Gong Dou, an ancient makeup name, is badly needed.
White makeup means no powder, only lead powder. White makeup is beautiful when it is good, and looks like a ghost when it is not good.
Red makeup, the most popular facial makeup in the Tang Dynasty, is "drunken makeup". Regardless of grades, I like applications. This kind of makeup is to apply white powder first, and then apply thick rouge on both cheeks, such as wine dizziness. "Makeup Table" "Beauty makeup, powder is applied to the face, rouge is mixed in the palm of your hand, and it is applied to your cheeks. Thick is' drunken makeup'; The light color is' peach blossom makeup'; Thin Shi Zhu, covered with powder, is' Fei Xia makeup'. "
Peach blossom makeup, first apply white powder, and then apply rouge on both cheeks. Therefore, the two colors are mostly red, while the forehead and chin are white powder, which is mostly used for young women.
Fei Xia makeup, first on the face with a layer of rouge, and then gently covered with white powder on the cheek, more suitable for the old woman.
Tan halo makeup, rouge and lead powder are mixed in advance before makeup to turn it into brownish red (pink), and then directly applied to cheeks, which is mostly used for women over middle age.
An ornament worn by women in the old days.
This makeup method, also known as flowers, face flowers and decals, is a small decoration attached to the eyebrows and face. It is said that during the Southern and Northern Dynasties,
One day, Princess Shouyang was lying under the eaves of the temple, and a plum blossom fell on her forehead, dyed it and brushed it away. Maid-in-waiting, quite tangled.
Imitate. The simplest bud is just a small dot, while the complicated one is made of gold foil, black paper, fish cheekbones and mother-of-pearl shells.
Cut mica sheet into various flower shapes,
Frontal yellow
Frontal yellow, also called crow yellow, is yellow painted between the foreheads. This makeup method originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty.
Draw a picture
Thrush is the most popular and common makeup method in China, which was produced in the Warring States Period. The forms of thrush in Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty are various.
Colorful, there are ten kinds of eyebrows, among which the most famous ones are Yuanyang eyebrow, Xiaoshan eyebrow, Wufeng eyebrow, Sanfeng eyebrow, Pearl eyebrow, Moon eyebrow, Split eyebrow and Han eyebrow.
In ancient times, women usually shaved off their original eyebrows and made them out of burnt wicker or ore.
Blue and black pigments are painted in various shapes. They are called "Daimei".
Cosmetic ytterbium
Face enamel, also known as cosmetic enamel. Bad refers to the dimples on the cheeks, so bad face generally refers to a decoration applied by ancient women to dimples on both sides.
. Before the prosperous Tang Dynasty, rouge or pigment was used to make two soybean-like dots, which were placed in dimples on both sides of the corners of the mouth, commonly known as smiles.
Hairstyle is an important decoration of women's head, which can increase the aesthetic feeling of appearance. The changes of ancient women's hairstyles are extremely rich and numerous.
Pose passed down from ancient times is constantly changing, from simple to complex, and from complex to simple, alternating back and forth. There are many records about it, only for "bun"
There are more than one hundred kinds of records. These hair names are named according to the meaning of hair styles and jewelry. Although there are many nicknames, according to their braids and hairstyles.
Can be summarized into several basic types, briefly as follows:
1. Junction type
This hairstyle consists of knots, some standing on the top of the head, some leaning to the sides, some spreading evenly, some hanging down, and the female's own head.
Hair is limited, often with' wigs' and jewels, majestic and gorgeous. According to records, it is said that during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Empress Dowager Yaochi came to the meeting and became a fairy.
Women's bun is different from the world, and the high circle is towering. The emperor ordered the official princess to follow suit, so it was named "Gao Wang Xiang Xian Steamed Bun" and decorated with various jewels.
, gold hairpin wind hairpin or step shake, more gorgeous and noble. This high-circle hairstyle has one to nine hairstyles, which is the most distinguished hairstyle and is often used to express.
Hairstyles of fairies, queens, empresses and noble ladies in mythology (from Scrolls of the Eighty-Seven Fairys, Jade Girl in Yongle Palace Murals, etc.). )
Witness). Girls who don't leave the room can do it, but the decoration should not be too gorgeous. This hairstyle was quite popular in the Qin and Han dynasties and the pre-Qin period.
Popular, after the Han Dynasty, many generations worshipped immortal hairstyles, which were also adopted by celebrities and ladies.
Its forms are high, almost, hanging, overhead, and on both sides, and the number can be ligated at will, which varies greatly.
