What achievements did Yue Fei make in resisting gold?
On Yue Fei's Achievements from the Book of Jin
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Looking at Yue Fei from another angle —— Yue Fei in Jin Shi and its analysis.
I read a lot of posts about Yue Fei before, but most of them came from The History of Song Dynasty and Yue Chuan to explain Yue Fei's resistance to gold. Up to now, I have rarely found any discussion on Yue Fei from the perspective of Jin Dynasty. Today, I will focus on the history of the Jin Dynasty, refer to historical materials such as the history of the Song Dynasty, research Yue Fei's military actions, and make some comments on history:
(A) Yue Fei in the "Stone" in the historical materials
The battle between Yue Fei and 8 Jin J was mainly in the Zaixi Zongchao, so we had to refer to Xi Zongji:
"On December 1st of Tian Juan's third year, Marshal Zong Bi said that Song Jiang Yuefei, Zhang Jun and Han Shizhong led the troops to cross the river and ordered people to attack." What is said here is the military action of the Song Dynasty after the Jin Army recovered the land in Henan and Shaanxi, which was once returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. Take an examination of Biography of Yue Fei in Song Dynasty 124, because it is recorded in Biography of Yue Fei that Shaoxing was as fast as possible for three years and Shaoxing for ten years. "Ten years, the Jin people attacked the arch, captured it, and Liu Kun was anxious, and ordered him to fly to Zhang Xian and Zhang Fei. The history of the Song Dynasty is consistent with that of the Jin Dynasty. Zhang Junchuan (128) records that "Li Qiong was in Bozhou for ten years, and Jun took the army as his father. They all controlled Wang De to leave, and they pushed the victory to the point of harmony. Jun led the army into the city, Jin people abandoned the city, and the elders listed fragrant flowers to welcome him, so they returned to Bozhou and stayed there. Jun led the army back to Shouchun and entered Shao Shi to help the country. "Visible Zhang Jun took part in the military action in the north. Textual Research Biography 123 Biography of Han Shizhong "Ten years later, Jin people lost contact, and (Wan Yanzong Bi) led deserters and Li Cheng to break through the three capitals, and they parted ways from now on. In August, Shi Zhong surrounded Huaiyang, and Jin people came to rescue him. Shizhong joined forces in Yikou Town and was defeated. He also sent Yuan to attack the Jin people in Tancheng and Liu Bao to attack the lake, all of which were successful. "The history of Song and Jin recorded by these three people is consistent in time and can be regarded as a reliable history.
Textual Research on the History of Song Dynasty 26 The Ten-year History of Emperor Gaozong Shaoxing In June, Han Shizhong Taibao, Zhang Shi, Yue Fei Shaobao, Yuzhou and Lu were recruited. ",once again confirmed the credibility of the" golden history "records.
(2) Yue Fei's historical materials in The Biography of Wan Yanzong Bi.
In Yue Fei's main military action, the Jin Dynasty's most powerful opponent was Wan Yan Zongbi, so Zongbi's biography deserves attention. The record of Yue Fei in the case of 77 Cases of Bi Biography in Jin History is as follows, which is related to the three-year incident, that is, "the case of Bi changed from Liyang to the border, and the right prison army left to drink." Song and Han Shizhong, according to the main points of Henan counties, returned to Hedong, stationed in Lan, Shihe, to contain each other. Zong Bi sent Kong Yan thoughtful, Zhengzhou, Wang Bolong to Luoyang, and Li Cheng led the crowd to take Bozhou and Shunchang, but Song and Ru were inferior. In the summer, Zongbi returned to the army at the edge, Yue Fei and others withdrew, and Henan Taiping, the first class was three years. "Yue Fei has been mentioned twice here, but this record is debatable. Because at least there is no record of well-known wars such as Shunchang, Yancheng and Yingchang, and there is no trace at all, only a sentence like "In the summer, Zongbi returned to the army at the edge, Yue Fei withdrew, and Henan was peaceful" was mentioned. At this time, people will ask whether The History of Jin is in danger of ruin, so don't worry. It is very difficult to forge such a large history book from many people. Even if it is not in this biography, it will be found in other biographies. As long as you check it carefully, I think this situation has something to do with the compilation of the History of Jin relying too much on the records of Jin Dynasty. We'll see later.
(3) Other biographical historical materials about Yue Fei.
