What are the geographical features of Ningxia? Please analyze the conditions for developing agricultural production in Ningxia.
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is called Ning for short. Located in the northwest hinterland of China, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Gansu in the south, Shaanxi in the east and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the northeast. Yinchuan, the capital, governs 4 cities, 2 districts 15 counties. The population is 4.65 million (1990), covering an area of 66,400 square kilometers.
Ningxia is shaped like a jujube pit, with two sharp ends and a big middle. It is 45 ~ 250 kilometers wide from east to west and 465 kilometers long from north to south. The terrain is high in the south and low in the north. From north to south, it can be divided into Northwest Plateau, Yinchuan Plain, Helan Mountain, Loess Plateau and Liupanshan Mountain. The Yellow River enters Ningxia through Heishan Gorge, and then flows northward. There are Qin Canal, Han Canal and Tanglai Canal, which are endless, forming the so-called "blockade of the south of the Yangtze River". Different types of areas form different landscapes, which makes Ningxia beautiful and charming. Ningxia is located inland and belongs to a typical continental climate. It has the characteristics of long and cold winter, short and hot summer, scarce rainfall, dry climate, abundant sunshine, more sandstorms, strong evaporation and short and changeable frost-free period. The annual average temperature is 5 ~ 9℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, so there is a folk song: "Wear fur coat in the morning, wear gauze in the afternoon, and eat watermelon around the stove". If the Yellow River runs through the whole autonomous region, the climate is not dry, the terrain is high and the climate is not cold. It can really be described as "Ningxia in Huang Hefu", which is suitable for the growth of various crops and is rich in rice, wheat, melons and fruits, and is known as "the land of plenty". Ningxia is rich in products, known as the "five treasures" of red, yellow, blue, white and black, and has a long-standing reputation. There are nearly 50 kinds of mineral resources, and there are more than 300 different types of mineral sites in various places. Proven reserves 17 kinds of coal, gypsum and petroleum. Coal is a unique mineral resource in Ningxia, with excellent coal quality and complete varieties, ranking fifth in the country, especially Taixi coal, which enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
Ningxia, an ancient and rich land, is like a buried pearl. After the founding of New China, it began to radiate dazzling brilliance, and various undertakings grew from scratch, from small to large. After more than 40 years of development and construction, industries such as energy, electric power, textile, machinery, metallurgy, chemistry, construction and transportation have been established, laying a material foundation for Ningxia's modernization.
Ningxia turbulence is famous as "Jiangnan". So, how did you get this reputation? There is a passage in the famous geographical record of the Song Dynasty, which records that "Lingzhou (instructed the northern part of Ningxia) is a custom of miscellaneous Qiang Rong, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty became a great player for one year (AD 579), and the old general Wu Mingche was defeated and moved to Lingzhou. Its people are polite and eager to learn on the left side of the river. Compared with Guan, it is called Jiangbei. "/kloc-During the Northern and Southern Dynasties 0/400 years ago, Jiangnan became a prosperous place, which began to attract the attention of the rulers and was praised by the world. So the south moved in more, so it got such a nickname. Accordingly, the original meaning of "in Jiangnan" only focuses on the source, language and customs of residents. Later, with the large-scale development of irrigation area in the late Tang Dynasty, the area of rice and wheat expanded rapidly, with abundant grain and grass, strong horses and abundant food for the people. Moreover, the scenery of the water town and the scenery of the frontier fortress complement each other, adding more new meanings to "north of the Yangtze River". The Zen poem of the mid-Tang and Wei Dynasties: "The orchard under Helan Mountain is completed, and it is famous in the north and south of the Saibei River. In Shui Mu, thousands of families are dark, and thousands of bows and knives ride on iron clothes.
Ningxia is one of the oldest irrigation districts in China with a history of more than 2,000 years. As early as the Qin Dynasty, counties and counties were set up here to "reclaim land", which was irrigated by Yellow River water to develop agriculture, and more than 100 kilometers of Qinqu and Hanyan Canal were built. Transform the original vast grassland into one of the oldest large-scale irrigation areas in northwest China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built Han Canal, Guanglu Canal, Meili Canal and Qixing Canal. In the heyday of the Han Dynasty, there was a prosperous scene of "fertile fields are thousands of miles away, and grains are abundant" ... cattle and horses with tails between their legs and sheep blocking the road ",which was compared with Guanzhong, the richest place in the country at that time. In the Tang Dynasty, the dredging of the silted Guanglu Canal was extended by more than 300 kilometers, and it was named Tanglai Canal, which became the largest ancient irrigation canal so far. Ming and Qing dynasties
In addition, canals such as Huinong Canal, Antelope Clip and Antelope Head have been built. After the prosperous management, the Yellow River irrigation area criss-crossed, rice fields everywhere, the rise of Jiangnan scenery.
The unique weather and geographical location make Ningxia Plain an ideal area to develop gravity irrigation, and its superior natural conditions can be compared with the world-famous oasis along the Nile River in Egypt!
Ningxia: Profit: Rich in water resources (Yellow River); Fertile soil; Strong light; Rich production experience and sufficient labor force disadvantages: high latitude, cold climate and short growth period; Bad weather, such as sandstorm.
Ningxia Plain and Hetao Plain are famous irrigated agricultural areas in China. Here, the flow direction of the Yellow River is slightly inclined to the natural slope, and the diversion canal is excavated to divert the Yellow River water for self-flow irrigation. There are famous channels such as Qinqu and Hanqu in Ningxia Plain. On the plain, ditches are criss-crossing, buildings are connected, rice fields are densely covered, and cottages overlook, so it is known as "Upper Jiangnan". Hetao Plain has developed into a "rice river".