List of outstanding historical buildings in Shandong
1. Famous architectural monuments in Shandong
The history of civilization in Shandong can be traced back to more than 5,000 years ago. It is one of the birthplaces of Eastern civilization. The earliest writing in China was discovered in Shandong - " Dawenkou Pottery" and Dinggong Village's "Longshan Pottery" have unearthed China's earliest city-state - "Chengziya Longshan Ancient City". It has China's oldest Great Wall - Qi Great Wall. It is also one of the birthplaces of ceramics and silk.
In the history of Shandong, there have been a large number of historical celebrities who still have an important influence on Chinese culture. The Confucianism founded by Confucius, a great thinker, educator, and politician, has become the pillar of Chinese culture and is famous in the world. It had a significant impact. "The Art of War" written by the famous ancient military strategist Sun Wu is still a classic respected by Chinese and foreign military and business circles. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China (770 BC - 221 BC), the famous Lu and Qi states were In today's Shandong, Shandong is therefore abbreviated as "Lu" or "Qilu".
Shandong is known as the "hometown of Confucius and Mencius and the land of etiquette". Shandong people are hard-working, simple, loyal and trustworthy. Traditional virtues are praised by the world for not being afraid of difficulties, unwilling to lag behind, enduring hardships, and being thrifty and hardworking.
Shandong Province has a long history, beautiful mountains and rivers, and rich tourism resources, and is known as the "Honor of the Five Mountains" Mount Tai and the Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion, and Confucius Forest in Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, have been listed as world natural and cultural heritage sites by UNESCO.
Shandong tourism combines beautiful natural landscapes, Rich history and culture and distinctive local characteristics are integrated to form its own unique style. At present, there are more than 500 tourist attractions in the province. It has basically formed its own "landscape" extending from Jinan, Tai'an, Qufu to Zoucheng. "Saint" tourist area; a seaside scenic tourist area integrating Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai; a folk tourist area centered on Weifang urban area, focusing on kites, Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures, and folk customs; and Zibo, the ancient city of Qi State , Shimakeng, and Pu Songling’s former residence; the Dongying Yellow River Estuary Tourist Area, which focuses on the wonders of the Yellow River entering the sea and primitive natural features; the Water Margin story as the main line; the "Water Margin" focusing on Liangshan and Yanggu Tourism lines.
In recent years, Shandong's tourism reception capacity has been significantly enhanced, and the reception service system has become increasingly perfect. There are 142 star-rated hotels and 215 travel agencies in the province. In 2000, it received more than 723,000 overseas tourists. There were 70.069 million domestic tourists.
Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, is known as the Spring City because of its many springs. Shandong is very rich in tourism resources, including Penglai Immortal Pavilion, Dongyue Taishan, and Qufu, the hometown of Confucius.
A famous historical and cultural city
Jinan was Lixia City during the Warring States Period, and has been the seat of state, prefecture and county since the Jin Dynasty. The urban area has the beautiful Daming Lake, Baotu Spring, Black Tiger Spring, There are four major spring groups, Pearl Spring and Wulongtan. The spring water flows among the alleys and houses, forming a unique spring city style. Cultural relics and historic sites include the Chengziya Longshan Cultural Site, the Han Dynasty Guo Family Stone Temple in Xiaotang Mountain, the Sui Dynasty Four Gate Pagoda, and the Tang Dynasty Dragon and Tiger Pagoda, Jiuding Pagoda, Lingyan Temple, Song Dynasty statues, Thousand Buddha Mountain, Huangshi Cliff and other places of interest.
Qingdao is located in the southeast of Shandong Province. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent Japanese pirates from invading, a floating mountain defense station was built. After the Opium War, the general town government was established. After 1897, it was successively occupied by German, Japanese and American powers. There are still a large number of European and Japanese-style buildings such as the former admiral's office, official residence and the former police station.
Qufu It is located in the south of the central part of Shandong Province. It was the capital of the Lu State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Lu County was established in the Qin Dynasty, and Qufu was changed in the Sui Dynasty. There are the hometown of Confucius, Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple, Confucius Forest and the ruins of the old city of Lu State.
Liaocheng It is located in the west of Shandong Province. It was a city of Qi in ancient times. The earth city was built during the Xining period of the Song Dynasty, and it was ruled by Dongchang Prefecture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Guangyue Tower in the center of the city and the Shanshan Guild Hall in the city are national key cultural relics protection units. There is a 13-level iron tower built in the Northern Song Dynasty. , there are also cultural relics and historic sites such as the canal pier, Fu's ancestral hall, Fan Zhuxian Memorial Hall.
Linzi is located in the central part of Shandong Province. In the 11th century BC, Jiang Taigong established the Qi State in Qi, and the capital was Yingqiu. It was renamed Linzi. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, and the Warring States Period, it was the capital of Qi State. After the Western Jin Dynasty, it was the seat of state, county, and county. The ancient city of Qi State and Tian Qi King's Mausoleum are national key cultural relics protection units. There are also Linzi Tomb Group and Tonglin Field. Wang site and other ancient sites and ancient tombs.
