Who is bigger, Shangshu, Assistant Minister and Yuanwailang? Who are the officials?
Shangshu, the name of a senior government official in China during the feudal period, was equivalent to a minister of various ministries. In the Qing Dynasty, the main officials of Liubu and Li Fan Academy were called Shangshu. For example, the minister of punishment is now the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Public Security. Beginning in the Qin Dynasty, following the order of ministers in the Western Han Dynasty, he was originally an official in charge of documents and ministers' seals.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a eunuch (also known as the official of the Secretariat), and when Han became emperor, he was changed to a scholar. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, government affairs belonged to Shangshu, and Shangshuling became the first of all government decrees responsible to the monarch. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was actually the post of Prime Minister. In the early Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, the king of Qin, once held his post, but he never left. So the governor of Shangshu Province in the Tang Dynasty was just a servant. In the Song Dynasty, he was a prince and an envoy, and his shifts were all in official positions. Eliminate waste.
Assistant minister, official name. A kind of Langguan in Han Dynasty was originally a court attendant. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shang Shu became an official. He was called a doctor at first, Shang Shulang for one year and assistant minister for three years. Since the Tang Dynasty, all ministries in Zhongshu, Xiamen and Shangshu provinces have taken assistant ministers as their deputies, and their official positions have gradually increased. It is equivalent to the current ministerial level and deputy ministerial level.
Yuanwailang, one of the ancient official positions in China, originally referred to a Langguan who was located outside the official position. In the Sui Dynasty, there was a Yuan Wailang in each of the twenty-four divisions of Shangshu Province, who was the second official of each division, equivalent to the deputy division, and the doctor was the general division.
Extended data:
Qing dynasty control:
Following the tradition of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty set up six departments (officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, criminals and workers), and the heads of each department (university students, ministers, assistant ministers, etc.). ) is called the hall official, while the doctor, the foreign minister, the principal and seven small Beijing officials below the principal are called the department officials.
In addition to the six departments, the central administrative institutions established side by side with the six departments are: Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Taibu Temple, Split Temple, imperial academy, Qin, Hanlin Academy, Tai Hospital, Lifan Academy, Zongren House, Zhanshi House and Interior House.
The setting of the six departments is the same as that of the Ming Dynasty. But there are three changes.
First, six officials were reinstated, that is, if there are Han members, there must be full staff. The same is true of ministers and assistant ministers, as well as officials. Generally speaking, the official handprint is full, and the job is for Han people. There is also a pen-paste style, which means clerical officer in Manchu, specially designed for writing essays, and is served by Manchu, Mongolian and Han banners (all temples have settings).
Second, some adjustments have been made to the affiliated institutions. For example, the Ministry of Housing has 14 offices and the Ministry of Punishment has 18 offices.
Third, its authority is less than that of the Six Departments of the Ming Dynasty. For example, part of the personnel rights of the official department are transferred to the military department. The Ministry of War doesn't ask about the Eight Banners' military and political affairs. green camp's specific affairs are checked by our company, and military mobilization and life will be levied. It belongs to the emperor and comes from the military department. The Ministry of Industry is in charge of engineering construction, but important projects such as the Yellow River and seawalls are scheduled by the emperor, and the Ministry of Industry does not ask.
During the Qianlong period, the music department was added in addition to the six. The Music Department manages the big sacrifice ceremony, the performance of the big dynasty and the examination and approval of musical instruments. Minister of music. Conducted the music department, and the sound department and entertainment department.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Shangshu
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-assistant minister
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuanwailang