs. Every household in the village is connected by waterways, and gurgling spring water flows from every household. The buildings are stacked with lakes and mountains, and the scenery is everywhere, step by step. In the leisurely pace, the feeling of leisure is so strong that people are enchanted.

There are more than 40 well-preserved Ming and Qing residential buildings in the village/KLOC-0. Other famous scenic spots are: Xiao Chun in Nanhu Lake, studying in the Academy, Fenglian in Yuetang, Niuchang Reservoir, Shuangxi Shadow Wall, ancient trees in front of the pavilion, sunset in Leigang and so on. Shurentang, Taoyuanju, Jingxiutang, Deyitang, Biyuan and many other unique and finely crafted ancient dwellings in Ming and Qing Dynasties have been well preserved so far.

The whole village is built by mountains and water, and the green hills behind the village are the barriers. Gao Shuang's terrain can block the wind from the north, so there is no crisis of flash floods and the joy of looking up at the sound of mountain springs. Eight or nine hundred years ago, the village builders had the foresight to build villages according to the water system, so it is as spiritual as water, which is why it is more attractive than other villages with Huizhou architecture. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the seventy-six ancestors of Hongcun hired Mr. Feng Shui "He Keda" for survey three times. He believes that the geographical feng shui situation of Hongcun is a lying cow, and it must be planned and developed according to "Niucun". First, use a natural spring in the village to expand and dig a half-moon moon pool as a "cow's stomach"; Then, a stone dam was built across the Jiyang River in the west of the village, and a puddle with a width of more than 60 cm and a length of more than 400 m was built with stones, which led the water flowing into the village from the west to the south and east, surrounded the ancient buildings and ran through the "bovine stomach". This is the "beef intestines". There are stepping stones to wash clothes and water flowers all the way. The houses on both sides of the "cattle farm" are mostly courtyards with flowers and fruit trees, low walls carved with masonry, winding waterside promenades, and small and exquisite bonsai rockeries. The winding "ox intestines" pass through the hospital, and the running water will not rot for years.

Then set up four wooden bridges at Yushanxi in the west of the village as "cow feet". In this way, an ox-shaped village is formed, in which "the mountain is the bull's head, the tree is the horn, the house is the cow's body and the bridge is the foot". It is said that when digging the moon pool, many people advocated digging it into the shape of a full moon, but Chongniang, the wife of the 76th ancestor at that time, strongly disagreed. She believes that "flowers bloom and flowers fall, and the monthly surplus is a loss", which can only be dug into a half-moon shape. Finally, the moon pool became a "half-moon climb". Later, Mr. Feng Shui thought that according to the saying that cows can "ruminate" only with two stomachs, from the perspective of geomantic omen, Yuetang, as an "internal yang water", needs to be combined with an "external yang water" to truly develop villages. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, a hundred acres of fertile land in the south of the village was dug into the South Lake, which was another "cow stomach". The design and construction of Hongcun "Niuxing Village" lasted 130 years.

The scientific water system design of "Niuxing Village" has solved the fire-fighting water for Hongcun, adjusted the temperature, provided convenience for residents to use water for production and life, and created a good environment of "gathering around the river without hindering the passage of streams and roads, and there are clear springs in front of every house". "An arrow that draws without firing", Nanhu (Niuwei) follows the style of "Autumn Moon in Pinghu" in Hangzhou West Lake. The whole lake is in a big bow shape, and the "bow back" is a two-story lake embankment, and the upper layer is 4 meters wide. The long dike running through the center of the lake is like an arrow, and an arch bridge is like a feather family. The reflection of light floating on the surface of Nanhu Lake, water and sky are the same color, and the far peak is close to the house and falls into the lake. There have been three renovations in the history of Nanhu Lake.