, can be used flexibly.
2. Torsion type
This is a hairstyle created in the late Han Dynasty. According to records, it was planned by Empress Zhen, and it became popular after worshipping each other. This hairstyle is made up of
The hair is divided into several strands and twisted around the head like a twist. According to records, when a virgin entered the Wei Palace, there was a kind of green in the palace.
Snake, when dressing up every day after Zhen, this snake is coiled and shaped, and it is combed into a bun after Zhen imitates it. Every day, the bun is different because of the snake-like change.
So the number is "snake bun".
This hairstyle is flexible, vivid and charming, suitable for goddesses and precious women who have not left the room. There are many forms of this hairstyle change.
It can be twisted around the top of the head, on the side of the head and in front of the head, with vivid and comfortable changes, especially in ancient ladies' paintings. Modeling SmithKline
Flexible use.
3. Disc stacking type
This hairstyle can be seen in paintings, sculptures and tomb murals in the Tang Dynasty, as well as in the tomb murals of Li Huixian, the granddaughter of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty.
There are many folded buns. According to records; Women in Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty liked to comb a bun (that is, a spiral bun).
The number is a bun. It is all the rage in Chang 'an, and this kind of "bun" is mainly made in the form of folding, and its method is to separate the hair with silk thread.
Tie the knot, then fold the bun plate into a spiral shape by weaving, coiling and stacking, and place it on the top of the head or on both sides or on the forehead and back of the head.
You can also superimpose various forms at will.
This hairstyle is very beautiful and decorative. In Wang Yuyang's poems, it is praised that "green snails are like steamed buns and shaped like rice", which can be made by folding plates.
Snails of all kinds. It can be used flexibly in modeling.
Step 4: Reverse the style.
This hairstyle is recorded in Duan's "Hairpin" that the princess in the palace combs her buttocks, which was also very popular in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
For the sake of popularity, there is a record of "Tang Wude half-combing the bun, upside-down the bun and splitting the buttocks" in The Dressing Table. In turn, it is to raise your hair.
It's also a high bun hairstyle. The production method is to tie the hair back, tie it with silk thread, divide it into several strands and turn it out.
Various styles. Some combs are woven into the appearance that the wings of birds are about to unfold, which is called "police head bun", and some combs are woven into single knives or double knives.
Known as the "rotary knife bun", it can also turn many locks of hair into fancy. It is called "hundred flowers" in many forms and techniques, all of which are closely combined and turned over.
This hairstyle is mostly used by ladies-in-waiting, expensive women, and girls who have not left the house often leave a hair tail hanging on their shoulders under the inverted bun.
Later, it was called "dovetail", also known as "split bun". Although the names of the past dynasties are different, the basic hairstyles are similar, in terms of styling.
When, can be flexible to change and reference.
5. Spine knot type
This hairstyle is the most common and widely used in ancient women's hairstyles. It has been adopted in all dynasties and lasted for the longest time, from Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Qin Dynasty.
Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all used it. It's just that the hairstyle is high, flat and low, and the spine is front, middle and left.
The later changes are different. In this hairstyle, the hair is tied to the top of the head or the side of the head, or to the forehead and back of the head.
After being tied into a vertebra, it can be coiled into a vertebra, and the vertebra is opposite to the vertebra, so that it can stand on the top of the head or on both sides. According to records:
Sun shou, his wife, put the knot vertebra on the side of his head to make it fall off, which was called "falling horse bun", also known as "Liang's new makeup", which was all the rage.
At that time, when Zhao Hede entered the palace, his hair curled into a vertebral shape, which was called a "new bun". Hongliang's wife Meng Guang likes to comb her hips. These hairstyles
It's all a change in the shape of the vertebral node. If you master the combing method, you can change or create various vertebral knots, which can be used flexibly in modeling.
. All kinds of vertebral buns are mostly used by married young women.
Step 6 be symmetrical
This hairstyle has been used since Qin and Han dynasties and has been adopted in all previous dynasties. Its typical hairstyles are "double bun" and "bun", and "double bun" is mainly the hairstyles of maids and maids. It is said that Qin Shihuang ordered ladies-in-waiting to wear double buns and suspenders until the Qing Dynasty. This hairstyle is to divide the hair into two strands from the top, comb it on both sides, tie it on both sides, and then tie it into two big buns, so that the two sides are placed symmetrically. It can also be tied symmetrically to make it droop, which is good for folk girls.