Zoucheng is located in the southern part of Shandong Province. It is the hometown of Mencius. Zouxian County was first established in the Qin Dynasty. It was moved to its current location during the Tianbao period of the Northern Qi Dynasty and changed to the current location in the Tang Dynasty.
"Zou" means "Zou". Meng Temple, Meng Mansion, Tieshan and Gangshan cliff carvings are national key cultural relics protection units. There are ancient building Chongxing Tower, traditional streets Yashengmiao Street and Yedian ruins, the ancient city of Zhu State, Mencius Forest, Geshan Cliff Carvings and other cultural relics.
National key cultural relics protection units:
Dezhou City, Tomb of King Sulu, Ming Dynasty
Feicheng County, Xiao Guo's Tomb Stone Temple in Tangshan, Eastern Han Dynasty
Jinan City, Licheng District, Thousand Buddha Cliff Statues (including Dragon and Tiger Pagoda, Nine-top Pagoda)
Jining City, Chongjue Temple Iron Pagoda, Northern Song Dynasty< /p>
Jining City, Jiaxiang Wu Tomb Group Stone Carvings, Eastern Han Dynasty
Licheng County, Four Gate Pagoda, Eastern Wei
Liaocheng City, Guangyue Tower, Ming Dynasty
Liaocheng City, Liaocheng Shanshan Guild Hall, Qing Dynasty
Qixia County, Mou Family Manor, Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China
Qingzhou City, Tuoshan Grottoes, Northern Zhou Dynasty to Tang Dynasty
Qufu, Confucius Temple, Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Qufu, Qufu Confucius Temple and Confucius Mansion, Jin to Qing Dynasty
Qufu, Qufu, the old city of Lu Kingdom, Zhou to Han Dynasty
Tai'an City, Dai Temple, Song to Qing Dynasty
Tai'an City, Feng Yuxiang's Tomb, 1953
Teng County, Xuecheng Site, Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Weihai City, Liugong Island Memorial Site of the Sino-Japanese War of 1888-1895
Weifang City, Shihu Garden, Ming to Qing Dynasties
Ye County, Pingdu County, Yunfeng Mountain and Tianzhu Mountain Cliff Carvings, Northern Wei Dynasty< /p>
Yidu County, Linzi, the ancient city of Qi, Zhou Dynasty
Zhangqiu County, Chengziya ruins, Neolithic Age
Zibo City, Tian Qi Tomb, Warring States Period
Zou County, Meng Temple and Meng Mansion, Ming to Qing Dynasty 2. Historical and cultural celebrities in ancient Shandong
Emperor Shun, a native of Zhucheng, Shandong, the founder of the Qi State in Jiang Shang in the Zhou Dynasty, a military strategist and politician Home.
Jiang surname, Lu family, has good reputation. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, he assisted King Wu to destroy the Shang Dynasty and made great contributions. He was commonly known as "Jiang Taigong".
The "Six Tao", a military book, is said to be his work. Guan Zhong (? ~ 645 BC), whose name was Yiwu and whose courtesy name was Zhong, was from Yingshang (border of Yingshui River).
A politician in the early Spring and Autumn Period, he assisted Duke Huan of Qi to become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. The book "Guanzi" handed down today is a work relied on by future generations.
Sima Ranju was a senior official and military strategist of the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period. Tian's name is Rangju.
Guan Sima was well versed in the art of war and once defeated the Jin and Yan armies. During the Warring States Period, King Wei of Qi compiled the ancient Sima's Art of War and included his art of war, which was called "Sima Ranju's Art of War".
Yan Ying (? ~550 BC), whose courtesy name was Pingzhong, was from Yiwei (now Gaomi, Shandong). Politicians and thinkers in the Spring and Autumn Period.
The handed down book "Yan Zi Chun Qiu" was compiled by people during the Warring States Period who collected and compiled his words and deeds. Confucius (551 BC ~ 479 BC) was named Qiu and given the courtesy name Zhongni.
A native of Zouyi, the state of Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong). He was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period.
He was respected as the "Holy Teacher" by the rulers of later generations. Yan Zi (521 BC ~ 490 BC) was a native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the most admired disciple of Confucius.
His name is Hui, his courtesy name is Ziyuan, and his conduct is outstanding. Confucius was extremely sad when he died early.
Later, he was honored as "Fusheng" by the feudal rulers. Sun Wu's courtesy name is Changqing.
People from Qi State. A military strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period.
His book "The Art of War" is our country's outstanding military book. Zuo Qiuming was a native of Lu.
Historian of the late Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that he once wrote "Zuo Zhuan" and "Guoyu".
Zengzi (505 BC ~ about 432 BC), named Ziyu, was a disciple of Confucius. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, he was a native of Nanwucheng in the State of Lu, and was revered as the "Zongsheng" by later rulers.