(1) Biography of Wang Bolong in the History of Jin Dynasty (Volume 8 1) recorded a piece of historical data in the battle with Wan Yanzong Bi in the south, that is, "the army passed the quarry and defeated Yue Fei, Liu Li, Lu Shang and other soldiers, and gained millions of straws." This is the historical data of defeating Yue Fei in Jin history. In the same book "The Biography of Zong Bi", it is recorded that "twenty miles west of Jiangning, the Song Dynasty rushed to ride sixty thousand soldiers and refused to fight. They will make up for it, fight for the sea, fight for the tiger and break it." How about comparing the history of the Song Dynasty? According to the Biography of Yue Fei, "When the time came, Jin people fought with others for the Wujiang River, but stayed behind closed doors. Please see the teacher when you cry, but you can't fill it in. The Jin people then crossed the river by Majiadu, (Du) charged and sent them to fight. Wang You fled first, and everyone was defeated and fought alone. " The History of Song Dynasty only talks about Yue Fei's "happeneth", not the result.
However, it was later recorded that "money should be confiscated, and you plundered many times, but the expenses did nothing." In order to highlight the strict discipline of Yue Fei's army, this incident shows that he is also "retiring" the army. But this battle is not Yue Fei's responsibility. After all, he is not a general.
(2) Volume 84 "Biography of Hong Yan 'ang" in "The History of Jin" (this Jane) records that "in the first year of the family, the general of the town was rewarded, except Dongping Yin. Next summer, Song Jiang Yuefei will take 100,000 soldiers to attack Dongping, claiming to be a million. Dongping had five thousand soldiers, so he rushed out of the imperial army. When he was a monk, Ang made many flags in the forest, thinking that the soldiers were suspicious, so he went ahead with elite soldiers. The fly didn't dare to move. After several days of stalemate, it retreated. Corner soldiers attacked Qingkou, and the flying man sailed against the current. It rains every day, and Ang is attached to the water camp. The night will be over half, and suddenly people will go north. The generals remonstrated:' The sergeant is far away in the mud, hungry and without food, and it is difficult to walk.' Anger should not be angered, and the drums should be sounded to supervise it, and the order said:' Beat the drums, and dare to cut them later. "Then abandon camp, dozens of miles. That night, the Song people came to rob the camp and left without income. Generals will congratulate them and ask them why. Ang said:' Those who go downstream will go; People who go upstream will seduce me and chase me. It's raining heavily and muddy today. The boat is safe. I work on land. The soldiers are hungry, their bows and arrows are weak, and our army is in a dirty place, so it is inconvenient, so it will attack me. "Everyone calls it good. Yue Fei was in a hurry. One hundred thousand soldiers surrounded Pizhou, and there were only one thousand soldiers in the city. The garrison commander was afraid and sent for help. Leon said,' Shut your mouth. I have tasted shrimp skin. There is a deep ravine in the southwest corner of the city, so we can realize it quickly. Keep the commander's instruction and fill in. Knowing that he was prepared, Yue entered from here and stopped. Li Ang soldiers thought they were United and retreated like flying. "
I am convinced of this historical material. At least after reading this biography, Yue Fei has no war in my mind.
The invincible image disappeared. Later, I read a lot of books about this problem. Generally speaking, scholars of Song and Jin Dynasties generally avoided this question. Deng Guangming's Biography of Yue Fei did not mention this problem. Other scholars of Song history denied this statement and thought that the number of years was wrong, because Tian Ju was the year of Song and Jin peace talks. At that time, under the leadership of Wan Yanchang, the Jin Dynasty made peace with the Song Dynasty and promised to give the land of Song, Henan and Shaanxi. In other words, there was no war between the Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, and Yue Fei Biography, the history of the Song Dynasty, became Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty for nine years at the earliest. That year, Yue Fei just reminded Song Gaozong not to make peace, and the ruler might betray the alliance. There is no combat record. However, there are mistakes in the History of Jin Dynasty, so people who manage the history of Liao and Jin Dynasties often adopt a vague attitude. For example, in Zhou Feng's Biography of Yan Yanliang, Yan Yanliang "fought against Yue Fei, a general of the Song Dynasty" and took an examination of Jin history and geography. Dongping was Yunzhou in the Song Dynasty, and Pizhou was the Huaiyang Army in the Song Dynasty. However, there is no record in the Biography of Yue Fei that he has been to these two places. I've been thinking about this question for a long time, because there are no new historical materials (I only have books such as History of Song Dynasty, History of Jin Dynasty, and History of Continuing Education as a Mirror), so I can only continue to take the exam. But it is also posted here as a record about Yue Fei.