"haircut"
This is a kind of children's hair that can be used by both men and women. Because of its shape, it is called "hair". Its shape is that the hair is divided into two strands, symmetrically tied into two vertebrae, placed on the left and right sides of the head, and a small lock of tail hair is pulled out from the bun, which naturally hangs down to the shoulders. This is the main hairstyle of children's bun in past dynasties.
Cicada and Bo temples, these two are not hairstyles, but all kinds of hairstyles should be matched with two kinds of temples.
According to records, the cicada temple was built by Mo Qiongshu, the imperial secretary of Wei Wendi Cao Pi. This is the decoration of the temple. It is called "cicada's temples" because the temples are combed very thin and transparent, and the shape is like cicada's wings. Ancient poems say that women often have "cloud temple". The combination and contrast of thin cicada temples and thick hairstyles enrich women's hairstyles.
The untimely temple of Bo and Jade Fu Zhi all stipulated that concubines in the palace should have a temple of Bo, and so should noble ladies. Bo's temples cover his ears with temples, or cover half of his ears back. This is a kind of etiquette temples.
The most common hairstyles for women can be divided into the above six categories according to their combing rules. When modeling, bun can be used according to various combing methods.
Comb more and braid more hair styles, and appreciate them according to dynasty, status, age and personality.
Good combination and application can create better female hairstyles.
Women's hairstyles in the Tang Dynasty are varied. Duan of the Tang Dynasty wrote in Jipin: "There are semi-rotating bun, anti-wan bun and Leyou bun in Gaozu Palace. In Ming Taizu Palace, the double ring looks at the fairy bun, the Uighur bun, and the imperial concubine makes the worry bun. In Zhenyuan, there are soft buns and makeup buns. In Chang 'an city, there are lingering steamed buns, shocking steamed buns, jilted steamed buns and Japanese steamed buns. "In addition, there are descriptions of women's bun styles in the Tang Dynasty in dressing tables, new Tang books and ancient and modern China notes. Archaeologists of cultural relics have seen the hair styles described in some ancient books in the pottery figurines unearthed in the tombs of the Tang Dynasty, as well as stone carvings and murals, but they are not as diverse as those unearthed in the three-color kilns of Tang Changan Pingkangfang in the eastern suburb of Xi 'an and Li Quanfang in the western suburb. This paper will introduce the pottery figurines and their hairstyles in Chang 'an Sancai Kiln in Tang Dynasty, and see through the prosperity and opening of Tang society from the colorful hairstyles of women in Tang Dynasty.
In A.D. 1368, the famous emperor Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, and his title was founded. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, a series of practical measures were taken to promote the recovery of production. With the improvement of productivity, the market is further expanded, new industries appear, some industrial cities are formed, and a unified multi-ethnic country is further consolidated. After the Ming Dynasty seized power from the Yuan Dynasty ruled by Mongolia, it paid attention to rectifying the etiquette that did not conform to the customs of the Han nationality, and adopted and restored the systems and customs of the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to the collected data, although the hair styles of women in Ming Dynasty were not as diverse as those in Tang and Song Dynasties, they also had some characteristics of their own times.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the hairstyle of Song and Yuan Dynasties was basically inherited. After Jiajing, women's hairstyles have changed obviously. "Tao Xin bun" was a fashionable hairstyle at that time. The women's bun is combed into a flat circle, and then the top of the bun is decorated with flowers. Later, it evolved into a gold and silver silk knot with a high comb. The top of the bun is also decorated with pearls, jade and jadeite. There are various hair styles of "Peach Blossom Bun", such as "Peach Blossom Bun", "Goose Heart Bun" and "Luoma Bun" which imitate the Han Dynasty.
Double bun: Double bun in Ming Dynasty, similar to the bun in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. Called "Bazi", it is a simple and generous hairstyle preferred by Jiangnan women. In particular, there are many ladies-in-waiting who comb this kind of bun, and the bun style is rich and varied, which is deeply loved by folk women.
Fake steamed bun: also known as parallel steamed bun, it was loved by ladies-in-waiting in Ming Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "ladies-in-waiting had a high bun, while folks liked a low bun". This kind of bun is mostly antique. The production method is to weave a circle with iron wire first, and then weave the hair on the plate, which becomes a cosmetic ornament to use. It was particularly popular in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In some jewelry stores, there are ready-made fake buns for sale.
Headband: also known as "Epa". In the Ming Dynasty, both old women and young girls were very popular. First, the headband evolved from the original "Baotou". At first, it was woven into net-like hair with zongsi. At first, it was fashionable and wide, and then it was narrow. Its practicality is used to tie hair, and it is also decorative. Narrow on the forehead and eyebrows. This ornament has been around since the Ming Dynasty.
