Does the contraceptive ring with copper on metal allergy have itchy symptoms?
1, allergic purpura
Concept: A vascular allergic bleeding disease. The body has an allergic reaction to certain substances, causing vasculitis in a large area, increasing the permeability and brittleness of arterioles and capillaries, accompanied by bleeding and edema.
Etiology: < 1 > bacteria, germs and intestinal parasites; < 2 > food; < 3 > drugs, sulfonamides, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, etc. ; (4) Others (insect bites, plant pollen, vaccination, etc. ).
Clinical manifestations: children and adolescents are more common. 0-3 weeks before the onset of 65438+, there was a history of upper respiratory tract infection, with general malaise, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, and then skin purpura accompanied by joint pain, abdominal pain, hematuria or melena. These symptoms are often easily misdiagnosed.
Type: < 1 > Cutaneous type is the most common, because dermal capillaries and arterioles are aseptic necrotizing vasculitis, most of which are mainly manifested by petechiae, and may be accompanied by slight itching, small urticaria or papules. Blood stasis is more common in limbs and buttocks, especially in the inner side of lower limbs. 〈2〉 Abdominal type is mainly manifested as abdominal pain, which is often paroxysmal colic or persistent dull pain, and may be accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea and bloody stool. 〈3〉 The joint type is mainly joint swelling and pain, which mostly occurs in joints such as knee, ankle, elbow and wrist. 〈4〉 Kidney type is more common in children. One week after purpura, proteinuria and hematuria often appear, sometimes accompanied by edema, which can develop into chronic nephritis. 〈5〉 Mixed type and special type can include convulsion, paralysis and coma.
2, allergic dermatitis
Allergic dermatitis is mainly manifested as skin redness, itching, pain, urticaria, eczema, macula, papule, wheal rash, purpura and so on. There are the following manifestations:
(1) Drug eruption Some drugs can cause skin allergic reactions, mainly manifested as erythema, purpura, blisters and loose epidermis, itching and pain, and sometimes accompanied by low fever. There was no pigmentation after the rash subsided. Western medicine allergy is more common, such as penicillin, sulfonamides (such as smz) and analgin allergy. And some components in traditional Chinese medicine can also be used as allergens. According to reports, herbs that can cause allergic reactions include Houttuynia cordata, Brucea javanica, Trichosanthes root, borneol, rhubarb and so on. Liushen Pill, Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet, Compound Angelica Injection, Danshen Shuxin Tablet and other Chinese patent medicines. After drug eruption, such drugs must be stopped immediately.
(2) Contact dermatitis refers to the local erythema, edema, itching and pain after the skin comes into contact with a certain substance, and in severe cases, blisters and peeling may occur. The substances that can cause skin contact dermatitis are jewelry, bracelet, mirror frame, sandals, chemical fiber cloth, external medicine, chemicals, cosmetics and so on. Once the above symptoms are found, immediately look for items that cause allergies and stop contact. People who are prone to contact dermatitis are mostly allergic people.
(3) Eczema has obvious exudation. In recent years, the incidence of eczema has an upward trend, which is related to the abuse of chemicals, environmental pollution, poor treatment of three wastes, accelerated pace of life, increased mental stress and other factors. Characteristics of the disease: it can occur at any age; Can occur in any part of the body surface; Recurrent attacks; Erythema, papules, blisters, erosion, exudation, scabbing, desquamation and pigmentation can be seen locally or all over the body; Severe itching.
(4) Definition of urticaria (wheal, rash): An angioneurotic response of the body to various stimuli on the skin (small blood vessels in subcutaneous tissue dilate, the permeability of the wall increases, exudation occurs, and local edema is formed). Etiology: First, external contact with cold, heat, sunshine and other stimuli; Mosquito bites; Urtica, sumac and other plants; Toxins produced by internal contact with fish, shrimp, seafood, mushrooms, sulfanilamide, salicylic acid, penicillin, serum and parasites; 3 mental stress, irregular menstruation, mental stress, fatigue, depression, etc. ; Genetic history of four families (allergic constitution inheritance). Symptoms: Sudden severe itching or burning sensation on the skin. Rash: Puffy lumps of different sizes quickly appear in the affected area, ranging in size from rice grains to palm, generally the size of fingernails to coins, slightly higher than the surrounding skin.
(5) Dermatoglyphics: itchy skin with scars after scratching. In severe cases, it is not a scratch, but a slight bump with a hard object will happen. Symptoms are the same as urticaria.
