Gong Baiyu's main experience
Gong Baiyu (1899-1966), a famous martial arts novel writer, was originally named Gong Wanxuan and renamed Gong Zhuxin. He was originally from Dong 'e, Shandong Province, and was an active martial arts novel writer in China in the 193s and 194s. He came to Tianjin in 1928 and worked for a long time in newspapers and telegraph agencies. In 1938, Gong Baiyu became famous for serializing Twelve Money Darts in Yong Bao. In the same year, he founded C-com School and the publishing department of C-com School the following year. In his later years, he devoted himself to the study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen. Gong Baiyu's works include: Twelve Money Darts, Wulin Competing for Heroes, Stealing Fist, Bloody Cold Sword, Joint Darts, etc. His martial arts novels are also known as one of the "Five Famous Martial Arts Novels of the North School", and they are as famous as Zheng Zhengyin, the Master of the Fantasy Xianxia School, Wang Dulu, the Tragedy Chivalrous School, and Zhu Zhenmu.
Chinese name: Gong Baiyu
alias: Gong Wanxuan, Gong Zhuxin and Bai Yu
Nationality: China
Nationality: Han
Birthplace: Machang, Qingxian County, Hebei Province
Date of birth: 1899
Date of death: 1966
Occupation: writer < His father is a duct tape player in the Beiyang New Army. Gong Baiyu studied in Tianjin when he was a child, but later, he went to Beijing to study. At the age of 15 or 16, he began to create literature. Influenced by the May 4th Movement, he pursued progress. With the help of Zhou Zuoren and Lu Xun brothers, the Complete Works of Lu Xun contains seven long letters addressed to him. He has been instructed by Lu Xun in literary theory, literary creation and literary translation.
In 193s, martial arts novels prevailed in China, and Gong Baiyu, as the livelihood of a family of seven people, had to concentrate his intelligence and wisdom in literary creation on this and started his career of creating martial arts novels. Gong Baiyu's first martial arts novel was The Robber of the Yellow Flower. Soon he co-wrote the first half of Twelve Money Darts with another martial arts novelist, Zheng Zhengyin, and finished the second half of the book by himself. Then, the money dart, the story of martial arts competition and the sequels Mu Ye Xiongfeng, Blood-soaked Cold Light Sword and the sequels Three Birds in the Lion Forest, Poisonous Sand Palm, Moyun Hand, and the story of the joint dart, as well as the sequels osawa's Legend of the Dragon and the Snake, The Scared Moth at the Bottom of the Sword, and the Meridian Mandarin Duck. In a few years, Gong Baiyu published dozens of works; Together with his other literary and artistic creations, essays and translations, the total number of words is no less than ten million, and he has become a famous martial arts fighting novelist in China.
In the early 195s, he wrote Biography of the outlaw for Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao. In about 1942, Gong Baiyu began to study the characters of the Golden Clan. He studied the characters of the Golden Clan by himself without a teacher, and then wrote a long monograph, An Interpretation of the History of the Golden Clan, which was published in the New Tianjin Pictorial Black Cyclone Supplement. Some of them, such as "The Ancients Count Numbers" and "Ancient Words Parallel Sounds", were not proved or tested by the predecessors. His writing is simple and concise, and he can't do it without profound ancient prose skills and profound historical knowledge. He studied history with golden armor, and proved that the research method of golden armor characters is rare with historical facts. He did not stick to predecessors' achievements in studying the Jin and Jia scripts, and thought that before Qin Dynasty, the scripts were not identical, the characters were multi-faceted, and the scripts were formless. If we only confined ourselves to the stippling of characters, there would be the disadvantages of falsely claiming ancient words. Therefore, we can get the exact textual research with the method of seeking meaning immediately, and we have our own unique views on the textual research of ancient characters, the relationship between pronunciation and characters and so on. In 1955, he and Wu Yunxin visited Wang Xiang, an expert on Oracle bones, and learned a lot from talking with Wang Lao. After returning home, he wrote a lot of notes. It's a pity that his manuscript about the study of the golden inscriptions was copied during the Cultural Revolution and was completely lost.
After liberation, Gong Baiyu was hired as a librarian, executive director of the Writers' Association and member of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles in Tianjin. He died in 1966 at the age of 67.
characters experience
was born
in Gong Baiyu, which is his pen name specially for writing martial arts novels. The scientific name is Gong Wanxuan, renamed Zhuxin, and the pen name is Xing Dai. Born in Machang, Qingxian County, Hebei Province on September 9, 1899. Gong Baiyu was originally from Dong 'e, Shandong. Gong Deping, his grandfather, was an old scholar who worked as a county official in his hometown. Because he lost his treasury and took his wife with him, he fled and died soon. When Gong Baiyu was a child, he lived in a horse factory, with a well-off family and no worries. Later, he moved to Northeast China and Tianjin with his father. When Gong Baiyu moved to Beijing in 1913 and studied in the Middle School Attached to Chaoyang University and Jingzhao No.1 Middle School successively, he expressed his ideal of "giving lectures and writing books" in his composition "Narrating Records". He was fond of reading storytelling, case-solving and chivalrous novels since he was a child. At the age of 15, he began to try literary and artistic creation, contributing to newspapers and periodicals in Beijing and commenting on current social events. In 1918, he was admitted to Beijing Normal University. Because of his father's death, he was forced to drop out of school. He likes literature very much, especially China's new literary works since the May 4th Movement. Gong Baiyu was interested in literature, and was initially influenced by the New Literature Movement. His interest shifted from translating novels to vernacular Chinese, and he was determined to be a "new literary artist". He has a certain foundation in Chinese and English, and later he worked and engaged in new literature creation. I often write essays and put them in newspapers. At the beginning of the 2th century, when his family was in decline and he couldn't afford books, he often used various opportunities to secretly read books or borrow books to read.
getting to know Lu Xun
Gong Baiyu adored Zhou Zuoren, a famous great writer at that time. In the early summer of 1921, I accidentally got Zhou's home address and dared to write a letter. At the end of the letter, he had extravagant hopes, and listed several books, asking him to lend them to read. Unexpectedly, a week later, he received a reply, and sent books such as the History of European Literature and Dewey's Lectures, and made it clear that some books did not need to be returned. Strangely, the signature at the end of the letter is not "Zhou Zuoren" but "Zhou Shuren". Gong Baiyu's impression of meeting Zhou Shuren for the first time was "Mr. Zuoren's gentle face and talk" (quoted from Gong's autobiography "Talk").
Just as Gong Baiyu was struggling to make a living, it happened that a newspaper in Tianjin invited him to write martial arts novels with high remuneration. Perhaps he also realized that "living is the first meaning of life" and finally reluctantly condescended. A "Twelve Money Darts" won the "curtain color". Since then, his martial arts novels written under the pseudonym "Bai Yu" have been very popular, and the economic situation has not only improved greatly, but also been different from before.
Despite his success, Gong Baiyu is not only ashamed of his martial arts creation, but also despises it. He feels that the famous flowers have fallen, and his soul has broken the blue bridge. He deeply failed Mr. Lu Xun's ardent expectations of him, and felt ashamed to see Lu Xun again, so he automatically cut off his contacts.
Gong Baiyu's literary career began in 1926 as an editor of Beijing National Evening News, which was later closed. In 1927, Zhang Henshui was the editor-in-chief of "Pearl" supplement in "World Journal" and invited Gong Baiyu to write martial arts novels. Therefore, Gong Baiyu's first martial arts novel, The Blue Hero, was published in the World Journal Pearl. The title of Gong Baiyu's first martial arts book was used in disorder, such as The Blue with White Blade, The Seven Chivalrous Men in the Green Forest, The Pink Skull, etc. It was finally published by Shanghai Concord Bookstore in June 1947 under the standard title of The Blue Hero. The Complete Works of Gong Baiyu's Martial Arts Novels published in 1992 was printed according to this version.