South Lake has different scenery in four seasons and different scenery day and night. In the Qing Dynasty, there were poems such as "Peach blossoms on the shore, beautiful and graceful", "Lotus fragrance in midsummer, sweeping the mirror" and "The most important thing is that the wind and waves are quiet at night and the lights on the balcony are half blurred". The location, layout and beautiful scenery of Hongcun are directly related to water, and it is an ancient village that has been carefully planned. The planning and design of artificial water system inside and outside the village is quite exquisite and ingenious. Experts say Hongcun is "a rare ancient village with detailed planning in the world, and the human landscape and natural landscape complement each other". It is praised by Chinese and foreign architectural experts as "a pearl of China tradition" and "a living textbook for studying the history of ancient water conservancy in China". The canal winding in Hongcun was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty and has a history of 600 years. The water system is designed according to the image of cattle, and the clear spring is called "Cattle Intestine", which flows in front of every household, so that the villagers "do not hinder the distance of the creek road, and there is a clear spring in the home lane". The "tripe" flows into the "tripe" moon pool in the village. After filtering, it walks around the house and goes to the South Lake called "tripe" outside the village. After being filtered again, it flows into the river. This kind of water system can be called the unique architectural art of ancient Chinese villages. The Hongcun Bird Race can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty. This is a traditional folk activity during the Spring Festival. In recent years, its influence is growing, attracting many foreigners to participate in bird competitions every year. Bird friends exchanged their experiences and experiences in raising birds, and the scene was very warm. The birds participating in the bird race are all male thrushes, and the competition is divided by lottery. The participating thrushes beat their opponents through singing, momentum and "martial arts" to win the ranking.

In addition, Hongcun also held activities such as China (Huangshan) International Tourism Festival, International Mountain Bike Festival and China yi county Photography Festival. Xin 'an medicine is extensive and profound, and Hongcun famous doctors have been passed down from generation to generation since the Song Dynasty. Several cases were briefly recorded. Wang Siqi (1225- 1296): Bachelor of Song Dynasty, good at medicine, used medicine for decades. During the pandemic in 2000, he spared no expense in making "Spleen Warming Pill" to treat patients. At most, thousands of people went to see a doctor and took his medicine. At that time, the villagers called him "the heavenly doctor cluster".

Wang Jiayi (13 19- 1403): Ming Dow, born in Yuan Shundi for two years (1334). Drought and epidemic occurred at the same time, and there were dead bodies everywhere. According to the secret recipe "Fang Bi Dan Wen" handed down by the ancestor Si Qigong, Chiayi applied medicine to save people, and sent rice and 100 stone to cook for disaster relief.

Wang: The word justice was born in the middle of Qing Dynasty. I studied medicine since I was a child and went to Kyoto to be a doctor in my prime. I have excellent medical skills and a good reputation. I am a hospital official.

Quan Wang: Gu Xiang was born in the late Qing Dynasty. As a generation of famous doctors, Quan Wang is especially good at treating difficult diseases. Changzhou famous doctor failed to treat edema many times and asked Quan for a prescription. All carefully read the prescription, saying that the prescription was symptomatic but lacked live toad as a drug guide. After taking Zhao Quan's prescription, the swelling disappeared. Fa Guanqing said that Quan Wang's medical skill is a miracle. Quan Wang's medical skill is outstanding, but he is cautious. He must look up books at night to distinguish differences and fallacies.

Wang Xiang: The calligraphy in Qing Dynasty was so exquisite, especially in gynecology. Patients were eager to seek medical treatment. They even came all the way to Hongcun for medical treatment. Mrs. Zhang, the governor of Anhui Province, is critically ill and the famous doctor is at a loss. Wang took several doses of medicine and recovered. Later, she cured Mrs. Zhu Tai of her illness. Zhang and Zhu successively presented the plaques of "Essence of Art Garden" and "Sage in the Forest".

Wang Jifu (19 14-): 16 years old studied medicine with his father, and 2/kloc-0 years old practiced medicine in Changshan County, Zhejiang Province for 7 years; Later, he returned to Yixian and practiced medicine in Feijia Town. 194 opened a clinic of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in Jicun, 1956 changed it to a township hospital. He treats a variety of intractable diseases, with superb medical skills and steady work. I think of my sick family everywhere. I have been a deputy to several county people's congresses and a member of the CPPCC. He retired at the age of 72 and is a respected old man in Hongcun.

Ji Fu's grandfathers Wang Kehua, Wang Guoping, Wang Yongsheng and Wang Longxiang are all famous doctors in Hongcun. Grandfather Wang Yongsheng, also known as Wang Xingyu, was born in the late Qing Dynasty and was an expert in traditional Chinese medicine. During Xianfeng period, he was employed as the official doctor of Xiang Ying, and his pathological research focused on practice, not limited to law. Father Wang Longxiang is also skilled in medical skills. It is the hometown of six generations of Chinese medicine.