What did people in the Song Dynasty call guessing lantern riddles?
Category: Culture/Art gt; gt; Historical Topics
Analysis:
"Guessing lantern riddles", also called "playing lantern riddles", is a part of the Lantern Festival This activity appeared in the Song Dynasty.
Riddles entered a period of great development in the Song Dynasty. Kyoto is a place where politics, economy and culture are concentrated and developed. As the country's economic strength becomes stronger and people's material living standards improve, corresponding cultural activities have arisen. In Bianliang in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were a number of cultural activities specially designed to serve charlatan performances. The place-Washe. Riddles are one of the 100 operas. They have gained unprecedented popularity through the spread of business and performing arts venues. The style of making and guessing riddles is very popular. A large number of riddle artists have emerged, such as Ma Dingzhai, Huo Baichou, Zhang Shanren, Hu Liulang and Wei Dalin et al.
As early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties, holding fifteen lanterns on the first lunar month had become a folk custom. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Lantern Festival became even more lively and grand. According to the Song Dynasty. Meng Yuanlao's "Tokyo Menghua Lu": "On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, in front of the main gate, since the winter solstice before and after the Lantern Festival, Kaifeng Mansion hangs a mountain shed, and stands directly opposite the Xuande Tower. Tourists have gathered, and under the two corridors of the imperial street, thaumaturgy With extraordinary abilities, there are hundreds of songs and dances, and the music is noisy for more than ten miles. "The Northern Song Dynasty was forced by the Jin Dynasty, and after moving the capital to Lin'an, it settled in a corner. In order to whitewash the peace, the rulers asked the people to decorate the Lantern Festival every year and celebrate the important event. It is said that "the lanterns were only in full bloom during the Southern Song Dynasty." Taking this opportunity, some literati would "cut silk lanterns to write poems, sometimes to express ridicule." , and painted figures, hidden words, and old Beijing dialect, teasing passers-by." At this point, lanterns and riddles were connected, and an indissoluble bond was formed, and "lantern riddles" were born. The lantern riddles at this time refer to the riddles written on the lamps, rather than the current literal riddles. There is an essential difference between the two.
With the emergence of lantern riddles, lantern riddle organizations emerged. A riddle society was established in Lin'an, the capital city at that time. According to Song Guanyuan Naideweng's "Capital Records": "The argots include North and South Guzhai, Xixi Zhai is all based on Jiangyou's riddle method. The riddles and poems are gathered together to form Zhai. "The members of the riddle club are all literati of the Feishi group. They either use riddles to make peace with each other, or to tease each other with riddles. Studying riddles, playing with them, or writing books to establish explanations, which jointly promoted the development of riddles.
The diversification of riddle forms is an important symbol of the development of riddles in the Song Dynasty. Word riddles, object riddles, picture riddles, seal riddles and name riddles dominated the riddle world at that time, and formed a certain riddle guessing system. Such as Taoist riddle, correct guess, next set, close set, wise move, horizontal lower step, question cause and tune up, etc. There are many riddles handed down from the Song Dynasty. So far, more than 70 riddles have been collected from various ancient books. Most of these riddles are based on poetry. Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was not only a politician and writer, but also an influential riddle expert. He was skilled and superior in riddle making. Some unofficial records of the Song Dynasty include some of his riddle activities and riddle works. , such as "Add two points for the word "mu", and do not guess the word "bei". If you lack two points for the word "bei", you will not guess the word "mu"." Shoot the two characters "He" and "Zi" respectively. Another example is "I often follow high-ranking officials, full of elegant articles, sometimes with red makeup, and love to face the wind in front of the moon." Guess the riddle "seal".
Based on the riddles of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, picture riddles and physical riddles in the Song Dynasty developed rapidly. Here we quote two riddle stories by Su Dongpo and Monk Foyin to get a glimpse of this. According to "Dongpo Collection": "Dongpo picked up a piece of paper, drew a monk, held a fan in his right hand, and a long-handled fence in his left hand, and said to Buddha Yin: "This riddle can be discussed." Buddha Yin pondered for a long time: "Isn't it the words in the preface of "Guan Sui"?" Dongpo said: "What does it mean?" Foyin replied: "The wind moves it, and the teaching changes it." Dongpo said: "Isn't that what it means?" It's just a matter of being a teacher." According to another record in "Danqian Zalu": "The Buddha's seal held two hundred and fifty coins, and he said to Dongpo: 'Let me discuss this with you.' Dongpo thought about it for a while, and said to the Buddha's seal: 'One coin There are four characters, two hundred and fifty coins, but a thousand characters. Could it be the "Thousand-Character Riddle"? "Buddha Seal laughed but didn't answer."
The literati in the Song Dynasty were very good at seal engraving. In the study of seals, seals appeared, thus creating the most primitive seal mystery. According to the Song Dynasty. Zhou Mi's "Yun Yan Guo Yan Lu" records that Jiang Kui, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty, made a riddle with his own name and engraved it on the seal. The seal is as follows: "Eagle Yang Yang Zhou Shi, Fengyi Yu Ting."
"The first sentence quotes "The Book of Songs" "Wei master honors his father, the time Wei Ying Yang", which implies Jiang Shang's Jiang, and the last sentence quotes "Kui's music and music, the phoenix comes to the ceremony" from "Shangshu", which implies "Kui". Jiang Kui's seal The riddle is a pioneering work, which played a role in the development of seal riddles later.
Name riddles using personal names as the material for riddles were already common in the Song Dynasty. There is a place in the altar. Peng Cheng of the Song Dynasty recorded this riddle of a person's name: "The beautiful lady pretended to be drunk and asked for help, revealing the white jade skin on her chest. She went into the tent and could not be found. She was allowed to fill the rivers and lakes. "The words are implicit and gorgeous, with lingering affection. Each sentence implies a poet from the Tang Dynasty. They are: Jia Dao (Fake Down), Li Bai (Li Bai), Luo Yin and Pan Lang (Pin Lang).
All true arts have strong vitality. Riddles did not stop and die after the Song Dynasty, but continued to develop under different historical environments and conditions. In various riddle activities, literati have always It played a leading role in the publication of mystery collections in the Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Su Dongpo, Huang Shangu, Qin Shaoyou and Wang Anshi published a four-volume "Wenxi Collection". During the Jin Zhangzong period, Sichuan native Yang "Hundred Dendrobium Pearls" edited by Pu Xiang, and "Including Mysteries of Heaven and Earth" compiled by Zhu Shikai from Zhejiang during the Yuan Dynasty. Due to the influence of the times and regional culture, the riddles of the Yuan Dynasty were temporarily at a low ebb, and the number was small. , despite this, there were still many excellent works at that time. For example, the great poet Sadula created a riddle of things, which can be found in his "Yanmen Collection": "It opens like a wheel, gathers like a tree, cuts paper and mixes glue to protect Hsinchu. There is a shadow pavilion in the middle of the sky, and the sound of banana trees is solemn in the rain. On sunny days, it is cloudy and sunny. The difference between sunny and cloudy is clear. I have a big handle in my hand to walk people from east to west, north and south. "The answer to the riddle is "umbrella". The riddle expresses one's ambition, and the riddle-making skills are extraordinary.