General situation of transportation, geography and economy in practice area
The practice area is located in Qinhuangdao City, which is located in the northeast of Hebei Province, bordering Bohai Sea in the south and Yanshan Mountain in the north. Its geographical coordinates are 39 24' ~ 4 37' north latitude and 118 33' ~ 119 51' east longitude. Qinhuangdao has jurisdiction over three districts and four counties, namely, Haigang District, Shanhaiguan District, Beidaihe District, Changli County, Funing County, lulong county and Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County. Haigang District is the residence of the municipal government, 28km west of Beijing. Qinhuangdao has a well-developed traffic and is an important railway and highway hub between North China and Northeast China. Daqin railway connects the city with Datong, the coal capital; The Beijing-Shenyang Expressway passing through Qinhuangdao City was fully opened at the end of 2. Qinhuangdao Airport connects Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Harbin, Qingdao, Dalian, Shijiazhuang and other cities.
There are various types of landforms in Qinhuangdao, with mountains, hills, plains and coastal zones distributed in a ladder shape from north to south. The mountain belongs to the eastern part of Yanshan Mountains, which is distributed in Funing County, northern lulong county and Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County. Most of them are between 2 and 1 m above sea level. Dushan, with an altitude of 1846m, is the main peak in the eastern part of Yanshan Mountains and the highest peak in China. There are many rivers in the hilly and mountainous areas in the north, and there are more than 3 reservoirs, among which Yanghe Reservoir and shihe reservoir are the larger ones. The coastline of Qinhuangdao City is 126.4km long, of which 2.5km is bedrock coast, where marine erosion landform is widely developed, and the rest is sandy coast. The coastline extends from northeast to southwest, and the urban area and Funing and Changli counties are close to the Bohai Sea.
The practice area includes Beidaihe District, Shanhaiguan District and the northeast of Funing County (including Shimenzhai Town, Duzhuang Township and Zhucaoying Township). The northeast of Funing county is located 2 ~ 3km north of the urban area, with roads and railways leading to the urban area. Beidaihe District and Shanhaiguan District are famous tourist areas with more convenient transportation (Figure 1-1).
Figure 1-1 Traffic Location Map of Practice Area
The practice area in the northeast of Funing County, namely Liujiang Basin, is a hilly basin extending in the north-south direction in the eastern part of Yanshan Mountains, with high northwest and low southeast; It is about 2km long from north to south and 1km； wide from east to west. The east, west and north sides of the basin are medium and low mountains, and the middle part is mainly undulating hills; The highest peak is located in the northern part of the basin, which is Laojunding at an altitude of 493m m. The stone river passing through the basin flows from northwest to southeast, and flows into the Bohai Sea at the Old Dragon Head of Shanhaiguan. In 1974, shihe reservoir-Yansai Lake was built in Chen Zhuang, the southern margin of the basin, which is one of the main fresh water sources in Qinhuangdao.
Beidaihe District is adjacent to the eastern Yanshan Mountains in the north and the Bohai Sea in the south, which belongs to hilly terrain composed of eroded residual hills, and the highest peak is Lianfeng Mountain (152.9 m above sea level). In the west, Daihe River flows from the north to the south, turns to the southeast near the estuary and flows into the Bohai Sea. Beidaihe District is located in the north of Daihe River, hence its name. There is a small river-Xinhe in the north of pigeon nest, which flows into Bohai Sea in the north of Eagle Pavilion in pigeon nest. Bedrock coast is from Beidaihe seaside to pigeon nest; From pigeon's nest to the northeast to Shanhaiguan Old Dragon Head, it is a sandy coast, and the beach is flat, soft and clean, making it a good bathing beach.
Shanhaiguan District is located in the northeast of the urban area, with a distance of about 15km. It is adjacent to the Bohai Sea in the southeast, and the old faucet in the south is where the Shihe River enters the sea. This area is mainly composed of erosion residual hills, alluvial fans and marine terraces.
the climate of Qinhuangdao city belongs to warm temperate and semi-humid monsoon climate. Winter is controlled by the Siberian continental air mass, and the weather is cold and dry, with little snowfall, and there are often cold waves and strong winds to cool down. Spring is short, the weather is changeable, there is little precipitation, and spring drought often occurs. Summer is affected by subtropical high, which is hot and rainy, but there is no hot period because of ocean regulation. The weather in autumn is sunny, with less precipitation, resulting in crisp autumn weather. The annual precipitation is 4 ~ 1 mm, mostly concentrated in July ~ August. Affected by the marine climate, the annual temperature difference changes little, with the annual average temperature of 1.5℃, the highest temperature of 34.5℃, the lowest temperature of -17.4℃ and the average temperature of 23.8℃ from July to September, so Beidaihe is a famous summer resort in China. Winter in ice period lasts about 1 days. In the sea area of Qinhuangdao City, because there are few rivers flowing into the sea, the salinity of seawater is relatively high, the average salinity of seawater for many years is 29.83‰, the seawater is deep, and the Yellow Sea warm current flows through this sea area, thus making Qinhuangdao Port a famous ice-free port in northern China.
agriculture in Qinhuangdao is mainly planted with wheat, corn, sorghum, peanuts, fruits and vegetables, with only a small amount of rice. In recent ten years, animal husbandry and forestry have made great progress. In 1998, the output value of animal husbandry accounted for 31.5% of the total agricultural output value, and the forest coverage rate increased from 27% in 1986 to 3.2%. The fishing industry is prosperous, mainly fishing in spring flood season from April to June, and shrimp and crab catching in autumn flood season from August to October. The scale of shallow sea aquaculture and seafood processing is gradually expanding.
in recent ten years, Qinhuangdao's industry has developed rapidly, and it has become an important industrial city in Hebei province, including building materials, machinery and electronics, railway bridge manufacturing, metallurgy, chemistry, electric power, textile and other industries, mining and light industry, among which Shanhaiguan Bridge Factory, which is famous in China and China Yaohua Glass Group Company, the largest float glass manufacturer in China. Qinhuangdao city is rich in mineral resources, and more than 4 kinds of coal, gold, lead, copper, iron, zinc, Shi Ying, refractory clay, graphite and marble have been proved. More than 1 kinds of coal, gold, iron, bentonite and limestone have been mined. Qinhuangdao Port is a national first-class port, which is the main port for transporting coal from north to south and exporting coal and oil in China. In 1998, the cargo throughput reached 77.922 million tons. Nowadays, the national economy and social undertakings in Qinhuangdao are developing in a stable and healthy way.