(6) The two penetrating ultraviolet rays uva and uvb in ultraviolet allergic sunlight will directly reach the dermis of the skin, causing redness, burning, heat and pain in allergic people. This is what medicine often says about solar dermatitis, that is, ultraviolet allergy. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation will also lead to a sharp increase in free radicals, which are health killers in the body, causing wrinkles, pigmentation and cell damage in local skin, and even changing the immune system, resulting in more serious phototoxicity and photosensitivity. Conventional ultraviolet protection measures include the use of sunscreen and anti-ultraviolet parasols. Sunscreen can only block part of uva, which is of little use to uvb, while anti-ultraviolet parasols can do nothing to the ultraviolet rays reflected from the ground and walls. Experts pointed out that people with solar dermatitis and ultraviolet allergy must take it orally.
(7) Food allergy The manifestations of food allergy can be varied. Rash is the most common, mostly occurring in erythema around the face and mouth, but also in the trunk, itching, desquamation, and pigmentation. On the other hand, after eating wild vegetables, the skin can be exposed to the sun, and chronic edema, general fatigue, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain appear on the face, neck and hands. Common foods that cause allergies are seafood (especially shellfish), bamboo shoots, mushrooms, milk, tomatoes, barley, wild vegetables, fruits, nuts, soybeans, peanuts, chocolate and so on. But sometimes it is not the food itself that causes allergies, but disinfectants, preservatives and so on. It is also found that taking penicillin and milk at the same time can also cause allergic reactions. The cause at this time should be penicillin.
(8) Cosmetics allergic cosmetics can cause allergic reactions such as redness, swelling, heat, pain and blisters. From a medical point of view, if you are allergic to a certain cosmetic, you'd better not use it. But sometimes it is inseparable from life, such as middle-aged and elderly people dyeing their hair and professional women wearing light makeup. At this time, the most scientific method is to fundamentally improve the allergic constitution.
3. Allergic asthma
Allergic asthma usually occurs in the flowering season in spring, and in the cold season in autumn and winter, the sensitizing medium acts on the bronchus, causing the bronchial smooth muscle to spasm, leading to extensive stenosis of small airways, causing asthma, suffocation, cough, and even suffocation and death in severe cases.
Allergic asthma mostly occurs in childhood, and patients often have atopic constitutions that are allergic to certain substances, such as inhaling cold air, pollen and dust mites. Eat fish, shrimp, milk, etc. ; Or contact with certain drugs, such as gentamicin. When these allergens enter patients, through a series of reactions, mast cells or basophils release allergenic active substances, which act on bronchi, causing a wide range of small airway stenosis and asthma symptoms. Asthma can be fatal if it is not treated in time.
allergic rhinitis
4, allergic rhinitis
There are three typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis: first, paroxysmal and persistent sneezing, with no less than five attacks each time, even a dozen or dozens of times for a long time. Sneezing time is often aggravated by getting up early, falling asleep at night or changing with the seasons, and severe sneezing should be played several times almost every day; Second, a large amount of clear water-like nose after sneezing; Third, nasal congestion, the severity of each attack varies, lasting more than ten minutes or dozens of minutes.
5. The face is red and bloodshot.
Red blood silk is mainly a facial phenomenon caused by facial telangiectasia or superficial position of some capillaries. The face of patients with red blood looks redder than normal skin color, and some of them are only red on both sides of zygomatic region, and the boundary is round. This kind of skin is thin and sensitive, and it will turn red when it is too cold, too hot and emotional. In severe cases, it will also form deposition spots, which are difficult to cure. Not only will it affect the appearance, but it will also cast a shadow on the psychology and bring great inconvenience to normal life. Therefore, it is not only necessary but also urgent to remove red blood.
There are many reasons for red blood silk, which can be roughly divided into hereditary and induced types. Genetic types are mostly hereditary, usually familial; Induced type is the most common, the main reasons are: first, long-term local use of corticosteroids causes telangiectasia, resulting in thinning and atrophy of skin; Second, living in a cold area or suffering from chilblain, resulting in blocked blood circulation, blood vessel wall congestion, so that the face appears red and swollen, bloodshot; Thirdly, after cosmetic skin changing, because skin changing products mainly contain "benzoic acid", thin and delicate facial parts are repeatedly stimulated by "benzoic acid", leaving unprotected dermis exposed and exposed to strong ultraviolet radiation; Fourth, sensitive skin generally has a thin stratum corneum. They are sensitive to external sunlight, drugs, cosmetics and temperature (cold and hot), which leads to blood vessels not being tight or loose, showing repeated congestion, which makes blood vessels dilate circuitously and form red bloodshot.