According to legend, there are "The Book of Filial Piety" and "The Great Learning". Luban Gongshu's family name is Ban, also known as Ban and Pan. He was a native of Lu state in the Spring and Autumn Period.
A famous building craftsman in ancient my country, later generations of building craftsmen and carpenters respected him as the "ancestor". Mozi (about 468 BC ~ 376 BC) was named Zhai.
A native of the ancient Xiaozhu State (today's Tengzhou City). He was a thinker and politician during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the founder of Mohism.
There are fifty-three chapters of Mozi.
Wu Qi (? ~381 BC) was a native of the Zuo clan of Wei State (now Dingtao West, Shandong Province).
Military strategist during the Warring States Period. There are six chapters of "Wu Zi" in existence.
Sun Bin (approximately 380 BC ~ 320 BC) was born in Ajuan, Qi State. Descendants of Sun Wu.
Military strategist during the Warring States Period. His works include "Sun Bin's Art of War".
Bian Que’s surname is Qin and his given name is from Yue. A native of Bohailu, Qi State (now Changqing, Shandong).
Medical scientist during the Warring States Period. Mencius (about 372 BC ~ 289 BC) was named Ke and given the courtesy name Ziyu.
A native of Zoucheng (now Zoucheng, Shandong). Thinker, politician, and educator during the Warring States Period.
His works include "Mencius". He was revered as the "Senior Saint" by the rulers of later generations.
Zhuangzi (approximately 369 BC ~ 286 BC) was named Zhou Dynasty and was a Mongolian native of the Song Dynasty. Famous thinker and writer, representative of Taoism.
There is a book "Zhuangzi" handed down from generation to generation. Xunzi (about 313 BC ~ 230 BC) was famous.
A native of Zhao, he lived in Shandong throughout his life. There is the tomb of Xunzi in the southeast of Lanling Town, Cangshan Mountain today. Thinker and educator during the Warring States Period.
Author of "Xunzi". Cang Gong (about 205 BC~?), whose surname was Chunyu and whose given name meant, was from Linzi, Qi Dynasty.
A medical scientist in the early Han Dynasty who created the first medical records (medical records). Si Shengzhi was born in Si River (now Caoxian County).
Agriculturist of the Western Han Dynasty. He wrote the agricultural work "The Book of Si Sheng".
Zheng Xuan (127~200) was named Kangcheng. A native of Gaomi, Beihai (now part of Shandong).
Wanzhu Qunjing is the master of classics in the Han Dynasty. Wang Bi (226~249) was born in Gaoping, Shanyang (today's Zoucheng area, Shandong Province).
A metaphysician from the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms, he was fond of talking about Confucianism and Taoism, and was very eloquent in his rhetoric. He created a style of free talk about metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. His works include "Notes on the Book of Changes", "Lectures on the Book of Changes", "Notes on Laozi" and "Lectures on Laozi", which have a profound influence on Chinese classical philosophy.
Wang Shuhe was named Xi, a native of Gaoping (today's Zoucheng, Shandong). Medical scientist during the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Compiled 10 volumes of "Mai Jing". Zhuge Liang (181~234), also known as Kongming.
A native of Langya Yangdu (now Yinan, Shandong). Politician and military strategist of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms.
His works include "The Collection of Zhuge Liang". Wang Xizhi (303~361), courtesy name Yishao, was from Linyi, Langya.
The great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was known as the "Sage of Calligraphy". No original remains.
Wang Xianzhi (344~386) was named Zijing. His native place is Linyi, Langya (now part of Shandong).
Wang Xizhi’s seventh son. He was a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His surviving calligraphy works include "Yatou Wan Tie" in running script and "Thirteen Lines" in small regular script.
Liu Xie (about 465~about 532), whose courtesy name was Yanhe, was originally from Ju County, Dongguan (now part of Shandong). Liang literary theory critic in the Southern Dynasties.
Author of fifty chapters of "The Literary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon". Jia Sixie was born in Yidu (now Shouguang).
Agriculturist of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He is the author of the famous agricultural work "Essentials for Elevating the People".
Liu Yan (718~780), whose courtesy name was Shi'an, was born in Nanhua, Caozhou (now Dongming, Shandong). Tang Financial Planner.
Yan Zhenqing (709~785) was named Qingchen. His ancestral home is Langya, Linyi (now Linyi City).
Tang minister and famous calligrapher. There are many famous works handed down from generation to generation, including "Duobao Pagoda Stele", "Yan Family Temple Stele", "Nephew Memorial Manuscript", etc.
Li Qingzhao (about 1084~1151), a layman named Yi'an, was born in Zhangqiu, Qizhou (now Zhangqiu, Shandong). Female poet of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Both "Collected Works of Yi An" and "Yi An's Ci" have been lost. Later generations compiled "Shu Yu Ci".
Modern people have compiled the "Collection of Li Qingzhao". Xin Qiji (1140~1207), named You'an and Jiaxuan, was a native of Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong).
Poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. He is the author of Jiaxuan Ci.