travel
In p>1928, Gong Baiyu couldn't survive in Beijing, but he went to Tianjin alone in early summer. Gong Baiyu's return to Tianjin is not blind. When he was stranded in Beijing, he often contributed to Tianjin's Dong Fangshuo and other supplements, so that he could get to know Wu Qiuchen through literature. Wu Qiuchen is a famous young journalist at this time. After leaving Dong Fangshuo, he was hired as an interview minister by Commercial Daily, a private newspaper in Tianjin, and concurrently served as the editor of the supplement "Grocery Store". Wang Yunsheng is the editor-in-chief of the newspaper, and the boss is Wang Loubing. Wu Qiuchen and Wang Yunsheng were both hired by Wang Loubing. When Gong Baiyu went to Tianjin, he took refuge in Wu Qiuchen. Wu Qiuchen was trusted by the boss of Business Daily. Gong Jingwu introduced him and passed the exam, so he worked as a clerk under Wang Loubing, the manager of Business Daily, with a monthly salary of only ten yuan.
Creation
Later, Gong Baiyu set up a primary school in Tianjin. In 1937, the Anti-Japanese War broke out and Tianjin fell. As the main tool to comfort people, martial arts novels were still blank in the occupied areas. In order to make a living, Gong Baiyu soon co-wrote the first half of Twelve Money Darts (Volume 1) with another martial arts novelist, Zheng Zhengyin, and independently completed the second half of the book, which was published in Tianjin Daily, which was very popular with readers at that time. Since then, he has started his martial arts creation. Soon, his remuneration has also more than doubled from 1 yuan per 1, words. Then Gong Baiyu went on to write many works related to the story of Twelve Money Darts, and formed the Four Drafts of Money Darts.
Research
Gong Baiyu read China classics, exhibited western classics and translated English novels. With the accumulation of knowledge, great ambitions have emerged. At the age of 37, when he was teaching in Baxian (now Bazhou) middle school, he became interested in language and grammar. In order to further explore, he gradually studied Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen. In 1943, he serialized more than 2 such notes in the New Tianjin Pictorial, with the general title "Explanation of the History of Jiajin Securities", which can show the extraordinary value of the content. In Liyan Pictorial, there is a series of Notes on White Fish.
In his later years, Gong Baiyu buried himself in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, trying to dilute the title of "Martial Arts Novelist", which he never wanted to get, by studying Jinwen. However, his research lasted until the end of 195s, and was suspended due to cerebral thrombosis. Gong Baiyu suffered from emphysema in his later years, which made him unable to move. However, he still wanted to publish his collection of archaeological essays wholeheartedly, but this wish did not pay off. In recent years, An Interpretation of the History of Jia Jin Zheng was compiled and republished in the magazine of Chinese Studies in Hong Kong, and soon reprinted in Tianjin Literature and History.
In his later years
In the autumn of p>1961, the young Mr. Feng Yunan came to Erma Road apartment in Hebei to visit Gong Baiyu, which has gradually been forgotten. According to Feng Yunan's memory, Mr. Gong Baiyu's living room was about 1 square meters, with dim light and simple furnishings. Only a small kang table was placed on the bed, which was about the only tool for Mr. Bai Yu to write and eat. Gong Baiyu, an old man who lives in this cubicle, is short, with sparse hair and a haggard face. The weather is not too cold, but he has put on an old-fashioned double-breasted cotton-padded jacket, so people look older and weaker.
Mr. Feng Yunan said that Jin Yong and Liang Yusheng, who were also writers of martial arts novels, made great achievements and gained fame in China, but Gong Baiyu died in 1966 due to poverty and illness.
novel features
Gong Baiyu is a quite comprehensive swordsman novelist. He has made different achievements in writing about society, feelings, routines of "martial arts" and ideological realm of "chivalry" in martial arts. He also contributed to the innovative description of martial arts. He used traditional terms, poems and allusions, natural landscapes, animal images, myths and legends to name all kinds of palm techniques and weapons, which increased the literary color of the martial arts world. Together with Huanzhu Louzhu, Wang Dulu and Zheng Zhengyin, he greatly developed the idea of naming martial arts for later new martial arts novels.
In the late 193s, Ye Leng summed up the characteristics of Gong Baiyu into two parts. The first part is to learn from Dumas, "The characters described are very lively, and the stories set are also very close to human feelings. The heroes in the book are also people, not' superman'"; The second is to learn from Cervantes, who created Don Quixote, and "ridicule the chivalrous behavior as a martial arts legend". Reflecting real life with distinctive personality and profound social background, we can create a new school.
