What does banyan bonsai do?
Banyan bonsai is famous for its simple and vigorous state, but it is not easy to dig out these ancient stumps in the natural Yuan Ye. In recent years, it is very common to cultivate bonsai by sowing and raising seedlings. In order to shorten the forming time of small and medium-sized bonsai, the trunk can be artificially changed into lateral branches by changing the trunk, so as to speed up the thickness of lateral branches and make them form quickly.
(1) production time. The annual minimum temperature is 15℃ in spring or 15℃ in autumn. It is best to exchange branches and stems during the growth period of banyan, because the activities of cells and tissues in the tree are vigorous during the growth period.
(2) manufacturing method. The banyan tree with a trunk diameter of about 2 cm, a trunk height of about 60-80 cm and many lateral branches is selected and planted obliquely in a cultivation pot. The culture pot should be deep and large, so that more soil can be filled and more nutrients can be reserved for the growth of stumps. The oblique planting angle of banyan can be determined according to the production form. There are two general production forms, one is two and a half bends, that is, S-shaped or Youlong bend; One is cliff style.
Two bends and half stems are planted at an oblique angle of about 45 degrees. After planting 1 ~ 2 months in the upper basin, the trunk is evenly wound with 12 ~ 10 soft aluminum wire and bent according to the first S-shaped bend. The curvature of the bend is larger, and the bent part of the trunk will be hung with thin aluminum wire to fix it as a side branch. Select the side branch at the proper position on the original trunk and replace it with the new trunk. After the growth in February and March, the lateral branches at the first bend are basically formed, and the new trunk grows again. Then loosen the aluminum wire and continue to hang and pull the bending part properly to make the bending firm. When the new trunk grows to a thickness of about 2 cm, it can be bent again and made into two and a half bends.
The cliff method is basically similar to two bends and a half, and only 1 branches are exchanged.
(3) Manufacturing advantages
1 root dew. Using oblique planting, half of the roots can be exposed to the soil surface. After covering the soil, the roots grow thick and gradually emerge.
Two dry songs When the direction of the trunk branches changes several times, it forms a bend, supplemented by artificial climbing, so the bend can be natural and does not affect the growth of seedlings.
(3) shoot quickly. It is easier to treat the trunk as a lateral branch than to cultivate it on the trunk, and the lateral branches are thick and the trunk is easy to branch out.
④ The plants are short. Bending the thick trunk into branches, constantly changing the advantages of the top of the trunk, making the bending curvature bigger, making it difficult for seedlings to grow straight up, making the plants shorter and stronger, and looking antique.
Second, banyan bonsai's production skills give banyan bonsai a root.
The beauty of banyan bonsai lies in its roots, stems, branches and leaves. If the shapes of stems and branches are complete, but the roots are thin and weak, some roots are defective, and the number of roots is small, then we can make up for it and make the roots more perfect. When the roots are biased and the number of roots is insufficient, one or several roots can be grafted; When the root size is uneven, it can be grafted on the corresponding thick root. After maintenance, the grafted root system survived, forming a trunk as the center and extending in all directions in the form of horizontal root exposure. The longer the bonsai is maintained, the more beautiful the root plate is. Many claws, roots and packaging are symbols of ancient banyan trees. 、
Reverse cutting can be used to root-fill, preferably in rainy season. Choose a good root-patching part, use a sharp grafting knife along the cortex of the trunk, gradually penetrate into the xylem, and cut a hole of about 2 cm across the board to form a tongue-shaped shape with a smooth section. When cutting the roots of banyan trees, the color and thickness of the roots should meet the requirements of root replenishment, and the cutting length should be appropriate, about 15 ~ 20 cm or longer. The end of the root is cut into a wedge, and the size and length of the wedge surface are equivalent to the tongue-shaped section, and then connected. The grafted root should be aligned with the dry arc layer on at least one side, and then tied tightly with a plastic strip with a width of 1 cm to cover the joint. The other end of the root can be directly buried in the basin soil for compaction and watered once. Pay attention to watering at ordinary times and keep the soil moist, and you will soon survive.
Do not apply fertilizer within 1 month after root grafting to prevent root grafting from rotting. Potted plants with grafted roots should be placed in a cool and well-lit place, but in hot weather and strong light, attention should be paid to shading, and the grafted roots should not be touched to prevent the grafted roots from loosening and affecting wound healing.
Generally, when repairing roots, the grafting diameter of roots is about 0.5 ~ 1 cm. The diameter of root transplantation is too large, and the interface scar is large, which is difficult to heal. It is not advisable to peel the cutting interface too big and too deep, otherwise it will be difficult to tie and seal, and the survival rate will be low.