Wang Zhen, courtesy name Boshan, was born in Dongping, Shandong. An agriculturist and improver of letterpress printing in the Yuan Dynasty.
There is "Agricultural Book" handed down from generation to generation, which is one of the four major agricultural books in ancient China. Qi Jiguang (1528~1588) was born in Dengzhou (now Penglai), Shandong Province.
A famous general and strategist in the Ming Dynasty’s anti-Japanese war. He is the author of "New Book of Ji Xiao", "Record of Military Training" and "Collection of Zhi Zhitang".
Wang Shizhen (1634~1711) was born in Xincheng (now Huantai), Shandong Province. After his death, he avoided the Yongzheng taboo and was renamed Shizheng and Shizhen.
A poet of the Qing Dynasty, he discussed the creation of charm in poetry. He had many disciples during his lifetime and had a great influence. His works include "The Collection of Daijingtang", etc. He also selected his poems as "The Essence of Yuyang Mountain People", as well as various notes such as "Juyi Lu" and "Chibei Occasion Talk".
Pu Songling (1640~1715), nicknamed Liuxian, also known as Jianchen, also known as Liuquan Jushi, known as Mr. Liaozhai in the world, was a native of Zichuan, Shandong. Qing writer.
He is the author of "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" and so on. Kong Shangren (1648~1718) was born in Qufu, Shandong Province.
Qing opera writer, author of "The Peach Blossom Fan" and so on. Wang Yirong (1845~1900), also known as Zhengru and Liansheng, was a native of Guxian Village in Fushan District, Yantai.
When the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China. 3. A brief list of historical and cultural celebrities in ancient Shandong
"Sage of Calligraphy", Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Guan Zi, a famous prime minister and economist of Qi State. In the history of Shandong, there were also representatives of Confucianism, Mencius and Zengzi.
Jia Sixie, an ancient agriculturist famous for his "Essentials for Elevating the People". Sun Bin, an ancient military scientist famous for his "Sun Bin Art of War".
Zhuge Liang, the famous Prime Minister of the Three Kingdoms, is revered by the Chinese as the embodiment of wisdom. Liu Xie, a literary theorist famous for "Wen Xin Diao Long".
Xin Qiji, a famous representative of the Bold and Bold poets in the Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao, a poet of the Wanyue School, represents a famous writer in the Qing Dynasty.
Pu Songling is the author of the short story collection "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio". Yan Zhenqing, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty.
Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Song Dynasty and the author of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival". Gander, a famous astronomer during the Warring States Period.
The "Gan and Stone Star Scripture" co-authored by him and Shi Shen from the Song Dynasty (now from Kaifeng, Henan) contains the world's earliest record of sunspots. Pan Shengzhi, ancient scientists.
Shan’s father, Shan Juan (shàn Juan), is said to be an influential political leader and clan leader among the Dongyi people who nomadically lived in the land of Heze in late ancient times. 4. What are the famous historical classics in Shandong?
The famous historical classics in Shandong: 1. Penglai Pavilion in Yantai City Penglai is known as the fairyland on earth. It is said that Penglai, Yingzhou and Abbot are the three gods in the sea. It is a place where immortals live. According to legend, eight immortals, Lu Dongbin, Tieguaili, Zhang Guolao, Han Zhongli, Cao Guojiu, He Xiangu, Lan Caihe, and Han Xiangzi, after getting drunk in Penglai Pavilion, relied on their respective treasures to Riding on the waves and sailing across the ocean, the beautiful legend of "Eight Immortals crossing the sea, each showing his abilities" was left behind.
2. Three Kongfu in Qufu The Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest in Jining Qufu are collectively referred to as the "Three Kongfu". It is a symbol of commemorating Confucius and advocating Confucianism in all dynasties of China. It is famous for its rich cultural accumulation, long history, grand scale, rich collection of cultural relics, and scientific and artistic value.
In addition, in the history of literature, there is also the theory of "three holes". 3. There are many poems praising Mount Tai in the history of Tai'an City, such as Confucius's "Qiu Ling Song", Sima Xiangru's "Book of Fengchan", Cao Zhi's "Flying Dragon", Li Bai's "Taishan Ode", Du Fu's "Wang". "Yue" and other poems and essays have become famous works handed down from generation to generation in China; the Song Dynasty murals in Tiankuang Hall and the Song Dynasty painted Arhat statues in Lingyan Temple are rare treasures; 4. Qianfo Mountain in Jinan is said to be the place where Shun plowed the fields in Mount Li in ancient history. , also known as Shun Mountain and Shungeng Mountain.
5. Weishan Lake Weishan Lake is a famous memorial site for modern revolutionary struggles. During the Anti-Japanese War, the "Weihu Brigade", "Canal Detachment", "Railway Guerrillas" and other revolutionary armed forces with Weishan Lake as their base roamed thousands of hectares of reed swamps and were active on the Jinpu Railway Line, creating many memorable and tragic events. heroic deeds.
6. Daming Lake Many historical celebrities have emerged on the shores of Daming Lake, and it is also the source of inspiration for many writers, such as Qiong Yao's novel Huanzhugege. People who have lived in Jinan for a long time almost all know that there are "four strange things" in Daming Lake - frogs do not crow, snakes are hard to find, drought does not fall for a long time, and rain does not rise for a long time.
In addition to these particularly famous attractions, Shandong also includes: Canal Ancient City, Jining Zoucheng, Sanmeng, Binzhou Huimin Sun Tzu Art of War City, Wetland Red Lotus Tourist Area, Qingdao Laoshan, Rizhao Wulian Mountain, Rizhao Bamboo Cave Sky and Yishui Underground Grand Canyon. 5. What are the famous historical cities in Shandong?
List of historical cities in Shandong was published on: 2008-01-23 Number of views: 380 Introduction to national historical and cultural cities Qufu is located in the south-central part of Shandong Province.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the capital of the State of Lu. The Qin Dynasty established Lu County, and the Sui Dynasty changed it to Qufu. There are the hometown of Confucius, Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple, Confucius Forest and the ruins of the old city of Lu.
Jinan was Lixia City during the Warring States Period. It has been the seat of state, prefecture and county since the Jin Dynasty, and it has been the capital of Shandong Province since the Ming Dynasty. The urban area has the beautiful Daming Lake and four major spring groups: Baotu Spring, Black Tiger Spring, Pearl Spring, and Wulongtan. The spring water flows in the alleys and among the houses, forming a unique spring city style.
Cultural relics include Chengziya Longshan Cultural Site, Han Dynasty Guo Shishi Temple in Xiaotang Mountain, Sui Dynasty Four Gate Pagoda, Tang Dynasty Dragon and Tiger Pagoda, Jiuding Pagoda, Lingyan Temple, Song Dynasty statues, Qianfo Mountain Huangshi Cliff and other scenic spots monuments. Qingdao is located in the southern part of Shandong Peninsula.
In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent Japanese pirates from invading, Fushan Defense Qianhu Station was set up. After the Opium War, the general town government was established.
After 1897, it was successively occupied by German and Japanese powers. There are a large number of European and Japanese-style buildings such as the former admiral's office, official residence and the former police station.
Liaocheng is located in the west of Shandong Province. It was the city of Qi State in ancient times.
During the Xining period of the Song Dynasty, an earthen city was built. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became an important canal commercial port under the jurisdiction of Dongchang Prefecture. The Guangyue Tower in the center of the city and the Shanshan Guild Hall in the city are national key cultural relics protection units.
There is a 13-level iron tower built in the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as cultural relics and historic sites such as the canal wharf, Fu's Ancestral Hall, Haiyuan Pavilion, and Fan Zhuxian Memorial Hall. Zoucheng is located in the south of Shandong Province and is the hometown of Mencius.
Zou County was first established in the Qin Dynasty. It was moved to its current location during the Tianbao period of the Northern Qi Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, "Zou" was changed to "Zou". Meng Temple, Meng Mansion, Tieshan and Gangshan cliff carvings are national key cultural relics protection units.
There are cultural relics and historic sites such as the Chongxing Tower of ancient buildings, the traditional Yashengmiao Street and Yedian ruins, the ancient city of Zhu State, Menglin, and the cliff carvings of Geshan. Linzi is located in the central part of Shandong Province.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States Period, it was the capital of Qi State. After the Western Jin Dynasty, it was the seat of state, county, and county. The Ancient City of Qi and the Mausoleum of Qi King in Tian are national key cultural relics protection units.
There are also ancient ruins and ancient tombs such as Linzi Tomb Group and Tonglin Tianwang Site. Provincial Historical and Cultural City Famous City Introduction Tai'an is located in the middle of Shandong Province, with Mount Tai dominating the territory.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sealed Mount Tai in the east, separated Ying and Bo counties and established Fenggao County as the emperor's palace to worship Mount Tai. In the fifth year of Kaibao's reign in Song Dynasty, the county seat and Fengchan center were moved to Daiyue Town.
The Jin established the Tai'an Army, and the Qing established the Tai'an Prefecture. Taishan has been the center of Zen worship for emperors of all dynasties. It has preserved more than 30 ancient buildings and a large number of stone carvings from different periods, and is listed as a world natural and cultural heritage.
In addition, there are also cultural relics and historic sites such as Dai Temple, Bixia Temple, Puzhao Temple, Jingshi Valley, Tang Mo Cliff, and Dawenkou Cultural Site. Revolutionary cultural relics include the Culaishan Uprising Site, Feng Yuxiang's Tomb, etc.
Jining is located in the southwest of Shandong Province and has a long history. The Xia Dynasty established "Ren State" (or "Still State"), Qin Shihuang established Rencheng County, which continued to the Song Dynasty, was promoted to Jining Prefecture in the Yuan Dynasty, and became Zhili Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty.