Peony head: a kind of high bun, popular in Suzhou, and gradually spread to the north. You Dong's poem: "It is said that Jiangnan is one foot high, and six palaces strive to learn peony heads." Some people say that the most serious person can't lift his head and describe his hairstyle as very high, about seven inches, with fluffy sideburns, smooth bun and double locks at the end. This hairstyle usually adds a wig.
Maids in the Ming Dynasty all wore hairstyles, lotus crowns and hairpin flowers.
Analysis of Hairstyles in Qing Dynasty
The ancestors of the Qing Dynasty were Manchu people who lived in the northeast of China. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, peasant uprisings broke out one after another, and Manchu aristocrats took advantage of it to establish the Qing Dynasty in Beijing in 1644, and191year was wiped out. During these 237 years, the Qing Dynasty experienced three stages. In the early stage, it was a unified multi-ethnic country, which was relatively consolidated. In the middle period, with the further development of social economy, capitalism began to sprout and eventually entered the decline and disintegration of feudal social system.
After the Qing rulers established political power in Shanhaiguan, they forced Han people to follow Manchu customs, and shaving their hair and leaving their braids was one of them. In the early Qing dynasty, women's hair styles and decorations also retained their own national characteristics, and then gradually changed obviously. The ornaments on the bun are made of pearls instead of gold and silver, which is the characteristic of Chongzhen period. In the mid-term, we advocated high bun, such as imitating the hairstyle of Manchu maids, that is, dividing the hair into two pieces, called "fork head", and trimming a lock of hair hanging from the back of the head into two sharp corners, called "dovetail". Since then, flat head has become popular, which is called "three sets of flat head" or "Suzhou pouting". This kind of bun is suitable for all ages and has changed the custom of high bun. Hair accessories also have their own characteristics, such as "crown", which is especially suitable for elderly women. There is also the prefix, which is as luxurious as an archway, and the big pull wing favored by the royal family is one of the most famous ones.
Gaoji: In Qing Dynasty, Gaoji was made of wigs mixed with fillers, such as peony heads, shower heads and alms bowls, which were popular in Kanggan years. Its style is luxurious, towering more than seven inches, just like blooming peony and lotus. Comb the back of the head into a flat three-layer disk and fix it with a hairpin or hairpin. After the bun, it is dovetail-shaped, and the bowl head is shaped like a bowl cover. Therefore, the bun-style hair combing is more complicated, so it gradually tends to be eliminated when the hairstyle is popular in the late Qing Dynasty.
Big pull wings: also known as "flag bun", it is the most distinctive hairstyle of Manchu women in Qing Dynasty, which integrates hairstyle and makeup. Its combing method is particularly complicated, which evolved from the influence of Han women's "Ruyitou" and was loved by ladies in the Qing court.
Crown, code: Older women in Qing Dynasty covered buns with ornaments made of hard paper and black satin, embroidered with auspicious patterns and longevity words, and pinned them with pins. Middle-aged women often wear "braids" made of mane and hemp, inlaid with silks and satins, and decorated with flowers, which makes them more beautiful and gorgeous. The code is shaped like an upper with only two walls. Later, it evolved into code that is not directly used, which is called "real code". Actually, it's just a dollar bun on your head.
About bun:
There are many names for girls' bun in ancient times, such as: going straight to the clouds, close to the nose, dizzy, half-turning, sad and so on.
Hairstyles in the Tang Dynasty can be divided into bun and enamel. The bun is solid and the enamel is hollow. There are countless names of steamed bun, steamed bun, double steamed bun and inverted steamed bun.
Bun, semi-rotating bun (single-knife semi-rotating bun and double-knife semi-rotating bun), shocking bun, double-looking bun, swinging bun, wuman bun, lingering bun,
Concentric bun, heart-to-heart bun, plucking bun, Uighur bun, soft bun, sad bun, lily bun, Changle bun, falling horse bun, noisy sweeping bun,
Leyou bun, rice bowl Leyou bun, combed Venetian bun, high bun, low bun, phoenix bun, small bun, side bun, prison bun, partial bun, flower bun (bun
Flower arrangement), cloud bun, double bun, Bao bun (decorated with flowers, hairpin and other jewelry), flat bun, flying bun and righteousness bun (fake bun).
Such as: cloud, high, short, low, double, round, concentric, vertical, etc.