Red blood silk is directly related to the blood circulation system of the body. Wind, sun and high temperature stimulation damage facial meridians, leading to vasodilation and disease. Or there is blood stasis blocking meridians, blood vessels are not running smoothly, and blood stasis blocks the skin and dilates blood vessels; Poor blood circulation makes it difficult for toxins in the body to be excreted, and it will also form red blood. Poor blood circulation is also directly related to the lack of vitamins and trace elements in the body. The lack of these substances directly causes the capillary wall to lose elasticity and cause dilation. It can be seen that the production of red blood silk is the result of the interaction of many reasons, and the treatment for only one reason can only be effective for a while. Simply using cosmetics is a temporary solution, not a permanent cure.
6, bronchial asthma
Bronchial asthma is a clinical disease caused by paroxysmal dyspnea caused by bronchiolitis, which makes the lungs temporarily swell. It is paroxysmal and can generally be relieved by itself in a short time. Most cases begin in childhood, but also occur in youth and middle age. It is generally believed that this disease is caused by the human body's allergy to certain substances, and the cause is more complicated. Generally, it is more frequent in winter and night. Before the attack, sometimes you can have a hunch. At first, the patient felt chest tightness, and then he showed dyspnea, especially dyspnea accompanied by wheezing. He is often forced to sit up and take a deep breath. Severe cases may be purple lips, cold sweat and anxiety. Seizures can last for tens of minutes, hours or even days. General weakness after the attack. The drugs used to control hair mainly include theophylline drugs such as aminophylline, adrenocortical drugs such as epinephrine, ephedrine and salbutamol, adrenocortical drugs and cholinergic blockers. , but the side effects are great. The methods to prevent the attack include removing the inducement, avoiding contact with allergens, using disodium chromate and strictly distinguishing by desensitization. The nature and treatment of these two diseases are different. Asthma is a serious condition of bronchial asthma, so effective first aid measures should be taken in time.
7. anaphylactic shock
Refers to a strong systemic allergic reaction, with symptoms including blood pressure drop, rash, laryngeal edema and dyspnea. 50% of anaphylactic shock is caused by drugs, and the most common is penicillin allergy, which mostly occurs within 5 minutes after medication.
8. Children are allergic
First, common allergens
Many common allergens are foods that children like to eat, drinks they are used to drinking, smells they like to smell or places where they often play, so they are often ignored by people. After exposure to allergens, children usually develop physical discomfort and behavioral problems soon. Common allergic foods are: milk and dairy products, flour, corn, eggs, sugar, tomatoes, potatoes, chocolate, yeast, food coloring, fruits, beef, pork and so on. Common allergic environmental factors include pollen, mold, dust, trees, tobacco, smoke, perfume, gasoline, paint, pesticides, detergents, drugs, pets, carpets and so on. Comprehensive factors are more likely to cause allergies.
Second, allergic manifestations
The allergic manifestations of children include systemic symptoms and behavioral changes, which often appear after children are exposed to allergens for half an hour to several hours.
1. General symptoms. Children's cheeks, nose and earlobes are red, the ear canal is moist, earache, nasal congestion, sneezing, dark circles, swollen eyelids, drooping, headache, dry lips, dry skin or excessive sweating, wrinkles in eyes or palms, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal distension, constipation, eczema of arms, legs or joints, repeated infections, chronic cough, asthma, shallow, rapid or irregular breathing, and pulse.
2. Behavior change. Children of different ages have different behaviors.
0 ~ 1 year-old baby group: crying or screaming continuously, unable to eat or needing to eat continuously, fidgety or extremely depressed, having difficulty falling asleep or sleepy, unwilling to be hugged, shaking his head, etc. 1 ~ 3-year-old children group: inexplicably angry, hyperactive, jumping around, bumping into the bed, tired, curled up in dark corners such as tables and chairs, under the bed or in furniture, refusing to be touched, unwilling to dress and undress, etc. Children aged 3-6: sudden changes in mood and behavior, hyperactivity, inability to sit quietly and eat, listen to stories or watch TV programs, irritability, fatigue, disobedience, depression, aggressive behavior, leg shaking, drowsiness or nightmares, inability to write or draw horizontal lines, or the bigger the words, the more they change (excited type), or the smaller the words, the more they fall (depressed type).
Third, prevention and control methods
Once the allergen is identified, the contact with the allergen should be stopped immediately, and the allergic reaction usually disappears naturally. Serious cases should be hospitalized. The key to prevent allergies is to find allergens.
First of all, we should know what the child ate, touched and smelled before the allergic reaction.
When allergic reactions are suspected to be related to certain foods, the "recording method" can be adopted: that is, recording the foods that children eat (drink) within a week, and recording the changes of their breathing and pulse, the changes of their writing and drawing abilities, and the changes of their emotions and behaviors. Then, analyze the relationship between allergic reactions before and after meals. If the food is identified as suspected allergic food, stop eating and continue to observe. If you are not sure about the allergic food, you can take the "rotation method": that is, the food you eat is different within 4 days, and every 4 days is a cycle. In this way, even if the child eats a small amount of allergic food, it will not cause allergic reactions.