Gong Baiyu's portrayal of characters and mastery of language art are really free to use, and his writing is really wonderful. Ye Hongsheng, a famous martial arts novel critic in Taiwan Province, commented: "After reading this, I suddenly sigh: there is nothing wonderful in the world that comes from the right of Bai Yu! And its portrayal of psychology is fine and the use of spoken language is fine, that is, Jin Yong's generation will fall behind it. " Jin Yong spoke highly of Gong Baiyu's works as "profound in meaning and extraordinary in writing". Gong Baiyu's martial arts novels are rich in ideological content, profound and realistic, and the characters created are realistic and easily touching. These books not only sell well in China, but also have influence in Southeast Asia. His martial arts novels were known as one of the "four famous martial arts novels of the North School" at that time. Some of Gong Baiyu's novels are still being reprinted and circulated, or interpreted as audio-visual works.
Personal Works
The Complete Works of Gong Baiyu's Martial Arts Novels published by Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House are listed as follows:
Twelve Money Darts
Twelve Money Darts is a masterpiece of Gong Baiyu. This book * * * has 17 volumes (sets), 85 chapters in total, and * * * has more than 1.2 million words. The first 16 volumes were written before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and the story is not over. Because Bai Yu has achieved fame and fortune, he doesn't want to write "boring words" anymore. In 1946, in order to make a living, Bai Yu had to work as Feng Fu again, so she wrote the last volume, renamed Feng Linbao's Change, and serialized it in Tianjin's Jianguo Daily. Twelve Money Darts inherits the writing skills of Zhang Hui's novels, and describes the story of Yuan Zhenwu (Flying Leopard) and Yu Jianping (Twelve Money Darts) who became enemies, which led to the robbery of the darts and the battle of wits 2 years later.
Gong Baiyu's "Twelve Money Darts" won the readers' love as soon as it came out, and its artistic charm lasted for a long time, because Gong Baiyu didn't make it up like his predecessors, writing the martial arts novels absurdly, but strictly followed Lu Xun's teachings, writing about martial arts as "people", writing about their worldly desires, their lofty and bright side, their small and selfish side, and their incompetence and helplessness.
Stealing Boxing
Stealing Boxing is also an important work of Gong Baiyu. What is said is the story of Yang Luchan, a teenager from Guangping Prefecture in southern Hebei Province in the Qing Dynasty. Yang Luchan went to Chenjiagou to visit Taiji Chen to learn boxing, but Chen refused. Later, Yang Luchan disguised as a mute and sneaked into Chen's mansion as a servant. After going through all the hardships, he finally learned amazing arts and became famous in the capital. On the one hand, Yang Luchan pretended to be a dumb beggar for three years, and suffered a lot. He stole Tai Ji Chuan from Tai Chi Chen and showed the indomitable spirit of "Xia". On the one hand, I wrote about how many "pseudo-chivalrous men" Yang Luchan met when she was rejected by Taiji Chen for five years. This criticizes the unreal side of the martial arts world.
major achievements
Wulin
Since ancient times, "Wulin" has only the names of mountains, places and cities, but nothing else. The book was first used as the title of the book, which was written by Zhou Mi at the end of the Song Dynasty. All the anecdotes in Hangzhou (also known as Wulin) have nothing to do with martial arts. Zheng Zhengyin, a fellow friend of Gong Baiyu, knows martial arts quite well, and once recommended a copy of the martial arts Huizong written by Wan Laisheng for Gong Baiyu's reference. Wan once taught at Beijing Agricultural University and was a direct disciple of Du Xinwu, a natural gate warrior. His book is all-encompassing, all true and well-founded, and it is an authoritative work in the field of Chinese martial arts. Gong Baiyu traveled the Jianghu with this "Wulin Secret Book", and evolved his theory with literary ingenuity, which was unfavorable.
Gong Baiyu was inspired by "Wen Lin" (generally referred to as the cultural circle), and created a new word "Wulin". Its definition is far broader than that of "green forest"-Ma Wu and other heroes were outlawed as thieves in the green forest mountains at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. See the Biography of Liu Xuanzhuan in the Later Han Dynasty, which covers rivers and lakes.