(3) The History of Jin (Volume 68) Biography of Lubua records that "Zongbi recovered Henan, helped the river first, settled the counties, and then returned to Deyin and Henan Road. Song Bing came to take the land of Yuzhou, was summoned by Zong Kui, and together with Xu Chang, Yingzhou Dachau and Chi Zhanhui, they all met on the side branch and went it alone. The generals of the Song Dynasty included Yue Fei and Liu Guangshi. If it takes advantage of the three States of Xuying, all the neighboring counties will respond. " This is a matter of three years as soon as possible, and the "geographical" cases in the history of the Jin Dynasty "Xu Zhou, Xia Chang" belong to our time. Zhong, a native of Xuchang County, is the prefect of Song Yingchang. "It's Song Zhiyingchang, and Yancheng is under his jurisdiction." Chen Zhou, next, defends. Huaiyang County and Town, Song Huaining Prefecture ""Yingzhou, Xiaxia, Defence. Ruyin county, Song Shunchang prefecture. "Visible yue fei really recovered Yingchang and Yancheng. However, this historical data also has problems. Shunchang was in the hands of Song Jun. 125 Liu Kun's biography of the Song Dynasty records that "in ten years (Shaoxing), Jin people returned to Sanjing, served as Tokyo's deputy envoy to stay behind and control the army. There are only 37,000 people in the Eight-character Army under his command, and 3,000 electricians will be sent, all of them with corpses, staying at the edge and staying at their hometown in Shunchang. "Shunchang does not belong to 8 jin j, Jin Shi Liu Yong as Liu Guangshi is also wrong. It can be confirmed that the record of Zongbi Biography is not true.
(4) The History of Jin (Volume 82) The Biography of Servant Scattering and Hun recorded that "I tried my best for two years, but refused the Song Dynasty. Huntan led 60 troops and went deep into the service. He arrived in Yanling and defeated more than 700 Song soldiers, many of whom were captured. " Two of them should be three years' mistakes. Textual research on Jin History and geography: Yanling is under the jurisdiction of Nanjing (Kaifeng) and should be north of Yingchang. Many people regard it as evidence of the great victory in Zhuxian Town. They think that Yanling is in the south of Zhuxian Town, and Song Jun's grain protection team appears in the south of Zhuxian Town, so of course he has it. There are two views in the history circle of Song Dynasty. Deng Guangming believes. Mr. Deng Guangming did not find out the record of Zhu Xian's triumph from a large number of historical books of the Song Dynasty, but only denied it in the book The Nazi Party of Jin Tuo.
"A General History of China" records that "the records of Song people are not totally groundless, but they may just be a chance encounter, but York and others have infinitely exaggerated the results". Personally, when approaching Kaifeng, Jin took the initiative to attack and conduct in-depth reconnaissance, which can prove that the 8 Jin Army did not completely lose its morale as recorded by some Song people.
(5) There is such a historical material in the Biography of Yue Fei in the History of Song Dynasty that Fei Naipai Wang Gui, Niu Hao, Dong Xian, Yang Zaixing, Meng Bangjie and Li Bao are distributed in Xijing, Ru, Zheng, Yingchang, Chen, Cao, Guang and Cai counties. He also ordered Liang Xing to cross the river, correct the Loyalty Society, and take Hedong and Zhou Bei counties. "
"thomas lee, Hu Qing, Li Bao, Li Xing, Zhang En, Sun Qi, etc." Let's take a look at the records of these people in the Jin history.
Li Xing all the way, the history of Jin (volume 79) and the biography of Li See recorded that "Zongbi took Henan again and Henan again. Lead the army into Jin Meng. Prosperity attracts many thin cities, clamoring for a good fight, and it should not be. As soon as the sun went down, the soldiers were tired and hungry, so they opened the door and slammed. "
Later, the two sides fought in Luoyang and quoted Mr. Tao Jinsheng's article Yue Fei and Wan Yanzong Bi. "In July, yue fei department, drought qing back to xiking, li cheng to escape. Li Chengshu was defeated by Li Xing and turned to Zongbi for help. Zong Bi sent tens of thousands of reinforcements to Fan Hanjun. Li Xing was outnumbered and abandoned the city for Yongning baimashan. "It can be seen that the two sides are in a stalemate after repeated struggles.
