If there were no bad weather, could Napoleon and Hitler occupy Russia?
In other words, in the Napoleonic era, due to the lack of human productivity, it was greatly influenced by the environment. But in Hitler's era, the second industrial revolution has been completed for 40 years, and the productivity is by no means comparable to that of Napoleon's era more than 20 years ago. Therefore, the reasons for Hitler's failure to attack the Soviet Union are various, and the cold weather is only a small factor.
Excluding the influence of this environment on Nazi Germany and the main reasons for Nazi Germany's defeat in the Soviet Union, Wolff personally thinks that there are the following points.
First of all, the Soviet Union made full preparations for the war. Before the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, the Soviet Union was not unprepared and unprepared for the German Blitzkrieg, as we all know. At that time, the Soviet Union knew clearly that it would go to war with Germany. Although a non-aggression treaty has already been signed, the tense nerves of the Soviet Union have not relaxed for a moment. When Germany harvested Western Europe,
The Soviet Union established a defense line on the eastern front of Germany by various means.
At the same time, the Soviet Union also actively expanded its military war. From 1939 to 1940, the total Soviet military production increased by 30% year-on-year. The number of infantry divisions has also increased from 98 to 303; The number of mechanized divisions has actually increased by 9, and it is planned to increase to 29; The number of Soviet troops increased rapidly from 6.5438+0.94 million to 4.7 million. Before the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, the Soviet Red Army had grown into a giant.
Second, the Soviet Union has a complete heavy industry system. During the Soviet-German War, although the Soviet Union lost a large number of important heavy industrial areas at the beginning of the war, it had long understood that eggs could not be put in one basket. Heavy industry is distributed all over the country, which effectively ensures the normal progress of the war. The complete industrial system makes it unnecessary for the Soviet Union to rely too much on foreign aid, but to rely on its own military production, which is enough to supply the arms needs of the armed forces.
Take the battle of Stalingrad, the key battle of World War II, as an example. At that time, in order not to be noticed by the Germans, almost all the troops deployed by the Soviet Union in Stalingrad to besiege the Germans came from the rear, and the main equipment of the attack was tanks, and even one was not deployed from the front. The tanks participating in the war were all newly produced in the factory, and then the tank soldiers just trained by the tank school next to them went directly to the front.
Third, the Soviet-German front is too long and the German logistics supply is weak. What did the Germans do to sweep the countries in World War II? Blitzkrieg swept through western European countries with extremely fast attack speed. When I was in soviet strike, I also showed great power. Initially surrounded and annihilated more than 3 million Soviet troops. However, when Germany faces a country with a vast border, such as the Soviet Union, the rapid attack speed means leaving the follow-up troops, and what is more dangerous is the lack of logistical supplies.
Berlin is more than 0/500 kilometers away from Moscow/Kloc. Even though Germany used Warsaw as a transit base for logistics supply at that time, the straight-line distance from the front line of the war still exceeded 1200 km. Moreover, at that time, the train tracks in the Soviet Union and Germany were not so wide. When the Soviet Union retreated, the locomotives and carriages were completely destroyed, which made Germany unable to rely on railway transportation in a short time and could only rely on inefficient road transportation, resulting in weak logistics support for the German army.
Fourth, Germans are blind and confident. In the later stage, they said it was the weather. In fact, when Germany was fighting the Soviet Union, it was easy for Western Europe to fight, thinking that the Soviet Union could be solved before winter came. As a result, there are not many cotton-padded clothes in winter. When the war dragged on into the cold winter, the Germans were faced with a shortage of supplies, and the limited supply capacity gave priority to transporting war necessities such as weapons and ammunition, which made German soldiers have to face the cold winter. This is actually a decision-making mistake of the German leadership.
In the second year of the Soviet-German War, the German tactics remained unchanged, and the central bloc made a sudden advance, and the vassal state troops flanked both sides and attacked the key cities of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union improved its tactics, attracted the German main force with the city, then gathered its forces to attack from the German wings, defeated the German servant country army, and then surrounded and annihilated the German main force. This was the case in the Battle of Stalingrad. The German army finally lost, which was also the beginning of German failure.
Therefore, during the Soviet-German War, the weather factor was already a negligible factor. It is incorrect to say that the environment has no influence, but it is also one-sided to say that the environment is the key factor. Germany's failure was caused by many reasons.