Is the Battle of Julu a vassal for hegemony?
background
Qin Jun
In September 208 BC, Zhang Han, the general of the Qin Dynasty, defeated Zhao by crossing the river to the north after destroying Xiang Liang, the main force of the Chu army, in the battle of Dingtao. Then he ordered Wang Lijun and his men to surround Zhao's giant deer, personally stationed troops in the south, and set up a passage to transport food and grass to the besieged Qin Jun.
To this end, our soldiers are divided into two ways, and all the troops go to Julu to solve Zhao's siege, thinking that the coach and Xiang Yu are the deputy coaches; Another army attacked Guanzhong, with Liu Bang as the commander in chief. Huai Wang Xin promised that whoever attacked Guanzhong first would be named the king of Guanzhong.
crown prince
Yi Song led the Chu army to Anyang (ancient place name, now southeast of Cao County, Shandong Province) and stayed there for 46 days. Xiang Yu was eager to attack Qin Jun and avenge his uncle Xiang Liang. He urged Yi Song to send troops, but Yi Song wouldn't listen. He retorted that Xiang Yu was foolhardy and gave orders. Anyone who is fierce, disobedient, greedy for work and disobeys orders will be shot.
He sent his son to the State of Qi as prime minister, and he was sent to (the old county name, in the east of Dongping County, Shandong Province) for drinking and having fun. At that time, it rained heavily, the weather was cold and the foot soldiers were hungry and cold. Xiang Yu used this to arouse the soldiers' dissatisfaction with Yi Song.
On the morning of the 47th day, Xiang Yu broke into Yi Song's tent, stabbed him to death with his sword and beheaded him. Later, Xiang Yu announced to the foot soldiers that he had conspired with Qi, and he assassinated him with the heart of a king. He sent Huan Chu and Yi Song to report to Wang Huai. Wang Huai had to appoint Xiang Yu as commander-in-chief and lead his army to save Zhao.
process
Cut off all retreat
Chu army is far less than Qin Jun. Xiang Yu first sent Ying Bu and General Pu to cross the river with twenty thousand Chu troops, attacked the tunnel and won several battles. /kloc-in October/February, Xiang Yu led the whole army to cross the river, ordered to stop cooking and sink the ship, and each person only took three days of dry food, and all the rest were burned to show his determination to fight to the death (this is the origin of the idiom "cross the rubicon").
One against ten.
Inspired by Xiang Yu, the morale of the Chu army was high and they fought bravely. He defeated the army of Qin Junyong, the commander of the Soviet Union, and drove the army to rout and withdrew its support for Wang Lijun. At this time, Xiang Yu turned over and fought against Wang Li and the Great Wall Corps, winning nine out of nine. At that time, a Chu army could kill ten Qin Jun (Records of the Historian Xiang Yu's Biography records: "Every Chu soldier is equal to ten." This is the origin of the idiom "take one as ten"). Xiang Yu personally went into battle to encourage the soldiers (according to the records of the former Han Dynasty, "the voice of a feather moved the world"), which eventually led to Qin Jun's defeat. Qin general Su Jiao was killed and Wang Li was captured. He refused to set himself on fire and died.
Watch the battle on the barricade-sit and watch.
Before Xiang Yu attacked, although more than a dozen armies of governors, such as Yan, Qi, Wei, Dai and Liao, had come to the rescue of Julu, they were all afraid of Qin Jun's strength, but they only stationed troops in the periphery and did not dare to fight. When the Chu army attacked Qin Jun, all the vassal armies still stayed at home, just watching in the camp (Records of the Historian Xiang Yu's Chronicle records: "The vassal armies saved the giant deer from more than ten walls, so they dared not March. When Chu attacked Qin, all the generals looked at it from the wall. " This is the origin of the idiom "stand by and watch". When the Chu army defeated Qin Jun, all the governors were very afraid and worshipped Xiang Yu.
However, in Historical Records, Biography of Zhang Er and Biography of Chen Yu, there is another saying about the vassal's army: "Xiang Yu's soldiers are definitely out of the tunnel, while Wang left the army because of lack of food. Xiang Yu learned to lead the troops across the river, so he broke Zhang Han. Zhang Han led the troops to solve the problem, but the vassal army dared to attack Qin Jun, the stag, and then took the king away. Involved in suicide. " According to Zhang Er Chen Yuchuan, when Xiang Yu attacked the tunnel guards in Zhang Han, the vassal army just stood by and watched. When Xiang Yu attacked Wang Li, the vassal army participated in the siege, captured Wang Li and forced him to commit suicide. It was the Chu army and the vassal army that died together.
Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty, in the History of History, Biography of Xiang Yu and Biography of Chen Yu in Zhang Er, integrated the statements that: "Xiang Yu was rewarded, and when he led his troops across the river, they all sank, broke their cauldrons, burned their houses, and gave three meals to show that his soldiers would die, and none of them returned home. So the king of Wei followed him, fought nine battles with Qin Jun, and Zhang Han led the troops. Zhuangke dared to attack Qin Jun, killed Su Jiao and left the king. If you don't fall, you will burn yourself. "
Zhang Han surrendered.
In June 2007, Xiang Yu's Chu army defeated Qin Jun in stagnant water and Sanhujin. Zhang Han sent Sima Xin to Xianyang for reinforcements, but Zhao Gao refused and sent someone to kill Sima Xin. Sima Xin returned to the barracks and told Zhang Han that the imperial court had been controlled by Zhao Gao, and he would be killed regardless of the victory or defeat. Zhang Han was also worried about Zhao Gao's persecution, so he, Sima Xin and Dong Kun led about 200,000 people from Qin Jun to surrender to Xiang Yu, and the Battle of Julu ended.
Xin 'an kills and surrenders.
In November, Xiang Yu led the troops to Xin 'an, fearing that the Qin Dynasty would bring changes, and killed more than 200,000 soldiers in the south of Xin 'an (now Yima, Henan). (Alienation: Xiang Yu was afraid of lack of food, ashamed to ask for food, and killed it. However, this statement is very suspicious. ) But Xiang Yu did not execute Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun. ("Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography" records: "Xiang Yu called and General Pu deliberated:' There are still many Qin officials, but my heart is not satisfied. If they don't listen to Guan Zhong, things will be dangerous. It's better to kill them and stay in the state of Qin alone with Chang Shixin and three people. "So ChuJun night attack killed more than 200 chi in the south of Xin 'an. ) 19 12 when building the longhai railway, a large number of human bones were excavated in the local area, and the current site is called "Chukeng". There are many doubts about the "Xin 'an Pit Falling" incident, and there is a great debate in the history circle. It is not excluded that after the establishment of Liu Han's regime, Xiang Yu was deliberately vilified for the stability of the regime.
affect
Because Qin Jun's main force fought Xiang Yu in Hebei, Liu Bang took advantage of the emptiness in Guanzhong, broke Wuguan in August, entered Xianyang in October, Zi Ying, the king of Qin, surrendered, and the Qin Dynasty perished.
Mao Kun, a Ming Dynasty man, commented on the Battle of Julu: "Xiang Yu's most proud battle, Tai Shigong's most proud article." Zheng Banqiao, a poet in A Qing, wrote in The Battle of the Julu: "As many people point out, Cao Cao and Zhu Wen are both proclaimed emperors. What is a heroic horse and a beautiful woman? Those who cross the Wujiang River are crying. "