Li Bao and Meng Bangjie's two paths can be found in Xu Wenchuan. "Zong Bi recovered Henan, Wen Bian Song was put in Puyang, and Meng Bangjie was in Dengfeng." It can be seen that all the roads sent by Yue Fei are not smooth sailing.
(6) The Biography of Yue Fei in the Song Dynasty records that after the Jin Dynasty learned the news of Yue Fei's triumph, the people in the north surged. "The name of Fu Jie, the commander of Jin Shuai Wuling, was uncontrollable, but the Oracle said,' Don't act rashly, and Yue Jiajun will surrender as soon as he arrives.' ",Wuling Simou did not preach in the history of Jin, and his name was Wu Zan Mo. I refer to Zhou Feng's exploration of Wu Alin Zanmo, a ritual system in the early Jin Dynasty, which was quoted from Daikin Guozhi and Three Dynasties North Alliance Compilation. There will be similar records within three years as soon as possible (1 140) ". As soon as I called my father and elders to court, I said,' Do you know the man who broke Wanshan Town? Southern Song Dynasty loyalist? Taihang thief? Father and elder all said,' Taihang thief. Simou said,' Since we know that it is not the army of the Southern Song Dynasty, we should advise your children and hedges to be careful and not to act rashly, for fear that thieves will not be able to protect themselves and harm all sentient beings. If the Southern Song army comes, you don't have to wait for us. I should correct the people in the county and open the door to Julian Waghann. "So the wine dispersed. After the civil strife in the vault, Simou roared in the Taihang, swarmed in, tossed and turned all night, or sat on his skirt, sighing,' What a pity, officer, you are prepared to take risks to win the world, and now several boys have broken down. I don't know where I died. Officials are so sticky. At the beginning of land distribution, with the big river as the boundary, it was widely rumored in the north that Nandi personally went to war, and the people often secretly formed a party and secretly bought military equipment for a rainy day. Counties along the Yangtze River are particularly puzzled by rumors. As for strikes during the day or wearing clothes at night, it is windy. When thinking, you should keep Hanoi, when you are in a hurry, when you are in danger, you are always worried, and all the good is destroyed by the righteous. Therefore, in the name of caressing the Oracle, I tied my heart to the other side and spread it to the Song Dynasty, thinking that I would put my ear first. ""
It can be seen that under the military action of Yue Fei's northward movement, some people did riot in the north, but Wu Zanmo succeeded in keeping his garrison with his own wisdom. I'm afraid the "surrender" mentioned in the biography of Yue Fei refers to this, but it is a trick to stabilize the people's feelings and then divide and disintegrate, while the biography of Yue Fei regards him as the prestige of Yue Jiajun. It's a little inappropriate.
(7) The History of Jin (Volume 66) The Biography of Hong Yanzong's Revision records that "Zongbi recovered Henan, and Zongxiu and Hailing all went to the former army. In the Song Dynasty, Yue Fei's army was placed between Bo and Su, and Zong Xiu rode 3,000 soldiers to seize the important place, so he fought with all the armies and lost. " However, according to the biography of Yue Fei, "When the teacher arrived in Luzhou, the nomads from the army fled. The soldiers who fly back to Shu are given by the emperor, so they should be cautious and respectful, and they can't retreat. Wu Shu broke Haozhou, and Zhang Jun was stationed in Huanglian Town, afraid to enter; Yang Yizhong was defeated and the emperor ordered him to fly to save him. Hearing this, the Jin people fled again. " It shows that Yue Fei didn't fight Jin Jun in this battle. At that time, the troops in this area were General Song, Zhang Jun, Wang De and Yang Yizhong. Zongxiu should have defeated their army.
(8) In the eyes of the rulers, Yue Fei was killed because of jealousy, not Qin Gui. -see "biography of Hong Yan gang", volume 98.
At this time, Jin Song launched a military operation in Jin Zhangzong, Song Ningzong, and in the Song Dynasty, it was violently countered by 8 Jin Army, and it was defeated again and again. The ruler extended the war to the territory of the Song Dynasty, captured the general Wu of the Song Dynasty and sent him a surrender letter. The book first describes Wu Xizu's first record, "When you are the father of Wu 'an, you should guard the two rivers. "wuyue Wang Shun's successor has great honor, he is a great commander in the world. So I abandoned the western soil, supplemented by growing up, and vowed to take rivers and mountains. Even if his descendants are eliminated, they will still be the tenth generation. However, those who are slightly frightened are in danger, and those who contribute to the world are not rewarded. This has been the case since ancient times, not just today. " Then, from Wu's personal point of view, he thinks everywhere, explaining his distrust of Song Emperor and comparing it with Yue Fei. Fei's fame and exploits are violent in both the north and the south. Once he saw jealousy and was punished by three foreigners, but he was not afraid.
