How to observe the clouds and measure the weather?

This must first identify the cloud. You can read books on atmospheric exploration. Mr. Yun has three species, 10 genera and 29 species. However, there are two main types that can produce precipitation, one is nimbostratus clouds, and the other is cumulonimbus clouds, which can produce continuous rain and thunderstorms respectively. The intensity of precipitation is related to cloud cover, cloud thickness, and the intensity of convection development. Cumulonimbus: It is a tall and massive convective cloud. The cotton-like clouds you see in summer are Cumulus Congestus, which is the early stage of Cumulonimbus. When it matures, you will see dark clouds overhead and bright sky. This kind of cloud usually appears in summer. Nimbostratus clouds, densely gray and dark all over the sky, uniformly thick and opaque. It usually produces continuous precipitation, often with fast-moving broken rain clouds underneath. For example, cirrostratus clouds indicate the arrival of a weather system, lenticular altocumulus indicates fine weather, castellated stratocumulus indicates convective weather, and so on. Also, you can refer to some meteorological proverbs. Such as clouds in the sky, rain on the ground, etc.~~. These all belong to the category of atmospheric science. If you are interested, you can read professional books.

Haha, I am a meteorologist, I hope I can solve your problem~~