Complete religious aggression in China's modern history, such as Cao Zhou's religious plans.
under the protection of the treaty system, missionaries from western capitalist countries flocked to China. Since 1846, Catholicism
has set up three dioceses in Macao, Nanjing and Beijing, and set up acting dioceses in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Huguang, Jiangxi, Yunnan and Hong Kong. By the end of the 19th century, there were 8 Catholic missionaries and 7, Christians in China. The number of Christian priests in China increased from p>31 in 44 years to 1,5 at the end of 19th century, with about 8, followers. In addition, Russian Orthodox Christians also poured into the eastern and northern regions of China. The essence of the "people-religion" conflict created by Missionary VII in China is the struggle between aggression and anti-aggression, slavery and anti-slavery, oppression and anti-oppression, conquest and anti-conquest, which can never be simply attributed to "cultural conflict". When foreign missionaries came to China, they first built acres: churches. Jianshi church includes "returning the church" and "building a chapter". The so-called "returning the church" means forcibly returning the churches such as Tianfeng, which were confiscated by the Qing government before the Opium War. After several decades, the original churches no longer exist. Missionaries rely on their privileges, or they stubbornly refer to the church of the year as the one owned by the gentry, forcing the people to give it back, or "guild halls, offices and an tang" or "substitute for churches". Such incidents occur from time to time in Jinan, Tai 'an and other places in Shandong.
The so-called "building a church" means building a new church wherever missionaries go. The missionary's "seeking land and real estate, without consulting the local officials first, forcing the deed < P > to be signed" has almost spread all over the country. The most typical example is the "Chongzhou Teaching Plan". In the late 198s,
Johann Baptist von Anzer, the founder of the German Episcopal Church, attempted to establish the Yan3L Church in Lunan, the birthplace of Confucianism. The German missionary's "building a church" was
naturally resisted by the Shandong people, who angrily expelled Johann Baptist von Anzer and his German consul. The establishment of a church in Yanzhou by Germany was not realized until the Juye religious case occurred in 1897, relying on its own military strength.
Attachment: 1 Yanzhou Teaching Plan: The location of the North Campus of Yanzhou Campus in qufu normal, Shandong Province was originally the site of Yanzhou Church. The area of Yanzhou Church in that year was reported to be 368 meters long from north to south and 216 meters wide from east to west. It was one of the largest Catholic churches in China at that time. Today, the remaining buildings of Yanzhou church are only a small part of the hierarch building at its northern end. The luxury and magnificence of the church can be called a landscape of Yanzhou and its surrounding areas. It is this Yanzhou church that once broke out a Yanzhou religious plan that shocked China and foreign countries in the process of historical construction. It also wrote a bloody page of Yanzhou people in ancient China.
Yanzhou Church was originally creatively built by a German missionary, Johann Baptist von Anzer, in the 12th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 1886). First, he secretly bought a house named Lu family in Yanzhou city as a missionary place. After this incident was discovered by the local authorities, a huge anti-Westernization wave was set off in Yanzhou City, led by Tang Patent, a wise man in Yanzhou. They not only organized people to post slogans everywhere, such as "slay traitors to clear up civil strife, expel foreign religions to calm foreign worries", but also picked up sticks and patrolled everywhere, threatening to cut off their ears and cut off their hands when they saw those who spread foreign religions. Scared Johann Baptist von Anzer and others fled before they could do more.
A year later, An Zhitai came to Yanzhou again to buy a house and build a church. This time, he bought a family's house base to build a church. As a result, the people blocked the city gate and shouted for catching the traitor who bought the house. Not only did the church not be built, but a test shed was built on the house base where the church was built as quickly as possible.
Yanzhou people resolutely refused to build a church in the city. The then Prime Minister's yamen, that is, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Qing government, explained this: "China believed in the teachings of Confucius and was extremely respected. Yanzhou is the hometown of Confucius, and it is also the fundamental place of Confucianism. If you want to build a church there, not only the local people will be indignant, but also the people in the world will be shocked." In the words of the local people, foreign religions belong to crooked religions, which are a scourge of confusing people and deviant. Therefore, in any case, Yanzhou, which is close to the hometown of Confucius, must not let them build churches casually. Therefore, despite several plans and attempts to build churches here in various ways, either people were beaten out of the city or the temporary missionary sites were demolished overnight.