3. banyan bonsai's bonsai banyan trees are grafted with Indian banyan and Japanese banyan.
Recently, the tender branches of Ficus microcarpa or Ficus carica popular in southern China were grafted and transformed into banyan bonsai with fine leaves, that is, on the basis of the original trunk, Ficus carica has smaller leaves and compact branches, which is easier to prune, maintain and manage.
The leaves of Indian figs and Japanese figs are smaller, shorter and denser than those of China figs and figs. After grafting, the twigs on the crown of the banyan tree are clustered together. If the branches of several trunks are processed and shaped, the leaves will look smaller, the branches will not grow in vain, and the trees will be stable.
Ficus indica and Ficus japonica grow slowly, and are closely related to Ficus albiflora and Ficus rubra in China. The grafting survival rate is high. As long as the season and temperature are well mastered, the scion is selected, the correct grafting method and appropriate management measures are adopted, and the grafting is easy to succeed. After grafting survives, grafting germinates, and after half a year or a year of cultivation, COVID-19 can be formed.
The grafting time should be chosen when the daytime temperature is 25℃. It is best in late spring, and the average weather during the day in summer reaches 35. Grafting can also be done, but it will reduce the survival rate. Grafting should be done on a sunny day.
The grafting place should be clean, dust-free, cool and quiet. Grafting-poison the blade with sharp grafting knife, scissors, clean white plastic film strip and alcohol lamp. Scions should choose annual branches, which grow healthily and have no pests and diseases.
The grafting operation method is as follows:
(1) For the selected stump, according to the modeling needs, cut short the lateral branches, leave 5-6 short branches in the crown, and cut off too many, too thin and too old branches.
(2) Cut the joint of the scion into a wedge shape, which is slightly shorter than the leaves of the scion. The scion is about 5 cm long, leaving two top leaves and cutting off the rest.
(3) Split the cross section of the branches, and the leaves are about 2 cm long and straight. Scions should be cut one by one, and branches of stumps should be grafted one by one.
(4) After cutting the scion, quickly insert it into the split of the scion until the cut surface is not exposed. The cortex of the scion should be aligned with the cortex of the scion, and the cut surface of the scion should be pinched by hand, so that it is all clamped by the split part of the scion. Then wrap the joint tightly and seamlessly with plastic film strips for cleaning, and seal the incision. When the temperature is low, you can also put a plastic bag to keep warm and protect the scion. After connection, the residual limb should be moved to a cool and humid place for maintenance. To gradually increase diffuse light. In summer, grafting should extend the time of receiving diffuse light and improve the humidity of the place. After 9 days, you can receive normal sunlight. 1 month later, all the joints are healed and the scion grows new buds, so the plastic film strips should be cut off in time.
Fourth, cultivate banyan bonsai's production skills, old banyan bonsai
Stump bonsai pays attention to aging, and the wild old banyan stumps are very limited. In recent years, by cultivating young trees, the number of climbing shapes is increasing. To age the stems and roots of young trees, the following artificial treatment methods can be adopted:
(1) aluminum wire climbing. Climb up and tie the trunk with soft aluminum wire. When the aluminum wire will sink in, loosen it and continue to climb in another position. Repeatedly, the epidermis of the trunk will become rough and look old.
(2) Cut off the stem and make a scar. While quickly cultivating the trunk, the trunk is cut off continuously, and the cut-off mouth gradually produces a healed wound, which makes the trunk shorter and scarred.
(3) Induce the air roots and fibrous roots to grow on the trunk, and arrange the air roots and fibrous roots into attached trunk roots, which is called "adding dragon whiskers" to make the stump look old.
(4) Carved into scars. During the vigorous growth period of the stump, the bark is cut off with a sharp knife, the xylem is cut, or the xylem is dug into a hole in the trunk, and these parts will form scars after healing. ：
(5) Scar trimming. Cut off too many thick branches on the trunk, and the trunk will be swollen.
(6) Knock on the tumor. At the bottom of the trunk, beat a part of the bark with a hammer.
(7) Lift the roots and expose the claws. Gradually lift the roots off the soil surface to form claw roots, and gently tap the exposed roots with a hammer to make the surface of the roots rough, giving people the feeling of "going through many vicissitudes".