Jining’s economy and culture have developed rapidly since the construction of the Grand Canal in the Yuan Dynasty. There are many existing places of interest and historical sites, including Chongjue Temple, the Iron Tower of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Han Dynasty Stele Group, the Temple? "Yan Fat Er⑾ Ankle?" The tombs and Zhugan Lane, a commercial street built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, are also included in the temple, as well as Dongdai Temple and Taibai Tower.
Qingzhou is located in the middle of the Shandong Peninsula and is one of the ancient Nine States. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established the Qingzhou Prefectural History Department, through the Sui, Tang, Northern Song, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties, until the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, for nearly 1,500 years, it has been used as a first-level local government and first-level military station.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was still a second-level local police station. In the eighth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty, a Manchurian garrison city was built.
During the Republic of China, Yidu County was established. The old place of Qingzhou is rich in places of interest and precious cultural relics, including the Sui and Tang grotto statues in Yunmen Mountain, Tuo Mountain, and Yangtian Mountain, the Northern Dynasty calligraphy inscriptions in Linglong Mountain, the Fan Gong Pavilion in memory of Fan Zhongyan, the Zhenjiao Temple, the Ming Dynasty Hengwang Stone Archway, and the Qing University The private garden of scholar Feng Pu, Ouyuan, etc.
There are also Shandong Fourth Normal School where *** founders Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming spread Marxism, and the East China Bureau and Provincial *** office buildings in 1948, etc. Zibo is located in the central part of Shandong Province and is a cluster-type heavy industrial city.
Zibo has a long history. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, and the Warring States Period, Linzi served as the capital of Qi for more than 600 years and was one of the largest cities in the world at that time. The Qin Dynasty established Qi County, and the Han Dynasty established Linzi County.
Zhangdian was Changguo City during the Warring States Period, and Changguo County was established from the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. Zichuan was established as Banyang County in the Western Han Dynasty, but was changed to Zichuan during the Sui Dynasty; Zhoucun belonged to Lingyi during the Warring States Period, and was established as Lingxian County during the Western Han Dynasty.
Zibo has many cultural relics and historic sites. The ancient city of Qi is well-known both at home and abroad. The ancient city walls, drainage outlets and other relics still exist. There are also Tian Qi royal tombs, Qijing cemetery horse pits and numerous tombs; Zichuan There are the former residence of Pu Songling, a famous writer in the Qing Dynasty, walls and gates from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Pujiazhuang, which maintains the rural architectural style and local folk customs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties; Zhoucun has Main Street, Xinshi Street and Yinzi Street built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. As the main commercial building complex; Boshan has the ruins of the Great Wall of Qi, Yan Wenjiang Temple, ancient porcelain kiln sites of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and residential buildings with the characteristics of northern mountain cities. Penglai is located at the northernmost tip of the Shandong Peninsula. Penglai Town was established in the 8th year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty. It was promoted to Penglai County in the 3rd year of Tang Shenlong. Since then, it has been governed by Dengzhou Prefecture in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
Existing cultural relics include Penglai Water City and Penglai Pavilion. Water City was a coastal defense fortress during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the famous anti-Japanese general Qi Jiguang once guarded it. Penglai Pavilion has a majestic architecture and mirages often appear on the sea, so it is known as the "Wonderland on Earth".
In addition, there are still historical sites such as Qi Jiguang Ancestral Hall, Qi Family Archway, and Shangshui Gate. Penglai's small streets and deep alleys still retain the charm of the old city, and the houses are full of local characteristics.
Weifang is located in the middle of the Shandong Peninsula and is the kite capital of the world. The city has a long history. It was Beihai County, Beihai County, Pingshou County, etc. in the Han and Tang Dynasties, Weizhou in the Song Dynasty, and Weixian County in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Existing cultural relics include Shihu Garden, Han Dynasty City Wall, Guanhou Temple, Chenghuang Temple, Yuqing Palace, Guanyin Pavilion, Shifo Temple, Chen Jieqi’s former residence, traditional residences on Songyuanzi Street, etc. Many traditional handicrafts are highly accomplished, such as kites, wooden New Year pictures, silver inlays, core carvings, antique bronzes, cloth toys, paper-cutting, embroidery, etc., all of which are famous.
Linyi is located in the southeast of Shandong Province. Yuxia was the territory of Xuzhou, Zhou Dynasty changed it to Qingzhou, Qin Dynasty belonged to Tanjun, Eastern Han Dynasty belonged to Xuzhou Langya Kingdom, Northern Zhou Dynasty belonged to Yizhou, which is Qiu County, and Sui general Qiu County The county was merged into Linyi County. In the 12th year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, it was promoted to Yizhou Prefecture and Lanshan County was established. In the second year of the Republic of China, Yizhou Prefecture was abolished and Lanshan County was changed to Linyi County. Existing cultural relics include: Yinqueshan Han Tomb, one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and Huadong Lie, a national cultural relic protection unit. 6. Excellent historical buildings are divided into five types. Let’s take a look at the representative buildings.
Many buildings in the ancient city of Quanzhou have distinctive and distinctive appearance. It has a beautiful shape, red bricks, red tiles, carved beams and painted buildings, and is full of local characteristics.