Until 189, An Zhitai returned to Germany and was received by Emperor Tuo, and obtained the right to protect religion in Shandong. Therefore, German minister Si Gen made a special trip to Yanzhou and threatened to build a church here. As a result, there was another storm against the construction of churches in Yanzhou city immediately. After the people in the city and the countryside learned the news, "the number of people in the street is countless,,,,, just like the rolling sea water fluctuates, and the horse washing ground is like a yellow honeycomb. People try their best to drill there, where weapons are distributed and plots are planned." The deafening rough bawls and gongs and drums came and went, scaring the German minister to flee again without even saying a few words.
until later, accompanied by a bunch of senior officials, An Zhitai led a group of people to Yanzhou. The local people simply ignored that and swarmed around them. Even Yao Xiezan, a local official and Taoist priest of Yanyi Cao Ji, dare not promise face to face. As a result, one of Anzhitai's entourage expressed dissatisfaction when he went out, causing public anger. The entourage was beaten by the masses on the spot, and the county grandfather was directly pushed under the table. Anzhitai was dragged out of the sedan chair and got a bad beating. In the words of the local officials at that time, "the people are United as one, and there is a tendency to die without regret."
The confrontation of Yanzhou Church has been going on for ten years, but the local people just didn't let foreigners build churches here. Then in 1895. At that time, Germany was looking for a reason to carve up China. In an official document submitted to Emperor Yu, it was publicly stated that Yanzhou would not allow the construction of a church, which could be the reason for the attack. The weak corrupt rulers of the Qing Dynasty had to make concessions after the German armed occupation of Qingdao, and at that time there was a Juye religious case that killed German missionaries. Germany gained colonial rights in Shandong. In 1897, the Yanzhou church case, which lasted for ten years, finally came to an end. With the weakness and humiliation of the country, under the armed protection of the Qing government, the German rulers finally built a large-scale Catholic church in Yanzhou city.
2 Cao Zhou religious case: a case caused by the conflict between the masses and German missionaries in Juye County, Cao Zhou, Shandong Province in 1897. Also known as Caozhou religious plan. It was one of the major religious plans at that time. After the incident, the Qing government was forced to sign the Jiaoao Concession Treaty with Germany. In the 199s, German imperialism actively expanded to the Far East. In 189, it won the protection right of Runander missionaries from the French, and tried its best to use missionaries to serve its aggression. From 1896 to 1897, Germany twice asked the Qing government to lease JIAOZHOU Bay, but both were rejected. Kaiser William I wanted to resort to force, but Prime Minister Henrik Hohendo advised him to be patient, thinking that the problem of religious plans in 12 years could be used as an excuse for German action.
The public in Cao Zhou are always dissatisfied with German missionaries' instigation of parishioners to oppress the people. On the night of November 1, 1897, Hui Chaoxian, Lei Jishen and others went to Mopan zhang jia zhuang Church in Juye County to kill Franciscan and Han Li, missionaries of the German Episcopal Church who stayed in the church. At the same time, incidents of destroying churches, beating priests and parishioners occurred in Shouzhang, Jining, Shanxian and Chengwu counties. After the case happened, the Qing government immediately sent a Taoist official to investigate and deal with it. However, on November 6, Germany ordered the German navy prefect Dillis stationed in Wusong to lead the fleet to JIAOZHOU Bay to occupy key passes, cities and other strongholds. On November 1th, Hai Jing, German envoy to China, made six unreasonable demands to the Qing government, which accepted them all and signed the Jiaoao Concession Treaty. Shandong Governor Li Bingheng was dismissed; Compensation for the loss of 3, taels of silver for the church, 3 churches (each with a cost of 66, taels of silver) and 7 priests' houses (with a cost of 24, taels of silver) on behalf of the Chinese side; Order to protect German priests; Hui Chaoxian and Lei Jishen were executed, and Xiao Shengye and others were imprisoned for 5 years; Germany is allowed to lease JIAOZHOU bay for 99 years, and enjoys the privilege of building JIAOZHOU-JIAOZHOU railway and mining 3 miles of minerals along the route. Thus Shandong became the sphere of influence of Germany.