Fifth, quickly cultivate banyan bonsai's production skills banyan bonsai
Banyan is one of the main tree species in bonsai in southern provinces. In some places, banyan piles account for more than 80% of the total bonsai. The vitality of banyan trees is stronger than other trees, and both acidic and alkaline soils can grow well. Sunlight and shade tolerance, flood control and drought resistance, and extensive management. The bonsai is not easy to deform after modeling and has high ornamental value. Banyan bonsai's modeling forms are micro, small, medium, large and super-large. Medium-sized and large-sized banyan bonsai can better reflect the natural environment of the big tree-shaped banyan style, but also show the charm of ancient banyan. In order to make the banyan grow faster, it is necessary to speed up the formation of banyan trees and find ways to form them quickly.
It is limited to digging ancient banyan stumps from mountains, ditches and rivers, and it is very rare at present. Because of this, we can find stumps suitable for making bonsai from the green trees in farmers' nurseries, and cultivate them by cutting off branches, which is the best way to cultivate banyan bonsai quickly. Some stumps have packings, roots, bent stems and inclined stems. After branch cultivation and molding, 1 year, one or two years, three years can be molded.
If the banyan seedlings are properly cultivated, providing loose and fertile substrates, sufficient water and fertilizer and sufficient sunshine, they can grow rapidly through climbing and tying and directional cultivation according to the envisaged plan. The stem formed after conjoined planting is thicker than that of a single stem, and the roots are easy to grow. If the roots are handled well, there will be no signs of splicing. This practice is better, but more is to advocate single-plant cultivation. ;
Individual plants are cultivated from small seedlings, and large pots, large soil, large water, large fertilizer and sufficient sunshine promote the seedlings to grow faster. The capacity of the basin is large, which can hold more soil, fully maintain the humidity of the soil and accept a large amount of dissolved fertilizer. The basin is large and the space is large, so that the banyan tree can grow into a short and strong tree with a large crown.
Banyan is a kind of heavy fertilizer plant, and the soil is mixed with dried and crushed cow dung and fermented pig manure.
Sixth, the cultivation of banyan bonsai's production skills, the roots and roots of banyan bonsai.
The banyan tree has the characteristics of long air roots, and it has a unique charm from the trunk and branches to the basin surface or attached to the trunk. Through several years of cultivation experiments, observation, analysis and comparison, I have found out the following experiences in promoting the growth of aerial roots:
(1) Wang Pei stump. Banyan bonsai cultivated on the balcony should be placed in a place where the sun shines for a long time, so that the leaves have enough light to produce a large number of photosynthetic products, which will be transported to the roots to promote the development of roots and the growth of roots and air roots. In order to improve the photosynthetic coefficient of leaves, that is, to improve the leaf coefficient of stumps, it is necessary to cultivate strong trees. In order to keep the soil loose, it is necessary to have enough base fertilizer and sufficient water, often apply more organic liquid fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and topdressing thin compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Strong stumps can grow air roots by retaining water and then spraying water to dry.
(2) Physical rooting. When the temperature rises above 25℃, banyan stumps with luxuriant leaves and thick trunk should be tied with aluminum wire or copper wire under the trunk where air roots need to grow, or they can be Dozza several times along the trunk and branches, and the trunk should be tied tightly with metal wire. Then water is often sprayed on leaves, trunks and branches, 4 ~ 5 times a day, to create a microclimate with saturated humidity. It is best to tie dry branches in rainy season. After knotting the branches, the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis could not be sent to the roots in time, but were cut off halfway, which promoted the growth of air roots above the wire winding position. When the air root grows white spots, don't loosen the wire to avoid touching the root point. When the air root grows to 5 ~ 6 cm or longer, it is most suitable to loosen the wire so that the wire is not hugged by the air root.
(3) chemical root promotion. In the rainy season, at the position where the air roots need to grow, cut the cortex of the trunk with a sharp knife until the xylem, that is, phloem in the cortex, is scraped off, dried and coated with the prepared 10× 10. Concentration of solution of mitomycin-naphthylacetic acid or indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid. After coating, cover it with plastic film, and don't let the water drench it, so as not to dilute the long root element. Remove the plastic film after one day, and then spray fine water on the trunk every day to prevent sun exposure, so as not to burn the root tip, or make the root tip black and erosive, which will affect the growth of air roots.
(4) grafting aerial roots. In the rainy season, cut off the air roots of other banyan trees and graft them into an inverted "T" shape.
When the air root grows up, it grows irregularly along the trunk, and grows close to the trunk for a long time, naturally close to the trunk to form a root. Air roots growing from branches can grow into floating fibrous roots. It is necessary to turn the floating fibrous roots into roots, straighten out the roots that grow close to the basin surface or are partially buried in the basin surface, stick them on the trunk conveniently, tie them tightly with metal wires or plastic belts and brown silk rings, and fix them on the trunk. After a long time, they will form roots, making the trunk and roots more beautiful.