The color of the buildings along the street is mainly brick red, with a strong contrast between red and white. It makes people feel a warm and life-like emotional color. Each street or even each section of each street is full of antique charm while retaining the southern Fujian architectural style of red tile roofs, red brick walls, granite trim, swallow-ridged eaves, and arcade columns. It is a new and ingenious "foreign style" building.
These buildings are very similar to the red brick buildings in Europe that originated in ancient Rome and the architectural decoration treatment in West Asia. Since ancient times, the brick walls of traditional Chinese buildings have been built with gray bricks. Gray bricks are also used in residential buildings in all provinces in the mainland. Only in southern Fujian, red bricks are used to build houses. Red brick residential buildings are a major feature of Fujian residential buildings. Among the characteristics of Chinese residential buildings, there is a distinction between "red brick area" and "grey brick area". Quanzhou is the center of China’s “Red Brick District” culture.
In feudal society, the color of buildings was also particular. Red and yellow have been the exclusive colors for royal temples since the Tang Dynasty; green, green, blue, etc. are used by eunuchs at all levels; ordinary houses can only use black, white and gray. Therefore, whether you walk through Pingyao, Huizhou, or remote Xiangxi or Dali, among the houses with exquisite materials, you will see the honest color system-white walls, black tiles or gray walls, gray walls, etc. The tiles, doors and windows are rarely painted, and are mainly wood-colored.
Even the famous Zhouzhuang has "black tiles and white gables".
When arriving in Quanzhou, the first thing that catches our eyes is the endless red brick-themed walls: white wall bases, white window frames on the red walls, and patterns composed of red and white inlays make the exterior walls of ancient houses look... Producing a strong artistic effect, Quanzhou people call this masonry method "out of bricks and into stones".
There are many theories about the origin of Quanzhou’s red brick culture. Quanzhou people always compare their homes to imperial palaces, and Quanzhou's architecture is also known as "palace-style residences." There is even a beautiful legend. Huang Huigu, a beauty from Quanzhou Prefecture, was selected as the queen by the King of Fujian and moved to the palace in Fuzhou. But every time it was windy or rainy, the queen couldn't eat and couldn't sleep at night. The King of Fujian was puzzled, and Queen Huang explained: Because her mother's house was too simple and could not withstand the typhoons and rains, she was worried. After hearing this, the King of Fujian immediately issued an edict to grant Queen Huang "the palace of your mother".
The original intention was that the queen’s natal family could build a house according to the layout of the palace. However, in the local dialect of Quanzhou, the pronunciations of "your mother" and "your house" are the same, so the scope of the gift of "imperial palace" was expanded from Queen Huang's natal family to the whole house of Quanzhou. As soon as Quanzhou Prefecture received the imperial edict, counties along the coast took notice and built houses in the style of the imperial palace. After the King of Fujian found out, he hurriedly ordered a stop, but most of the houses had been built. Only some "imperial palaces" in rural areas were built later. The roof tiles were only arranged in three rows, but they still looked like palaces. So the "Imperial Palace" was passed down in this way, and even the custom of having only three rows of tube tiles on the roof in some places is still left to this day.
Legends are legends, but the answer given by experts and scholars is that traditional houses are an important carrier and evidence of local history and culture. Looking back at the history of Quanzhou, during the Tang and Song Dynasties when the feudal system gradually matured, Quanzhou had emerged as the "largest port in the East" and the "starting point of the Maritime Silk Road". Tens of thousands of businessmen from various countries poured into Quanzhou, bringing with them The introduction of Western goods naturally also brought Western architectural styles. The red brick collage that was once popular in ancient Rome also took the opportunity to land in Quanzhou.
Some scholars believe that red bricks were introduced from ancient India. After all, cultural elements from ancient Rome, ancient Persia and ancient India can be seen everywhere in Quanzhou’s architectural ruins. The long history and the rich accumulation of maritime transportation and trade culture have formed Quanzhou's unique local culture, unique urban landscape and local architectural style. Quanzhou is a typical historical ancient city with multiculturalism.
Secondly, Quanzhou belongs to fire and red according to the Taoist theory of yin and yang and five elements. Quanzhou is located in the south of China. Quanzhou people like red very much. Red represents joy, auspiciousness, and prosperity. It can drive away evil and evil. According to the Taoist Five Elements theory, "red is the color of blazing fire. It is located in the south and symbolizes happiness." Therefore, Quanzhou's " "Red" is also related to China's "Five Elements" theory.