Therefore, the wise keep pace with the times, and the wise follow the trend. He doesn't doubt others, but is often afraid that he can't protect his leader. If he keeps up with the times, he will turn disaster into pleasure and build an immortal career! "
Wu soon surrendered gold, which showed the power of surrender, but also exposed Yue Fei's position in the Jin Dynasty, which was "outstanding in meritorious service". The Jin Dynasty people had a broader vision than the Song Dynasty people, and directly accused the Song Dynasty emperor of his distrust and suspicion of military commanders. Qin Gui was just the catalyst for the emperor to kill Yue Fei.
(3) Evaluation
The issue of Yue Fei has been debated for a long time, but it is still inconclusive. Many people think that Yue Fei can recover the Central Plains by himself. I don't agree. Although Yue Fei is a great hero, he can't be deified. Why not? Liao, Song, Xixia and Jin Dynasties were the second great division period in China's history. Now we are praising unity, but we can't ignore the rationality of the division of that era. The ethnic contradictions in that era were extremely sharp, and the weakness of the Song Dynasty made the Jin Dynasty very easy to succeed, which surprised many people who were keen on comparing "comprehensive national strength". However, we have to ignore a problem. The southern song dynasty completely inherited the mantle of the northern song dynasty and carried a lot of corruption factors. Please refer to the following records in the general inspection of literature:
"Xu Hutian, mostly self-governing, was once in Zhejiang and was transferred to Fengju. He won in Jiangdong, Cai Jing and Qin Gui successively. Maybe today's fields and lakes in the past only know that the water in the lake can be sold as fields, but they don't know that the fields outside the lake will become specialized and become water. Everyone in charge is close to the powerful minister, worrying about commissions, selfishness and being trapped, and will never ask again. "
"Since the beggar's sect ZTE, the funds of the imperial court have been trapped. We can't help but make a name for ourselves in order to win counties and counties, such as the general system and the monthly accumulation of money. Counties and counties have limited power and can't help but make a name for themselves in order to win people, such as glutinous rice and money. "
"It has its own heaven and earth, but it is richer than today", "Abusing its people" and "The people are demanding and cannot be punished". When the country needs to unite the people, it also cruelly searches for the people, causing people's resentment to boil. How can it win?
"Press, after the establishment of Jizhongxing, the enemy is weak and the enemy is strong, and it has been defeated repeatedly. In this way, those who are partial to the king will be arrogant and lazy, and the military and political affairs will be indifferent. " The general "must attach importance to his officials, and the two towns must be heavy." "When you go to his house, you will be full of gold and silk, and you will eat jinyi meat." The composition of the army "... tax avoidance, avoiding the door, accepting bribes, and demanding the loyalty of officials. If you commit a crime, you are afraid of being caught, violating the imperial examination and losing your career. Then there are hard-working villagers, people with various skills, people with skills and people with music and drama. So those who gather together are not sheltered by power? Isn't it beneficial to gather together? "How to play such an army? It is destined that only a hero like Yue Fei can fight tenaciously in this corrupt environment and create some military miracles for the Southern Song Dynasty without the support of the whole country. When it came to the imperial power gradually consolidated in the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong restricted generals with rulers, and once there were signs of breaking the balance, he could not be spared punishment.
Yue Fei also had an influence on the rulers. Because of his strong resistance, the rulers had to carry out constant reforms. We found that around March of Yue Fei, a series of new policies of the Jin Dynasty surfaced, including "establishing a new system as soon as possible", "reforming the imperial system" and "Zheng Long official system", which gradually established the policies of agriculture and the Central Plains. The situation of northern people's resistance to gold tends to ease, production begins to resume, and population begins to increase.
Article source: Iron Blood Forum
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-Author: Long live science
-Release date: September 2, 2005 17: 45: 00.
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"The policy of agriculture and the Central Plains standard is gradually established, and the situation of the northern people's resistance to gold tends to ease ..."
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As the saying goes, "Looking back, there is a crow club drum under the Beaver Temple."
If the Japanese conquer China, the people of China will live like this in ten years.