Allergy caused by environmental factors is often related to time or space. If children's allergic reaction occurs at the same time every year, it may be related to tree, grass or pollen allergy: it occurs in early spring and is related to tree pollen and mold allergy; It occurs in midsummer and is related to grass pollen allergy; It occurs in autumn and is related to hay and weed pollen allergy. If it often happens in humid weather, it may be related to mold allergy. If it often happens at night, it may be related to some factors in the bedroom, such as pajamas, toys, sheets, quilts, pillows or some food that you often eat before going to bed. If the child keeps crying after moving into a new house or home decoration or adding new furniture, it may be related to paint allergy. Some children are obedient at home, but they are too naughty in kindergarten. It may be that they ate some allergic food before going to kindergarten, or they were exposed to some allergic substances on the way to kindergarten, or they were allergic to some substances in the kindergarten environment (indoor or outdoor), or even allergic to the perfume used by teachers. In winter, children spend a long time indoors, and indoor humidity, mold and dust are the most common allergens leading to intractable asthma.
Secondly, it is necessary to prevent contact with allergens. Pay attention to indoor hygiene. Air-conditioned rooms should be ventilated frequently, and bedding should be aired frequently. Children's underwear should be washed twice with clear water to prevent children from being allergic to detergents. After moving into a new house, decorating at home, buying new furniture and spraying pesticides, open the door and open the window until there is no "smell" in the room, and then let the children in. When taking children out, you should choose a route with fewer motor vehicles and try to stay away from automobile exhaust. Don't take children to play near the factory.
9. Pollen allergy
At present, the prevalence of pollen allergy in the world has reached about 5% ~ 10%, and the number of patients in China is increasing year by year. In the past, people usually thought that spring was the frequent season of pollen allergy, but in fact, August to September in summer and autumn is the real high incidence period of this disease.
Although the main direct allergen of pollen allergy is pollen, it is closely related to social environment, lifestyle changes and other comprehensive factors. For example, drug abuse, air pollution, water pollution and the wide application of food additives have all led to more people being exposed to antigenic substances. In addition, the control of infectious diseases has also led to the increase of allergic diseases. Because pollen contains allergenic protein components, once inhaled by people with allergic constitution, it will trigger allergic reactions. The types of pollen that cause allergies change with the seasons. In spring, tree pollen is dominant, mostly seed trees, especially cypress, Bai La, French phoenix tree, Ailanthus altissima, pine, poplar, willow and elm. These plants have a large amount of pollen, small volume and high content in the air, which is easier to spread on windy days. So there are many people who are allergic to pollen during spring outing. Grass and wormwood pollen are dominant in summer and autumn.
Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of pollen allergy is that allergic people contain an immunoglobulin called IGE. The combination of pollen and IGE can degranulate mast cells and release histamine, which can increase the capillary permeability of the body, cause mucosal edema, increase gland secretion and itch the skin. So people who are allergic to pollen will have itchy eyes, nose, ear mucosa and skin. Patients with allergic rhinitis will show sneezing and runny nose. If the bronchial mucosa is allergic, the patient will have asthma symptoms.
10, cosmetic allergy
Cosmetics can cause allergies, such as redness, swelling, heat, pain and blisters. From a medical point of view, if you are allergic to a certain cosmetic, you'd better not use it. But sometimes it is inseparable from life, such as middle-aged and elderly people dyeing their hair and professional women wearing light makeup. At this time, the most scientific method is to fundamentally improve the allergic constitution.
Allergic reaction, also known as hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis, refers to the abnormal or pathological immune reaction after the body is stimulated by the same antigen again. The incidence of allergic diseases accounts for about 20% of the population, which can occur at all ages, from newborns to middle-aged and elderly people. There is no obvious gender tendency, but there is an obvious genetic tendency.
1 1, allergic immediately.
Immediate allergic reaction is a common allergic reaction, which mainly includes respiratory allergic reaction, digestive allergic reaction, skin allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock. The main symptoms are allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, allergic gastroenteritis, eczema, urticaria, macula, papules, scratches, atopic dermatitis, wheal rash, itchy skin and other allergic skin diseases.
12, air allergy
Pollen, dust mites, catkins, cold air, etc. Can cause allergic rhinitis. The main symptoms are continuous sneezing, a lot of runny nose, stuffy nose, itchy nose, itchy throat, itchy external auditory canal and so on. Some are perennial, others are seasonal. At the onset, the turbinate is swollen, moist, pale and smooth.
13, food allergy
Some people may have gastrointestinal allergies after eating fish, shrimp, crab, eggs, milk and other foods or taking certain drugs, mainly manifested as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and other symptoms. 4J