This color tone caters to the aesthetic psychology of Quanzhou people who advocate celebration and auspiciousness with strong Confucianism. It also conveys the warm mood and interest of Quanzhou’s traditional architecture, bringing a brilliant and bright warmth to people. , prosperous beauty. 7. Introduction to historical celebrities in Shandong
There have been numerous celebrities in the history of Shandong Province.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were: Yan Ying, a doctor of Qi State; Confucius, a thinker, politician, educator, and founder of Confucianism; his student Zeng Zi; and military strategist Sun Wu;
During the Warring States Period, there were: Famous doctor Bian Que; philosopher Zisi; thinker, politician, founder of Mohism Mo Zhai; construction craftsman Lu Ban; famous Go player Yi Qiu; military strategist Sun Bin; thinker, politician, education Mencius; thinker_Liang Chi;
In the Han Dynasty there were: Chunyu Yi, a medical scientist, whose daughter Tiying was a torturer; Kuan, a Shuili family; Fusheng, the earliest transmitter of the modern text "Shangshu" in the Western Han Dynasty; Dongfang Shuo, a litterateur; Kuang Heng, a Confucian scholar; The writer Wei Xuancheng; the agriculturist Si Shengzhi; the writer Kong Rong; the classics scholar Zheng Xuan; the philosopher Zhong Changtong; the writer Wang Can; the writer Liu Zhen; the astronomer Liu Hong;;
During the Three Kingdoms period, there were : Politician and military strategist Zhuge Liang; Confucian scholar, exegete, Zheng Xuan and Sun Yan;
The Jin Dynasty included: mathematician Zhang Qiujian; litterateur Yang Hu; metaphysician Wang Bi; literature The calligrapher Zuo Si; the calligrapher Wang Xizhi;
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties there were: the atheist thinker and astronomer He Chengtian; the poet Yan Yanzhi; the litterateur Bao Zhao; the literary theory critic Liu Xie; the litterateur Wen Zisheng; the litterateur Wang Ji; thinkers, The educator Yan Zhitui; the famous doctor Xu Shuxiang; the medical scientist Wang Shuhe; the historian Cui Hong; the agriculturist Jia Sixie;
In the Sui Dynasty there were: the painter Zhan Ziqian;
In the Tang Dynasty there were: Astronomer Cui Shanwei; poet Chu Guangxi; writer Duan Chengshi;
In the Song Dynasty there were: scholar Hu Dan; writer Wang Yu_; scholar and writer Shi Jie; medical scientist Qian Yi; literature Chao Buzhi of the family; Cheng Wuji, a medical scientist; Li Qingzhao, a female poet; Wang Pizhi, an expert in ancient bridge construction; painter Zhang Zeduan; epigrapher Zhao Mingcheng; painter Liang Kai; Qiu Chuji, one of the seven truths in the north of Quanzhen Taoism; Kong Yuancuo, a historian in the late Jin Dynasty; Dang Huaiying, a historian and calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty; poet , scholar Zhou Mi;
In the Yuan Dynasty there were: Du Renjie, a famous poet and sanqu writer; Wang Yun, a historian and writer; Jia Lu, a water conservancy expert; Yang Huan, a philologist; Zhang Yanghao, a sanqu writer and writer; Yang Chaoying; drama writer Gao Wenxiu; agriculturist and improver of letterpress printing Wang Zhen; drama writer Kang Jinzhi; historical geographer and litterateur Yu Qin; commentator on the Four Books and Five Classics Dong Yangxing;
In the Ming Dynasty, there were: Wang Zhao, a mechanic; Bai Ying, a folk conservancy expert; Xie Zhen, a writer; Li Kaixian, a dramatist; Feng Weimin, a sanqu writer; Li Panlong, a famous poet and writer; Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese general and military strategist; Xing Dong, a calligrapher and painter; Scholar Jiao_; writer and poet Yu Shenxing; prose writer Liu Xiaozu; famous doctor Bi Fenchen;
In the Qing Dynasty there were: writer and pharmacologist Wang Xiangjin; drama writer and writer Ding Yaokang; famous astronomer and mathematician Xue Fengzuo; historian Fu Yijian; economist Zhang Erqi; poet Song Wan; historian Ma Masu; writer Tian Wen; poet Cao Zhenji; historian Zhang Zhaoqian; famous writer Pu Songling; opera writer Kong Shangren; calligrapher and painter Pan Wu Yun; poet Zhao Zhixin; calligraphy, painting and seal carving artist Gao Fenghan; medical scientist Huang Yuanyu; calligrapher Liu Yong; local chronicler Li Wenzao; scholar Kong Jifen; Confucian doctor Kong Ji_; scholar Kong Jihan; economist and exegesis Hao Yixing; famous folk doctor of traditional Chinese medicine Qifeng; philologist Wang Youyou; famous epigrapher, collationist and calligrapher Xu Han; literary connoisseur and numismatist Li Zuoxian; epigrapher Chen Jieqi; medical scientist Cai Yuke; educationist Wu Xun; Wang Yirong, the famous epigrapher and the discoverer of oracle bone inscriptions; artist Sun Zhongxin; bibliophile Yang Yizeng; famous scholar and ancient book compiler Ma Guohan; epigraphy Wu Shifen; famous acupuncture doctor Yang Zuozhi; weapons manufacturing expert Ding Shoucun; famous doctor Zang Yingzhan; historian and calligrapher Wu Xunyuan.